1. AS PE 10 Mark Questions.
Evaluate critically the impact of different types of
physical activity on the cardiovascular system with
reference to lifelong involvement in an active lifestyle.
Different types of physical Activity:
Contact sports.
High impact sport.
Repetitive action sports.
Link to lifelong participation in an active lifestyle:
CHD is 2-3 times more likely with inactive people.
Positive experiences in Physical Activity will encourage people to sustain and active
balanced lifestyle: Dept of Health recommends 30mins of moderate Physical Activity
5 x per week.
Consider the Physical, Mental and Social Benefits
Reduce the chance of:
Obesity
Coronary heart disease
Cancer (better diet + Physical Activity)
Reducing the risk through Physical Activity:
- Improves heart Hypertrophy, increased SV/Q and increased coronary
circulation.
- Decreased blood fibrogen – decreases blood clotting/viscocity and improves
coronary circulation.
- Decreased blood lipids and deposits on artery walls.
- Decreases LDL cholesterol which can be deposited on artery walls.
- Increase HDL cholesterol which removes cholesterol from artery walls.
- Lowers BP reducing the risk of developing hypertension.
- Reduces obesity, controlling body weight, reducing hypertension and risk of
diabetes.
- Reduces stress, tension and anxiety.
- Act as a stimulus to stop smoking.
Link to CHD:
(Arteriosclerosis)
- Hardening of the artery walls/loss of elasticity of the artery walls.
- Reduces the efficiency of vasodilation/vascular shunt mechanism.
- Smoking accelerates the hardening of the artery walls.

2. (Atherosclerosis)
- High levels of cholesterol and fat deposits within arterial walls forming fatty plaque.
- Restricts the flow of blood leading to hypertension.
- Likelihood of blood clots forming.
(Angina)
Caused by arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis in the coronary artery, depriving the
heart of O2/blood. This can occur during rest, anxiety but mostly during exercise.
(Heart Attack)
Complete loss of O2 to the heart, caused by blood clots.

3. Evaluate critically the impact of different types of
physical activity on the respiratory system with reference
to lifelong involvement in an active lifestyles.
Different types of physical Activity (you must include examples):
High intensity activities have a significant impact on the respiratory system.(see
adaptations)
Endurance activities also have an impact.
Link to lifelong participation in an active lifestyle:
Positive experiences in Physical Activity will encourage people to sustain and active
balanced lifestyle: Dept of Health recommends 30mins of moderate Physical Activity
5 x per week.
(IMT - inspiratory muscle training)
By using a form of spirometer, which the athlete breathes into against a set resistance,
for 4-15mins per day can:
- Increase respiratory muscle strength/efficiency.
- Can be used to prevent the effects of asthma and encourage an active and
healthy lifestyle.
(Asthma)
- Narrowing of the airways causing hyperirritability, coughing, wheezing and
mucus production may occur.
- This therefore hinders respiratory performance and overall athletic
performance.
- A warm-up of 10-30mins at 50% of max can inhibit the effects of asthma.
(Smoking)
An active and healthy lifestyle encourages people to stop smoking and not smoke at
all.
- Carbon monoxide has 250 time higher affinity for haemoglobin.
- Carbon monoxide reduces Oxy-haemoglobin association.
- Reduces O2 transportation to the working muscles.
(Altitude training)
Training must take place for more than 4 weeks for adaptations to take place.
The decrease in PO2 causes the following adaptations:
- Increase in Haemoglobin, which allows more O2 to be transported.
- Capillarisation, which increases the flow of blood to the Alveoli.

4. - Increase EPO production within the body.
(Adaptation of the respiratory system through exercise)
- Increased alveoli, increases surface area for diffusion.
- Increased elasticity of the respiratory muscles.
- Increased efficiency and longevity of the respiratory muscles.
- Increased efficiency of respiratory muscles reduces the amount of O2 they use
during respiration.
- Increased strength/power and endurance of the respiratory muscles.
- Tidal Volume (TV) can change during maximal exercise.
- Respiratory frequency reduces at rest (I.E you don’t breath as many times at
rest).
- Respiratory frequency can increase during max exercise.
- Minute ventilation can increase significantly from 150L/min in untrained
performers to 180-200L/min. due to increases in TV during max exercise.
- Increased pulmonary diffusion during maximum exercise.
- Aerobic performance improves.
- Aerobic endurance increases, decreases OBLA.
- Increase in VO2 max.
- Healthy respiratory system encourages lifelong participation and an active
lifestyle.