1. The document provides vocabulary and grammar structures for an English revision sheet. It includes new words related to pollution, waste, surveys, energy, wildlife, and grammar structures for conditionals, modals, and past forms. 2. The worksheet contains exercises to test understanding of the new words and structures. Learners are asked to choose the correct answers, provide one-word answers, complete sentences, and rewrite sentences using structures like conditionals. 3. The summary focuses on the high-level purpose and key elements, describing it as a revision sheet with vocabulary, structures and exercises to test understanding of the new material in 3 sentences.

1. 1
Cairo Governorate Department : English
Nozha Directorate of Education Form : 6th
Primary
Nozha Language Schools Revision Sheet
“Ismailia Road” Branch Second Term
Unit 8
* New Words :
pollution making air , water , earth harmful to people , animals and plants .
waste a wrong use of money , substances , time , energy and abilities .
a survey an examination of opinions , behaviours made by asking people questions
a questionnaire a written list of questions given to a number of people for collecting data .
energy the power taken from something such as electricity or heat or the capacity
of doing work .
wild life animals and plants that grow independently of people
refillable (adj.) can be filled again .
reuseable (adj.) can be used again .
materials (n) a physical substance with things that can be made from .
shrubs a plant with many small branches .
a passenger someone who is travelling in a vehicle but is not driving it .
dripping taps the falling water of taps .
- care about be interested in sth .
- find out discover .
- cut down decrease – make it less .
- cut down on make the best use of something .
* New structure
Shall past should
Should = ought to
Can past could
Necessity “ present”[ has to / have to / must / need to ]
“ Past” [ had to ]
Absence of Necessity doesn’t have to / don’t have to /
don’t need to - doesn’t need to needn’t + inf.

2. 2
Choose the correct answer :
1. Cigarettes , cars , and buses cause [ portion – pollution – devotion ] to the
environment
2. Using [ refillable – throwaway – re-usable ] pens is not green .
3. Some children want to do a [ homework – survey – selection ] about keeping
their school green , others think a questionnaire is a better idea .
4. We should put waste in the [ rubbish bin – bed room – cage ] .
5. I should turn [ on – off – up ] the lights before I go out .
6. Ifyouwanttokeepyourschoolgreen,youshoulduse[throwaway–re-usable–plastic]bags.
7. Cars , buses and trains are means of [ transplant – transport – sport ] .
8. We should cut [ on – down – to ] waste .
9. Radios need [ mobile – batteries – TVS ] to work .
10. [Dripping–Dragging–Digging]tapswastealotofwater,soweshouldfixthem.
11. Christopherwantstosavetheforestinordertosave[theschool–thecity–the wildlife].
12. Refillable pens are [ throwaway – re-usable – glass ] pens .
13. [ Bicycles – Cars – Metros ] cause pollution .
14. Pollution is bad for the [ wild life – cars – buses ] .
15. Put the waste in the [ litter – letter – leather ] bin .
16. The [ waste – wasp – wash ] from the factory was taken away in lorries .
17. This [ graph – grape –grave ] shows the population growth over 50 years .
18. Using [ chemicals – chemists – chemistry ] pollutes the environment .
19. There are lots of grass , trees and [ shrubs – shrimps – shrink ] in the wild life .
20. You can ride your bike here , but [ watch out – take out – put out ] the cars !
21. She should [ go – goes – going ] to school on time .
22. I [ will help – helped – helping ] you next week .
23. You [ should – mustn't – ought to ] play with knives .
24. How [ shall we – we shall – did we ] travel to Alex. tomorrow ?
25. I [ ought to – shouldn't – couldn't ] help my parents .
26. We [can – will – could ] come back early yesterday .
27. She must [ help – helps – helped ] her mother .
28. They [ leaves – leaving – will leave ] tomorrow morning .
29. We [ can – could – will ] fix the TV yesterday .
30. You [ ought not to – ought to – shouldn't ] be quiet in class .
31. [ Do – Will – Must ] you help me , please ?
32. She [ can – is – was ] ride a bike .
33. I [ am – can – must ] go now , I'm late .
34. He [ couldn't - wasn't – mustn't ] swim , when he was young .
35. [ Could – Must – Had ] you tell me the way to the bank .

