Global and Indian Burden of TB, Host and environmental factors of TB

1. Epidemiology of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Dr. Jayaramachandran S
Assistant Professor
Department of Community Medicine
25.05.2018

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3. Introduction
• Tuberculosis (TB) has existed for millennia
• Major global health problem
• Ill-health for approximately 10 million people each year
• One of the top ten causes of death worldwide.
• Drug-resistant TB is a continuing threat
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4. Burden
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5. How to measure burden?
• Incidence– the number of new and relapse cases of TB arising in a
given time period, usually 1 year;
• Prevalence– the number of cases of TB at a given point in time; and
• Mortality– the number of deaths caused by TB in a given time period,
usually 1 year.
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8. Global Burden
• An estimated 10.4 million people fell ill with TB in2016:
• 90% were adults, 65% were male,
• 10% were people living with HIV (74% in Africa)
• 56% were in five countries: India, Indonesia, China, the Philippines & Pakistan
• In 2016,
• 3,74,000 deaths among HIV-positive people
• Estimated 1.3 million TB deaths among HIV-negative people
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TB mortality rate is falling at about 3% per year
TB incidence is falling at about 2% per year

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13. Epidemiological triad
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14. Host Factors
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15. Host factors
• Age
• Sex
• Heredity
• Nutrition
• Immunity
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16. Social Factors
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17. Social factors
• Poor quality of life
• Poor housing
• Over crowding
• Population explosion
• Under nutrition
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18. Social factors
• Smoking
• Alcohol
• Abuse
• Lack of education
• Large families
• Early marriages
• Lack of awareness
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19. Summary
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20. Agent Factors
From the Department of Microbiology
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