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商業計算 折扣 毛利 加成率
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折扣是指賣方基於某種原因而給予買方在原價上某個百分比的減讓。 考考你:為什麼賣方要給予買方折扣? 折扣是什麼?
你能指出以下兩種折扣表達方式有什麼分別嗎? 以中文表達 以英文表達 VS
你能指出圖中七折代表什麼嗎?
折實價 = 原價 x 折扣     = $200 x 70%     = $140 假設鹿茸價格為$200,試計算折實價
那我們可如何表達八五折? 假設貨品的原價為$250,折實價為? $250x 85% = $212.5
半價代表什麼? 半價= 五折
那60%off 代表什麼?
折實價 = 原價 x (100% - 折扣率) =$1000x (100% - 60%)            = $1000 x 40%            = $400 假設我們購買$1000貨品,折扣為60%off,那折實價是?
那70%off 代表什麼?
折扣率 = 折扣/原價 x 100%   或 = (原價 - 折扣價)/原價 x 100%     = $(500-400)/500 x 100%     = 20% 以中文表達為 8 折 以英文表達為 20% off 考考你 : 一貨品的原價為$500,折實價為$400,求折扣率。
你知道折扣有不同的類別嗎? 推廣/促銷產品
數量折扣,吸引顧客增加購買量
現金折扣 – 鼓勵賒帳購物的買方盡早還款 我們可能會在商業機構的發票上發現以下付款條款: 付款條款:2/10,n/30 你知道這是代表什麼嗎?
付款條款:2/10,n/30 2/10 代表如能在賒帳期開始的十天內付款, 買方可獲現金折扣2% n/30 代表買方需在30日內還款, 如果買家不能在十日內還款, 便需付足全額
大大書店向明思出版社購入200本圖書,每本零售價為$40,並開出以下條件: 1. 賒帳條件:3/10,n/30 2. 貿易折扣: 七折 試計算大大書店於以下時間付款於思明出版社的應付款項: A. 於收貨後七天       B. 於收貨後十四天 C.於收貨後三十天 現金折扣例子: $(200x 40) x 70% x 97% = $5432 $(200x 40) x 70%  = $ 5600 $(200x 40) x 70%  = $ 5600
貿易折扣 – 用於業內交易上
其它折扣例子:
其它折扣例子:
其它折扣例子:
消費陷阱 你知道這些字眼的意思嗎?
毛利是什麼? 從事貿易的商人,主要是從供應商購入貨品,再轉售出去以圖利。 售出價比購入價高,才可以圖利。 這種(利),我們稱之為毛利。 毛利
如何計算毛利? 假設大利服飾有限公司向美麗製衣公司購買這批成衣,每件成本$15。其後,大利服飾有限公司以每件$100售予顧客。試計算每件成衣的毛利。 毛利(以單位貨物計算) = 售出價-購入價 每件成衣的毛利 =$100-$15=$85
如何計算毛利? 假設大利公司賣掉這批貨可得$2000,而這批貨的買入價為$300。試計算這批貨的毛利。 毛利 (以整批貸計算)= 銷貨所得 – 銷貨成本 毛利 =$2000-$300=$1700
假若計算出的毛利為負數,則表示有虧損,視為毛損。 售出價不足以抵銷購入價,會出現毛損。 例子: 假設大利公司賣掉整批貨可得$200,而整批貨的買入價為$300。則公司出現毛損。 $200-$300=-$100 毛損 =-$100 毛損是什麼?
純利 計算毛利後,毛利會用以支付公司的經營開支(例如租金、電費及工資),餘下的便是公司的純利。 純利 = 毛利 – 經營費用
淨損失 假若計算出的純利為負數,視為淨損失。
2個同學一組,討論以下問題: 假設產品B的純利較產品A高,這是不是代表產品B的利潤幅度較大? 加成率
試為各品牌的衣服計算毛利:
B + AC的毛利是最高, 是不是代表 B+AC的利潤幅度最大?
由於不同產品有不同的購入價, 要準確衡量利潤幅度, 則必先計算各產品的加成率。 加成率量度每一元成本的毛利比率,因此,加成率的公式為: 加成率 = 毛利/購入價 X 100%
晶晶服裝、佐單佬及B + AC的加成率分別為 133%、200% 及 150%。雖然B + AC的毛利是最高,但從加成率分析,佐單佬的利潤幅度較大。

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商業計算