3. 3
* Give one word for :
1. Something done to examine people's opinions through asking questions .
………………………
2. The power from something such as heat or electricity .
………………………
3. A wrong use of money , substances , time , energy and abilities
.………………………
4. Animals and plants that grow independently of people .
………………………
5. A written list of questions given to a number of people for collecting information
………………………
6. Can be filled again . ………………………
7. Making [ air , water , earth ] harmful to people , animals and plants
.…………………
8. A plant with many small branches . ……………………
9. A person who is travelling in vehicle but is not driving it .
…………………….
10. The falling water of taps . ………………..…..
* Complete the following sentences :
1. The school throws away a lot of ………………
2. It is important to save water and watch out for ………………
3. ………….. pens are not good for a green school .
4. We use ……………….. to calculate numbers .
5. We should put waste in ……………………
* Re-write the following sentences using the words in brackets :
1. I will go to the zoo on foot . [ How ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
2. She will help me . [ not ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
3. I help my mother . [ just ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
4. I've just finished . [ not ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
5. Dina visits her uncle once a week . [ How ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
6. It is necessary to do my homework . [ must ]
………………………………………………………………………………..

4. 4
7. Mona has to be at home by night . [ need ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
8. Ahmed has to eat healthy food . [ mustn’t ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
9. Yes ; we ought to go now . [ Ought ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
10. It isn’t necessary to play computer now . [ oughtn’t to ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
11. You can’t stay here . [ must ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
12. I need to do the washing up . [ needn’t ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
13. You should drive slowly . [ needn’t ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
14. We have to take the bus . [ not ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
15. We need to go to the supermarket today . [ not ]
………………………………………………………………………………..

5. 5
Unit 9
* New Words :
mathematician a person who studies and teaches numbers .
tailor someone whose job is to adjust, repair and make clothes .
inventor a person who designs or creates something which has never been
made before .
rooster male chicken .
gravity the force which attracts any object to wards the ground .
rotors a part of a machine that spines . The spinning blades of a helicopter .
an oil rig large structure with equipment for removing oil from under the
ground , esp. under the sea .
astronauts a person who has been trained for travelling in a space craft
- bend move the upper part of your body down .
- smash break to small pieces
* Structure
( Relative Pronouns )
( who / which / that )
- James Watt was a scientist who invented a steam engine .
- Ibn El Haytam invented a camera which used light .
- A helicopter is a machine that flies .
* Choose the correct answer :
1. [ An invitation – An inventor – An explorer ] is someone who invents new things
2. Newton was an [ explorer – mathematician – teacher ] .
3. A [ baker – scientist – tailor ] uses a sewing machine .
4. A [ foster – rooster – toaster ] a male chicken .
5. A helicopter has [ rotors – wings – swings ] .
6. Newton discovered [ America – gravity – ability ] .
7. Watt invented a method of copying letters using a special [ pink – ink – milk ] .
8. TVS , radios and cameras are [ inventions – toys – discoveries ] .
9. A[pilot–tailor–mathematician]issomeonewhoisverygoodatcalculating numbers.
10. Thethieves[broke–booked–barked]intothehouseduringthenightandtookthehi.fi.
11. She dropped the plate and it [ smashed – smuggled – smelt ] completely.
12. This is the thief [ who – which – whose ] stole my bag .
13. Dina has a rooster [ who – which – whose ] is dark brown .

