Materials is a vast and critical area of expertise and techniques that is an integral cornerstone of contemporary technical societies, not a particular discipline. In this way, materials parallel other broad fields like energy, electronics, and medical science, where each spans several disciplines and is marked by scientific ferment and societal influence. If materials science is conducted on a small, moderate, or large scale, the people’s quality is directly related to the researcher doing it. Learn More: https://bit.ly/3rjX9nS Contact Us: Website: https://www.phdassistance.com/ UK NO: +44–1143520021 India No: +91–4448137070 WhatsApp No: +91 91769 66446 Email: info@phdassistance.com

1. Current state
and Prospects
of Materials
Science
Research An Academic presentation by
Dr. Nancy Agnes, Head, Technical Operations, Phdassistance
Group www.phdassistance.com
Email: info@phdassistance.com

2. Today's Discussion
Introduction
Recent research trends of materials
science research
Future scope
Outline

3. Materials is a vast and critical area of
and techniques that is an
expertise
integral
technical
cornerstone
societies,
of contemporary
not a particular
discipline.
In this way, materials parallel other broad
fields like energy, electronics, and
medical
several
science,
disciplines
where each spans
and is marked by
INTRODUCTION
scientific ferment and societal influence.
Contd...

4. If materials science is conducted on a
small, moderate, or large scale, the
people’s quality is directly related to the r
esearcher doing it.
This report uses analysis to gain insight
into the present state and future
possibilities of materials research.

5. RECENT RESEARCH
TRENDS OFMATERIALS
SCIENCERESEARCH

7. Nanomaterials
Nanomaterials s cience and technology have
sparked a lot of interest and anticipation in recent
years.
Nanostructures are also suitable for computer
simulation and modelling because their scale is
small enough to allow for a high level of rigour in
treatment.
In nanomaterials computations, the spatial scaling
ranges from 1 to 1 mm, and the temporal scaling
ranges from 1 fs to 1 s, with the precision limit
exceeding 1 kcal mol-1.
Contd...

8. Two examples of recent successes and paradigm changes in this area are STM
images of quantum dots (e.g., a germanium pyramid on a silicon surface) and the
quantum corral of 48 Fe atoms arranged in a circle of 7.3 nm radius. [1].
However, tunable Superhydrophobicity from 3D Hierarchically NanoWrinkled
MicroPyramidal Architectures was recently reported by Weixin Zhang and collaborators.
Contd...

9. With a touch angle of 172° and a sliding angle of 5° in a steady “Lotus” state, excellent
Superhydrophobicity is achieved due to multiscale structures.
Furthermore, the wear resistance and stability measurements indicate that the material
will outperform in simulated extreme real-world applications [2].
Contd...

10. Table 1. Various nanomaterial synthesis and investigation approaches
Contd...

11. Energy materials
Stabilising a consistent and renewable electricity
supply to satisfy the world’s rising energy demands
is one of the biggest problems of the twenty-first
century.
With the introduction of renewable energies, there
is a new market for energy storage facilities.
Perovskite oxides are valuable functional materials
with outstanding physical and chemical properties
used in ferroelectric, piezoelectric, dielectric,
energy conversion and storage, and other
applications.
Contd...

12. Oxygen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction
reaction, electrochemical water splitting, metal-air
batteries, solid-state batteries, oxygen separation
membrane, and solid oxide fuel cells are some of
the newer uses of perovskite oxides.
While various behaviour descriptors for perovskite
oxides have been published, such as the number
of d electrons, Eg occupancy, bulk-forming energy,
metal-oxygen covalency, and the location of the
O–p band gravity core, there is still a need for the
world and feasible reactivity descriptor.
Contd...

13. Furthermore, high-throughput DFT calculations, machine learning, and artificial
intelligence help speed up exploring new materials.
Perovskite oxides’ drawbacks include low electronic conductivity at room temperature and
instability in acidic environments.
Adding a certain volume of metals or creating composites with strong electronic conductors,
such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, or Mxenes, is one efficient way to increase electronic
conductivity.
Nanostructured materials with higher surface area and more open reactive sites usually
perform better than bulk materials
Contd...

14. Biomaterials
Biomaterials have a lot of potential for addressing
COVID-19’s problems.
Even though tissue engineering and regenerative
biomaterials, new research shows promise
medicine have long dominated the field of
in
offering transformative solutions to viral outbreaks
[4].
Clinical perspectives are exchanged to identify
current healthcare needs better than biomaterials
technologies can address.
Contd...

15. The most popular screening patient samples for current SARS-CoV-2 infection is nucleic
acid testing via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
Nanostructures may be built to replicate living cells in a different nanomaterials-centred
approach.
Nanodecoys constructed from cell membrane-derived materials are used to trap and
sequester viruses.
Biomaterials provide several possibilities for overcoming the shortcomings of current
clinical techniques (Figure 1).
Contd...

