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The Problem of the Patient with Thyroglobulin Elevation but Negative Iodine Scintigraphy:  The TENIS Syndrome ,[object Object],Edward B. Silberstein, MD, FACNM, FACP
Introduction  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],NIS
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[object Object],[object Object],Mazzaferri EL, Mazzaferri E: Empirically treating high serum thyro- globulin levels. 1. J Nucl Med, 46:1079-1086, 2005
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[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
TSH Suppression ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Serum Tg threshold ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88: 1433-1441, 2003
[object Object],[object Object],Cla.Thyroidology 4:501-505, 1994
Tumor detection  ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Text Mazzaferri EL: Empirically treating high serum thyroglobulin levels. J Nucl Med 46:1079-1086, 2005 Tg level (ng/ml) sensitivity (%) < 10 11% 10-20 50% > 100 93%
[object Object],Wang W, Larson SM, Fazzari M, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85:1107-1113, 2000
Surgical resection ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
Empiric High-Dose  131 I ,[object Object]
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[object Object],Ma C,J Nucl Med 46:1164-1170, 2005 Maz RL,J Nucl Med 46:1079-1086, 2005
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],External beam radiation therapy
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chemotherapy
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],Biological/Molecular targeting agents
Redifferentiation Agents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
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[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKI)
 
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[object Object],[object Object],Gene Therapy
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Editor's Notes

  1. medullary thyroid cancer ปกติก็มีหน้าที่ในการ secreting calcitonin
  2. I ถูกนเข้าไปโดยการ trapping &gt; organifying ตัว iodide ion สร้าง levothyroxine &amp; thiiodothyroxine
  3. After radioiodine ablative therapy เ ป็นข้อบ่งชี้ post thyroidectomy repeat i131 scan 6-12 เดืนอหลังทำ thyroidectomy g เพื่อรอให้ serum TSH &gt;30
  4. แต่ก็ยังมีหลาย several series ที่เชื่อว่า ไอโอดีน
  5. - Cause ที่เค้า the most concern คือ gr of pt loss of function mutation in the FTC,NIS,with enough thyroid tissue &gt; residual normal tissue fragment or microscopic carcinoma ที่ยังเหลืออยู่ ก็จะ produce Tg - การที่ตรวจเจอ Tg โดย ใช้ วิธีการ immunometric technique &gt;&gt; แสดงว่ามี functioning thyroid cells แต่ถ้าร่วมกับ ทำ radioiodine scan negative &gt;&gt;&gt; fasle possitvie - Antibody induce false neg มากกาว่า false positvie
  6. Other cause อื่น ที่จะต้อง exclude
  7. จะต้อง continue TSH suppression ถึงแม้ว่า serum Tg จะขึ้น
  8. thyroid ass guideline suggest tg&gt;2
  9. FDG-PET/CT เป็น ct without contrast ที่ good sensitivity ใน ก้อนที่มากกว่าหรือเท่า 1 cm ๊ u/s ถูก แต่ขึ้นกับคนทำ operator dependent MRI more sensitivity มากกว่า us guid fine needle aspiration สำหรับการหา thyro ca in multinodular goiter us and mri พบว่า detect node involement ได้เท่ากัน
  10. *** test sensitivity เพิ่มขึ้น ถ้า serum TSH เพิ่มขึ้น
  11. significan different Survival ในคนไข้
  12. ในคนที่สูบบุหรี่ จะต้องระวัง ว่ามันจะมีเรื่อง syncho bronchogenic carcinoma มันจะมีความแตกต่า่งกัน ใน ca จะมีลักษณะ more spiculated pattern &gt; metas of thyroid ca
  13. more spiculate pattern มากกว่า metas of thyr ca
  14. 57% &gt; scan show functioning thyroid tissue post-treatment( whole body scan)
  15. มีคนที่ไม่เห็นด้วยหรืือ คัดค้านในเรืองที่ให้ การรักษา แบบ empiric high dose I ในผู้ป่วย tenis syndrome คือ 1. no radomize control study ; เรื่องการ tx Iodine และ การ response of decrease Tg levels , เพิ่มขึ้น os
  16. การที่มี isolate metas neck ,brain ควรจะ ตัดออกก่อน แล้วค่นยให้ Iodine เพื่อ tx residual post op tumor
  17. Tg &gt; 10 เค้าถึงจะให้ empiric high dose I131
  18. dose 65-70 Gy ในกรณีที่ invasive &amp; partial unresectable thyroid cancer unresect &gt;&gt; involvement trachea esophagus or extrathyroid site in neck
  19. metas in life threatening site เช่น CNS ซึ่งการที่จะ completd excision ได้ยากหรือว่าไม่สามารถ ทำได้
  20. these agent &gt; produce response up to 70% แต่ ส่วนมากการตอบสนอง เป็น stable diseases -these agent มี significant chance of drug toxicity 13-20% of case ก็เลยทำให้มี variable duration and or decrease in dose เรียก drug holliday - จากการที่มี variable complicate แตกต่างกันไป ทำใหยากที่จะ ้ report เรื่อง drug effect ( โดยเฉพะเรื่อง toxicity)
  21. การที่ ประสบความสำเร็จ implementation of gene therapy ยังพิสูจน์ได้ค่อนข้างยาก แต่ถึงอย่างไรก็ตามในปัจจุบันนี้ ก็มีการศึกษาเรื่อง tumor advance ขึ้น