6. 6
14. The car hit the boy [ which – who – whose ] was going to school .
15. Ahmed is the boy [ who – which – whom ] runs the fastest .
16. Huda is the girl [ who – which – whom ] smiles a lot .
17. That is the dog [who – which – whose ] bit my sister .
18. My uncle has a cat [ who – which – whom ] is very calm .
19. Snow White ate the apple [ who – which – whom ] was poisonous .
20. Alia is the girl [ which – who – whom ] broke the window .
21. That is the house [ who – whose – that ] Jack built .
22. The farmer [ who – whose – which ] cow got lost in the market was sad .
23. [ Who – Whose – Which ] one of these boys is your friend ?
24. I lost my new camera [ which – who – whose ] was expensive .
25. The picture [ that he drew it – which he drew it – which he drew ] was very nice .
26. Thenewapartment[inwhichwelive–whichwelive–whichweliveinit]isverybig.
* Give one word
1. The spinning blades of a helicopter . ………………………..
2. A person who designs or creates something which has never been made before .
………………………..
3. The force which attracts any object towards the ground . ………………………..
4. Someone whose job to adjust , repair and make clothes . ………………………..
5. A person who studies and teaches numbers . ………………………..
6. Male chicken . ………………………..
7. A space man . ……………………….
8. Something that is used for removing oil from underground , esp. under the sea .
………………………..
* Complete the following sentences :
1. Isaac Newton discovered ………………………………………….
2. …………………. is a male chicken .
3. A helicopter has ………………….. instead of wings .

7. 7
* Re-write the following sentences using the words in brackets :
1. My uncle has a dog . It is very dangerous . [ which ]
……………………………………………………………………
2. Isaac Newton was a mathematician . He discovered gravity . [ who ]
……………………………………………………………………
3. The ox chased the boys . They were playing in the field . [ who]
……………………………………………………………………
4. Mona always eats fish and chips . [ not ]
……………………………………………………………………
5. They were playing football when it rained . [ football ]
……………………………………………………………………
6. The children will go to club next week . [ where ]
……………………………………………………………………
7. A widow is a woman . Her husband is dead . [ whose ]
……………………………………………………………………
8. The police caught the boy . He stole the lady's purse . [ who ]
……………………………………………………………………
9. This is the house . My uncle built it . [ which ]
……………………………………………………………………
10. Alexandria is a nice city . You can enjoy your time there . [ where ]
……………………………………………………………………
11. I fed the cat . Its kittens are black . [ whose ]
……………………………………………………………………
12. They went to the park . It was crowded . [ which ]
……………………………………………………………………
13. She bought a car . [ use : just ]
……………………………………………………………………

8. 8
Unit 10
New Voc. :
cycling : a sport of riding bikes .
skipping : jumping
massage : the action of rubbing someone's body with your hands to make
muscles relax .
weight (n) : heaviness of a stated amount .
weigh (v) : to measure the heaviness of an object .
over weight (adj) : too heavy or fat .
anxious : worried
tense : stressed
diet : aplantoeatonlycertainkindsoffoodforpersonalormedicalreasons.
go on diet
come up with : to think of a certain idea .
cut down on : to make the best use of sth .
cut down : to decreased to make less
plenty : enough or more than enough .
steamed : cooked with steam .
fried : cooked with oil .
boiled : cooked with water .
grilled : cooked by fire .
pant : to breathe quickly.
relieve : (v) to put someone at ease .
tired : exhausted
New Structure
( First & Second Conditional )
* First conditional :
If + present simple will + inf .
Ex.
- If you boil your food you will lose a lot of vitamins .
- She will harm her teeth , if she eats too much sugar .
* Second Conditional :
If + past simple would + inf .

