Breif Discussion

1. BY RABIA SIDDIQ

2.  INTRODUCTION
 Rate and velocity of reaction
 Rate constant & rate expression
 Types of reaction based on reaction velocity
 Determination of rate of reaction
 Determination of rate of reaction
 Determination of rate of reaction

3.  Branch of chemistry that
deal with
 Rate of chemical reactions
 Factors affecting rate
 Mechanism through which the
reaction proceeds
 Optimum conditions for
maximum yield of product

4.  Rate of reaction defined as the quantity of
reactant consumed or the quantity of
product formed per unit time.
 Velocity of reaction is defined as the rate of
reaction at a particular given moment or at
specific time.
 VOR = dx/dt

5.  K is called rate constant
 Dx/dt K [A] [B] is called Rate Expression

6.  Initial conc. Of reactants is 0.1
 Rate of reaction is 3.02 x 10-4
 Find rate constant

7.  Reaction proceeding at
very slow speed
 Reaction proceeding at
very fast speed
 Reaction proceeding at
very moderate speed

8. Why some reactions are slow and
some are fast?

9.  By two methods:
 Physical methods
 Chemical methods

10.  Refractometric
 Spectroscopic
 Calorimetric
 pH method
 Polarimetric

11. Samples are drawn from reacting vessels at
regular intervals of time.

12.  Concentration of reaction
 Temperature
 Presence of catalyst
 Surface area of reactants
 Radiation

13.  “When a stress in direction is applied to
system in equilibrium, the equilibrium
position changes so as to undo the stress.”
 According to this principle, if one of the
factors involved in a chemical equilibrium is
altered, the equilibrium shifts towards right
or left in order to restore the balance of
equilibrium.

14. Change in concentration Effect on equilibrium position
A + B C + D
Increase in Conc. Of A or B
Increase in conc. Of C or D
Equilibrium shifts to right and
yield of products increases.
Equilibrium shifts to left

15. Nature of reaction Change in
Temperature
Effect on
equilibrium
Exothermic Increase
Decrease
Shift to left
Shift to right
endothermic Increase
Decrease
Shift to right
Shift to left

16. Nature of reaction Change in pressure Effect on
equilibrium
Vol. of products is
greater than the
reactants
Increase
Decrease
Shift to left
Shift to right
Vol. of products is
less than the
reactants
Increase
Decrease
Shift to right
Shift to left