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Independent samples are samples from groups that are completely separate
from one another.
A repeated sample is the same group measured more than once
Marital Status
TWO Levels Single Married
Independent Variable
Independent Samples One cannot be single and married at the same
time; therefore, a sample of singles and a sample
of marrieds are independent from one another.
Time
TWO Levels Pre-test Post-test
Independent Variable
Repeated Samples
A group of students are tested at the beginning of
the course and then tested AGAIN at the end of
the course and thus are considered repeated
samples.

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Quick reminder independent & repeated (t-tests)

  • 1. Independent samples are samples from groups that are completely separate from one another. A repeated sample is the same group measured more than once Marital Status TWO Levels Single Married Independent Variable Independent Samples One cannot be single and married at the same time; therefore, a sample of singles and a sample of marrieds are independent from one another. Time TWO Levels Pre-test Post-test Independent Variable Repeated Samples A group of students are tested at the beginning of the course and then tested AGAIN at the end of the course and thus are considered repeated samples.