9. 9
Ex.
- If you exercised before bedtime , you would sleep better .
- She would lose weight , if she had a good diet .
I- Choose the correct answer :
1. Meat and fish belong to [ energy food – body building food – fresh fruits ] .
2. Fresh fruits and vegetables contain lots of [ proteins – vitamins – hormones ] .
3. Rice and chocolate bars are [ energy foods – body building food – vegetables ].
4. Dalia is worried [ about – at – over ] her exam results .
5. A [ message – massage – mirage ] is a good way to feel relaxed .
6. Tea , coffee and cola keep you [ sleepy – awake – asleep ] at night .
7. [ Milk – Fruit – Rice ] is a body –building food .
8. If you exercise hard , you will need more [ water – fish – milk ] .
9. Mum is [ cross – crossing – across ] with Adam because he doesn't study well .
10. The doctor told me to get more [ vitamin – vital – visual ] A and C .
11. Coco is a [ fizzy – lazy – noisy ] drink .
12. Smoking can damage your [ health – healthy – heart ] .
13. It's important to [ exercise – exhaust – exist ] regularly .
14. The doctor told her that she was [ over weight – overtake – overall ] and she should do more
exercise.
15. You'll be overweight if you eat [ fried – died – lied ] food .
16. A healthy [ diet – dial – digit ] is a plan to eat only certain kinds of food .
17. He took a deep [ breath – breathe – breast ] and dived into water .
18. People like to [ breathe – breath – breast ] the fresh sea air .
19. She has been trying to lose [ wait – weight – wheat ] for months .
20. If you boil your food , you [ lose – would lose – will lose ] a lot of vitamins .
21. If she had enough money , she [ buy – would buy – will buy ] a camera .
22. We [ will travel – travelled – would travel ] to Luxor if we had enough time .
23. If Tamer [ joins – joined – join ] the team , we will win the match .
24. If you don't sleep well , you [ would have – will have – wouldn't have ] a
headache .
25. If you sleep early , you [ would be – will be – are ] able to wake up early .

10. 10
26. If you [ don't smoke – didn't smoke - doesn't smoke ] , you would feel better .
27. Shewouldn'ttraveltoAmericaifherhusband[staying–stayed–stay]inEgypt.
28. Yournails [wouldn'tlook–won'tlook–aren'tlooking]so terribleifyoudidn'tbitethem.
29. If he [ studies – will study – studied ] hard , he will succeed .
30. If I [ knew – would know – will know ] the answer , I would tell you .
31. He [ gets – will get – got ] very tired , if he works all day .
32. If we did our homework , we [ gave – would give – will give ] it to the teacher .
33. He will buy another one , if he [ lost – will lose – loses ] his mobile phone .
34. If I [ am – were – would be ] rich , I would buy a new flat .
II- Give one word :
1. A plan to eat only certain kinds of food for personal or medical reasons .
……………………….
2. Too heavy or fat . ……………………….
3. The action of rubbing someone's body with your hands to make muscles relax .
……………………….
4. To measure the heaviness of an object . ……………………….
5. To breathe quickly. ……………………….
6. A sport of riding bikes . ……………………….
7. A word which means worried . ……………………….
8. A word which means tired . ……………………….
III- Complete the following sentences :
1. You will lose …………………. . if you boil food .
2. If you gently …………………….. your brother's muscles , he won't be worried .
Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets :
1. The food is salty , so I can’t eat it . [ If ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
2. She doesn’t study hard . She fails her exams . [ If ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
3. If the story is boring, I won’t read it . [ Unless ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
4. If you played with matches , you would burn yourself . [ Unless ]
………………………………………………………………………………..

11. 11
5. She doesn’t practise well ,so she doesn’t win the race . [ If ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
6. He will visit his uncle if he has time . [ Unless ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
7. She will buy this car if she has enough money . [ Unless ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
8. I would do my homework if I understood it . [ Unless ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
9. She gets up late .She doesn’t catch the bus . [ If ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
10. I will take my umbrella if it rains . [ Unless ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
11. She doesn’t sleep early , so she gets up late . [ If ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
12. How heavy does this box weigh ? [ weight ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
13. What’s the height of this tower ? [ How ]
………………………………………………………………………………..

