2. Curriculumrefers to the total learning experiences of individuals
not only in school but in society as well. ( John Dewey)
CurriculumDevelopment
–It is defined as the process of selecting, organizing,
executing, and evaluating learning experiences on the
basis of the needs, abilities and interests of the learners
and the nature of the society or community.
3. Fundamental Principles/ Elements of a Curriculum
1. Purposes of the school
2. Educational experiences related to
the purpose
3. Organizationof the experiences
4. Evaluation of the experiences
4. The three interacting processes in curriculumdevelopment
1. Planning
2. Implementing
3. Evaluating
5. Types of CurriculumOperating
in Schools
1. Recommended curriculum
2. Written Curriculum
- includes documents, course of
study/syllabi handed down to
schools, districts, division,
departments/colleges for
implementation
6. Taught Curriculum
- composedthe different planned
activities which are put into action
in the classroom.
4. Supported Curriculum
refers to the support materials
resources such as textbooks
computers and other materials
7. AssessedCurriculum
- refers to evaluatedcurriculum
6. LearnedCurriculum
- refers to the learning outcomes
achieved by the students
7. Hidden Curriculum
- unintendedcurriculumwhich is
not deliberatelyplanned
8. Majorfoundation of curriculum
1. Philosophical
- it provideseducators, teachers and
curriculum makerswith framework
for planning
- it helps in answering what schools
are for, what subjectsare important,
howstudents should learnand what
materialsand methods shouldbe used.
- it providesthe starting point and will be
used for thesucceeding decision making
9. 2. Historical
- Franklin Bobbit
presentedcurriculumas science thatemphasize on
students’ need
- Werret charters
- William kilpatrick
Curriculumare purposeful whichare child
centered
- HaroldRugg
Curriculumshoulddevelopthe wholechild.It is
child-centered
- Hollis Caswell
Curriculumas organizedsocialfunctionsof
themes,organizedknowledgeand learner’s
interest.
- Ralpf Tyler
Curriculumis an extension of school’s philosophy
10. 3. Psychological relatedlearning
theories
1. behavioral psychology
2. cognitive psychology
3. humanistic psychology
4. Social
- Societal culture affectsand shapes
schoolsand their curricula
- School curricula should address
diversity, explosion of knowledge,
schoolreformsand education for all.
11. Elements/components of the Curriculum
1. Aims, goals and objectives
2. Subject matter/content
3. Learning experiences
4. Evaluationapproaches
12. CurriculumApproaches
1. Behavioral Approach
- Aim to achieveefficiency
- Beginswith educational plansthat start
with the setting of goalsor objectives.
- Thechangein behavior indicates the
measure of accomplishments
2. ManagerialApproach
- A dominantapproach in the 1950’s and
1960’s
- Theprincipal is the curriculumleader
andat the same timeinstructional leader.
- Curriculummanagers look at
curriculumchangesand innovations.
13. 3. Systems Approach
- Influenced by systemtheory
- The parts of the total school
district/school are examinedin terms
of how they relate to each other.
4. Humanistic Approach
- Rooted in the progressive philosophy
and child centered movement
- Considersthe formal or planned
curriculumand the informal or
hiddencurriculum