16. Figure 1. Treatment of COVID-19 using biomaterials.
Contd..

17. Nanodecoys engineered to capture and sequester virus may be inserted directly into the
bloodstream (top left).
In contrast, drug-loaded nanoparticles can be formulated as inhalants to administer
medications to lung tissue locally (top right).
Extracorporeal blood therapies may replenish O2 (bottom right), modulate immune
signalling by removing or supplementing proinflammatory cytokines, or eliminate virus
particles directly from the bloodstream (bottom left) [4]
Contd...

18. Polymers and plastics
Plasticisers have long been recognised for
producing lightweight plastics in various
industries, including the automobile industry,
medical devices, and consumer goods.
Because of the constantly evolving spectrum
of bio-based and biodegradable polymers and
rising interest in investing in the bioplastics
market, global bioplastics output capacities
are difficult to predict and are typically based
on prediction.
Contd...

19. Natural polymers such as cellulose derivatives, thermoplastic starch (TPS), and their blends
have the largest processing potential, as these components are increasingly replacing
plastics in the lightweight film packaging industry.
Bio monomers-derived glucose fermentation or lignin fermentation have also been used to
produce commonly used commodity polymers, including polyethene terephthalate,
polyamide, and polypropylene, including polyethene terephthalate, polyamide, and
polypropylene for the revival of Bio-PET, Bio-PA, and Bio-PP, respectively.
Using unaccounted biomass as a valuable resource and rationally engineering bioplastics
to impart optimal versatility and recyclability would provide a sustainable bioplastics
production value chain [5].
Contd...

20. Figure 2. A diagram depicting the technical methods used in the production of industrial
bioplastics (shaded in blue: biodegradable polymers derived from oil-based resources).
Contd...

21. Metals and
alloys
Stainless steel, titanium and its alloys, cobalt alloys, and other metals and
alloys have all been used clinically as implant components.
Still, contamination or inflammation caused by the implant is also one of the
leading causes of implantation failure.
Antibacterial metals and alloys have recently gained popularity due to their long-
term antibacterial stability, strong mechanical properties, and biocompatibility.
Contd...

22. Antibacterial stainless steel, antibacterial titanium alloy,
antibacterial zinc and alloy, antibacterial magnesium
and alloy, antibacterial cobalt alloy, and other
antibacterial metals and alloys were defined in detail, as
well as recent advances in the design and manufacture
of antibacterial metal alloys containing various
antibacterial agents.
Figure 3 indicates the number of publications included in
Web of Science searches for antibacterial or
antimicrobial study.
Contd...

23. Figure. 3. Web of Science was used to search for antibacterial scientific publications. a)
antibacterial or antimicrobial in the topic, b) antibacterial metal, antibacterial steel, and
antibacterial titanium in the topic [6]
Contd...

24. Ceramics
Ceramic-based energy storage materials have significant
benefits over polymer energy storage materials, such as
outstanding thermal stability, long life span, and cycle
time.
Dielectric capacitors, which have the fastest
charging/discharging rate and the highest power density
for existing energy storage devices such as
supercapacitors, batteries, and electrolytic capacitors, are
allowing electric energy devices.
Contd...

25. Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) is a common piezoelectric material that enables the
synthesis of many materials with a broad range of properties due to the formulation of
solid solutions over a wide range of Zr: Ti ratios. Also, this system accommodates a wide
range of dopants for modification of crystal structure.
This method also supports a wide variety of dopants for crystal structure alteration.
Because of its versatility, PZT has become very popular with users and researchers all
over the world.
Some lead-free piezo material structures have been investigated, including BNT, BKT,
KNN, and BZT-BCT. However, the advancement of lead-free piezo devices and their
success with PZT devices is still in the early stages.

26. FUTURESCOPE
It is critical to developing cost-effective, cheaper,
and safer nanomaterials that will provide efficient
drug loading and managed drug release of certain
difficult drug moieties for which no other viable
delivery method exists.
the tremendous success, developing
and controllable approaches to the
Despite
effective
scalable synthesis of nanostructured perovskite
oxides remains a challenge.
Contd..
.

27. It is critical for commercialising effective oxygen electrocatalysts for electrochemical
energy storage and conversion technologies.
A multidisciplinary methodology involving conventional electrochemistry, experimental
solid-state chemistry and physics, advanced characterisation, and multiscale
computational modelling will be needed for future advances in this exciting area.
To the environmental risk of potential pandemics, masks made of biodegradable
materials or used for several purposes must be designed.
Contd...

28. Cells and tissues are unaffected by antibacterial stainless steel, antibacterial titanium
alloys, and antibacterial cobalt alloys.
Surface biomodification to increase or enhance cell response is also needed,
resulting in decreased antibacterial activity.
As a result, the choice of surface biomodification and its effect on cell reaction and
antibacterial activity should be thoroughly investigated.
Contd...

29. Even though many antibacterial pathways have been thoroughly explored so far, the
antibacterial process remains a mystery.
As a result, the production and preparation of antibacterial metal alloys are also heavily
reliant on element alloying, including the appropriate Cu or Ag element.

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