12. 12
Revision A ( Units 8 - 9 - 10 )
Choose :-
1- A recent [ survey – pollution – energy ] found that 58 % of people didn’t know
where their heart is .
2- Did you find [ in – out – on ] what’s going on outside ?
3- Chemicals [ pollutes – pollute – pollution ] the environment .
4- [ Let’s – Shall we – How about ] playing basketball ?
5- We [ have – should – could ] to wear a uniform .
6- They [ don’t need – needn’t – mustn’t ] to wait for a long time .
7- Do you know who the [ inventor – discover – explorer ] of the telephone is ?
8- Armstrungwasthefirst[engineer–astronaut–inventor]whowalkedonthemoon.
9- Without [ oil – air – gravity ] , people would fly .
10- That is the car [ who – which – what ] my father bought last month .
11- A pilot is the person [ which – that – when ] flies planes .
12- That is the house [ where – which – who ] my grandfather lives .
13- This is the garden [ where – which – who ] I play everyday .
14- A [ scientist – cyclist – geologist ] is the person who rides bikes .
15- What is the [ weigh – weighs – weight ] of this bag ?
16- I want to lose weight so I’ll [ went – go – gone ] on a diet .
17- If I were you , I [ would – should – could ] see a doctor .
18- [ If – Unless – Without ] he studied hard , he wouldn’t pass the test .
19- You will understand the lesson if you [ listen – listens – listened ] carefully .
20- He [ will – would – wouldn’t ] come to the party unless I invited him .
21- [ Astronaut – Asteroid – Atmosphere ] is one of many rocky objects
which circle the sun .
22- If I [ had – had had – have ] free time , I would travel around the world .
23- If you [ drove – had driver – would drive ] a little faster , we could get
there by noon .
24- If Ali ever went camping , he [ would find – will find – can find ] it difficult
to survive .
25- I wish I [ am – were – did ] a rich and famous director .
26- I can’t visit America . I wish I [ were – could – would ] go there .
27- When I saw John , I said , “ [ Merry – Funny – Merrily ] Christmas”.
28- My stomach was [ rummaging – running – rumbling ] , I was so hungry .
29- The [ pigeon – parrot – lark ] is a small wild brown bird that sings .
30- I always wear [ goggles – trainers – glass ] to protect the eyes .
31- Both patients have been [ injected – injured – initiated ] with a new drug .
32- Thousands of people could [ stash – starve – eat ] to death .
33- What a [ gigantic – small – ginger ] phone bill , It’s so huge .
34- The dishes [ will – will be – would ] be washed by Mona .

13. 13
Give one word for :-
1- A kind of pens you can fill more than once . ……………………
2- To be interested in something . ……………………
3- Someone who adjust , repair and make clothes . ……………………
4- To break something into small pieces . ……………………
5- Heaviness of a stated amount . ……………………
6- Enough or more than enough . ……………………
Complete :-
1- ……………. green is your school .
2- Amy suggests a …………….. because they need information from the whole
class .
3- ………………… was a scientist who invented a steam engine .
4- A helicopter is a ………………. that doesn’t have wings .
5- If you eat too many sweets , you will harm ……………….
6- You will not get enough …………… if you do not eat fresh food .
Re-write :
1- What about visiting the museum . [ Why don’t ]
…………………………………………………….……………………………….
2- You shouldn’t be noisy . [ ought ]
…………………………………………………….……………………………….
3- You aren’t allowed to smoke in a hospital . [ mustn’t ]
…………………………………………………….……………………………….
4- Where is the pen ? I gave it to you yesterday . [ which ]
…………………………………………………….……………………………….
5- This is a woman . Her purse was stolen . [ whose ]
…………………………………………………….……………………………….
6- That’s a flat . My uncle bought that flat two years ago . [ which ]
…………………………………………………….……………………………….

