2. SUBMITTED TO:
Mr. MAHIN SHARIF
ASST. PROFESSOR
DEPT.OF AGRI.ECONOMICS
COLLEGE OF SERICULTURE,
CHINTAMANI
SUBMITTED BY:
MANOHARA K S
I BSC (SERI)
ID NO SLC3025
COLLEGE OF SERICULTURE,
CHINTAMANI

3. Labour is a primary factor of
production.The size of a nation's labour
force is determined by the size of its
adult population, and the extent to
which the adults are either working or
are prepared to offer their labour for
wages. Labour is nothing but the all
human exertion in the production of
wealth and services.
INTRODUCTION

4. Definition of Labour
According to Alferd Marshall, Labour is
“Any exertion of the body or mind undertakes
Wholly or partly with some object other than
the pleasure derived from the labour self.
According to A.H.Smith “Labour includes
all the efforts made by man to earn a living .“

5. CHARACTERISTICS OF LABOURS
1. Labour is In-separable Form of Laborer
2. Labour is Indispensable for Production
3. Labour is perishable
4. Labour is an Active Factor of Production
5. Labour sells his Service not Himself
6. Labour is Both Means and Ends of Production
7. Labour is mobile
8. Labours Differ in Efficiency

6. CLASSIFICATION OF FARM LABOUR
The paid labour is also classified as skilled and unskille labour.
Farmer’s own labour, family labour and permanent/attached
labourare fixed resources. While, casual labour is variable
resource.

7. Features of Indian Agricultural Labour
1. Mostly under-employed
2. Disguised unemployment
3. Growing average size of labour family
4. Low productivity
5. Lack of organisation
6. Low bargaining power and low standard of living
7. Seasonal nature of employment

8. EFFICIENCY OF LABOUR
According to Dr. Saxsena ‘By efficiency of labour
mean the amount of work which a labourer can do
within a given time’. As per Mehta ‘By efficiency of
labour is the ability of labour by virtue of which it is
productive’.
Labour equivalents
•2 men labour= 3 women labours
•1 men labour= 2 children
•8 hours= 1 man day

9. Improving Efficiency of Farm Labour
1. Education and Training
2. Wage Level
3. Incentive for better
work
4. Working condition
5. Business organisation
6. Allowance for bad
weather
7. Social and Political Security
8. Trade Union
9. Ability of organizer
10. Planning the requirement
11. Psychological treatment
12. Reducing seasonality