14. 14
Unit 11
Endangered : sth which is about to disappear , or threatened by danger.
ivory : thehardwhitesubstancefromwhichthetusksofsomeanimalsaremade.
bracelet : a piece of jewellery which is worn around the first or arm .
tusks : longteethgrowingoutsidethemouthofsomeanimalssuchaselephants.
reptile : a slow crawling animal like a snake & lizard .
scholar : onewhohasdoneadvancedstudyinaspecialfieldoralearnedperson.
jade : precious green stone from which jewellery are made .
pearl : the substance which forms a small round object usually white
inside a shell of an oyster .
herbs : atypeofaplantwhoseleavesareusedincookingtogiveflavourtofoodor
whichareusedinmedicine .
landscape : a large area of country side in relation to its appearance .
creature : a living being .
habitat : the natural surroundings in which an animal or a plant usually lives
crane : a tall bird with long thin legs and a long neck . It's a sea bird .
fierce : physically violent , frightening , strong or powerful .
bam boo : a tall tropical grass with hard hollow stems .
extinct : died out
tree bark : a solid part that covers a trunk of a tree .
trap : unable to move or escape from – caught in sth.
wise : someone who behaves well and gives advice to others .
rediscover : to discover again .
cut down forest : reduce .
decorated with : make beautiful .
precious = valuable – very expensive .
* New Structure
( Non – defining relative clauses )
who person When time
which things Where place
* Elephants are the largest land animals . Elephants are in danger .
- Elephants , which are the largest land animals , are in danger .
* My father is the boss of a big company . He is very rich .
- My father , who is the boss of a big company , is very rich .

15. 15
I- Choose the correct answer :
1. The Arctic fox is hunted for its [ tusks – meat – fur ] .
2. Elephants' tusks are made of [ gold – ivory – wood ] .
3. The blue whale and the dolphin have large [ ears – brains – arms ] .
4. The dodo is an [ expensive – extinct – extensive ] bird .
5. The Arctic fox has two [ jackets – shirts – coats ] .
6. [ Scholars – Corals – Hunters ] are wise men who study and collect different
things .
7. The [ panda – crocodile – tortoise ] , which looks like a bear , is killed for its fur .
8. The [ humpback whale – blue whale – dolphin ], which is the largest animal in
the world, is hunted for food and oil .
9. Pandas , elephants and dolphins are [ dangerous – endangered – danger ] animals
10. People kill the blue whale for food and [ ivory – oil – fur ] .
11. A dinosaur is an [ extinct – expensive – exhausted ] animal .
12. The turtle puts its head into its [ shell – sheet – shelter ] .
13. Gold is a [ precious – precise – predict ] metal used for making jewels .
14. [ Tuna – Tune – Tunnel ] is a large sea fish , its meat usually used in cans .
15. Smoking seriously [ endears – endeavours – endangers ] your health .
16. The[Arctic–architect–arch]istheverycoldpartoftheworldaroundtheNorthPole.
17. The blue whale weighs more than 200 [ tons – tones – toner ] .
18. Most diseases are [ related – relaxed – released ] to smoking .
19. A dolphin has a very large [ brain – bracelet – brand ] .
20. She was [ trapped – tripped – trembled ] in the burning house .
21. A crocodile is a large tropical [ reptile – republic – reply ] .
22. These are [ fierce – fibre – fiancé ] dogs .
23. A [ bamboo – jumbo – band age ] is a tall plant with hard hollow stems .
24. There's a nice rural [ landscape – land owner – landlady ] across the River Nile .
25. He is a Latin [ scholar – scholarship – scooter ] .
26. A[scholar–scholarship–schedule]isapersonwhostudiesasubjectandknowsalotaboutit.
27. I think they have made a [ wise – wire – wine ] decision .
28. [ Herbs – Herds – Hens ] are plants added to food to improve its taste .
29. The [ bark – park – barn ] is the material that forms the surface of the wood of a
tree
30. She [ decorated – decreased – declared ] the cake with some cherries .
31. Elephants , [ who – which – whom ] are the largest land animals are in danger .

16. 16
32. The thief , [ who – which – whose ] was in my flat yesterday , stole my camera .
33. Hunters kill the elephants , [ who – which – whom ] is the largest land animal .
34. My suitcase , [ who – which – whom ] is very heavy , weighs 80 kilos .
35. The clown , [ who – which – whom ] works in the circus , is very funny .
36. The humpback whale , [ who – which – whom ] sings in water , is in danger .
37. The airhostess , [ who – which – whose ] helps the pilot on the plane , is very
kind.
38. The children , [ who – whose – which ] were playing in the street , saw the
accident.
39. A dolphin , [ which – who – whose ] is a clever animal , is in danger .
40. I like the hat [ who – which – whose ] Mona is wearing .
41. The sofa [ who – which – whose ] he was sitting on , wasn't comfortable .
42. The police caught the thief [ who – whose – which ] stole the car .
43. The picture [ who – which – whose ] he was drawing was about animals .
44. What was the name of the man [ who – which – whose ] won the prize ?
45. Who met the lady [ who – whose – which ] husband is a businessman .
II- Give one word :
1. The substance which forms a small round object usually white inside the shell
of an oyster . ……………………
2. A tall bird with long thin legs and a long neck . ……………………
3. A person who studies a subject in a great detail and who is clever at learning
by studying . ……………………
4. A large area of countryside in relation to its appearance . ……………………
5. A tall tropical grass with hard hollow stems . ……………………
6. Long teeth growing outside the mouth of some animals such as elephants.
……………………
7. The hard white substance from which the tusks of some animals are made.
……………………
8. A piece of jewellery which is worn around the wrist or arm .
……………………

17. 17
9. A type of a plant whose leaves are used in cooking to give flavour to food .
……………………
10. A solid part that covers a trunk of a tree . ……………………
11. Someone who behaves well and gives advice to others . ……………………
12. The natural surroundings in which an animal or plant usually lives .
……………………
III- Complete the following sentences :
1. The blue whale …………………. 2oo ton .
2. Men kill elephants for their …………………
3. Dinosaurs are now …………………………
4. The ………….. is the material that forms the surface of the wood of a tree .
5. A ………. is a tropical forest with tall trees .
II- Rewrite the following sentences using words in brackets :
1. The blue whale is the largest animal in the world . It weighs more than 2oo tons .
[ which ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. Dolphins are related to whales . They are found all over the world . [ which ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. My sister is very rich . She buys a car every year . [ who ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. Hunters kill the blue whale . They want its meat and oil . [ who ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. Elephants ' tusks are made of ivory . Ivory is very expensive . [ which ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. Mr. Wilson has a son . His son is very clever . [who ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. The Arctic fox lives in the North Pole. It has two coats . [ which ]
……………………………………………………………………………………

18. 18
8. The Ink Monkey is a tiny animal . It helps scholars with their work . [ which ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
9. The thief is very clever . He robbed the bank alone . [ who ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
10. Some hunters killed the dodo . It is now extinct . [ which ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
11. Dalia goes to her uncle once a week . [ How …. ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
12. I often sleep early . [ not ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
13. Ali is a naughty boy . He had an accident last night . [ who ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
14. The film was boring I saw it last night . [ which ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
15. The car is very expensive . She is driving it . [ which ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
16. He has just written the letter . [ not]
……………………………………………………………………………………
17. He has been in France since 1997 . [ How …. ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
18. The girl was pretty . Her leg was broken . [ whose ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
19. The house has been repaired . Its roof was damaged . [ which]
……………………………………………………………………………………
20. Any man is a fool . He belives your story . [ who ]
……………………………………………………………………………………

19. 19
Unit 12
stilts : long pieces of wood or metal used to support a building so that it becomes
above the ground or water .
inuits : People who live in the icy northern areas of North America .
igloo : a circular house made of blocks of hard snow .
nomad : People who live in the deserts move from one place to another .
parlour : a room in a private house used for relaxing or entertaining guests .
breeze : a light and pleasant wind .
apartment : a large flat with many rooms.
merchant : a person who buys and sells .
pack : to collect things that you need in a suitcase for traveling.
scarce : rare .
adobe : mixtureofearthandstraw[driedgrass]madeintobricksandusedtobuildhouses.
weave : to make cloth by using threads .
steep : (of a slope ) rising or falling at a sharp angle .
slide off : to cause to move smooth over a surface .
* New Structure
Reported Speech
* Reported information
- Ali said to Ahmed " I go to school by bus ."
- Ali told Ahmed that he went to school by bus .
Present simple past simple
I he , she
My his , her
We they
Our their
You he , she [ him – her ]
Your his , her
In the reported speech we usually make the following changes :
now then
today that day
yesterday the previous day- the day before .
this morning / year that morning ……….
tomorrow the next day / the following day
last week the previous week
next week the following week

20. 20
* Reported commands
- Ali said to Ahmed " Bring some heavy clothes ! "
- Ali told Ahmed to bring some heavy clothes .
- Dina said to Mona " Don't forget your school bag ! "
- Dina told Mona not to forget her school bag .
I- Choose the correct answer :
1. Ifyouwanttoslideonthesnow,youshouldhaveapairof[trainers–sandals–skis].
2. I usually put my money in a small [ wallet – book – computer ] .
3. Somehouseshave[steeproofs–whitewalls–stilts]sothatthesnowcanslideoff
4. Some houses are painted white to [ affect – reflect – detect ] the sun .
5. The Inuit people live in [ the Arctic – the desert – the sea ] .
6. The nomads live in [ the Arctic – the desert – the sea ] .
7. TheInuitpeopleliveinhousesmadeofsnow,whicharecalled[adobehuts–tents–igloos]
8. The Sultan lives in a [ hut – palace – tent ] .
9. InSouthAmericapeoplelivein[igloos–tents–adobehuts]whicharemadeofmudbricks.
10. A thief stole my [ shirt – wallet – jumper ] from my packet yesterday .
11. This lake isn't deep , it's [ large – wide – shallow ] .
12. The fields were washed away by [ floods – floors – flocks ] .
13. Some native Americans live in [ teepees – tents – huts ] .
14. A [ skyscraper – sky diving – sky light ] is a very tall building in the city .
15. [Sandals–Sandcastles–Sanddunes]arelightopenshoesthatyouwearinwarmweather.
16. My [ apartment – house – villa ] is in the 5th
floor .
17. Backingham[flat–house–palace]isalargehousewhereakingandaqueenlives.
18. The guests are sitting in the [ parlour – parallel – parasite ] .
19. Becausethere'salotof raininAsiapeoplebuildhouseson[stilts–stones–concrete].
20. It's dangerous to drive on a [ steep – steam – steel ] road .
21. The spider is [ weaving – wedding – weeping ] its web .
22. [ Roll up – Roll out – Roll in ] your sleeves , they are too long .
23. We like to go to the beach to enjoy the [ breeze – brick – breed ] .
24. [ Boots – Trainers – Sandals ] are kind of shoes worn for sports .
25. Farah told Dina that she [ buys – bought – buy ] a new shirt .
26. I told my mother [ to – that – if ] I went to school on foot .

21. 21
27. Adham told me to [ take – took – takes ] his umbrella .
28. Dina told me [ to forget – not to forget – forgot ] my wallet .
29. Heba told me that everyone [ go – went – gone ] to the party .
30. Sam said to Joe that [ he – I – she ] slept for a long time .
31. HousesinSwitzerlandhavesteeproofs[because–sothat–to]snowcanslideoff.
32. I took my umbrella with me [ because – so that – to ] it was very hot .
33. Some houses are painted white [ because – so that – to ] they can reflect the sun .
34. They told her [ don't – not to – didn't ] attend the party .
35. He advised us [ to work – work – worked ] faster .
36. Rana told me that she [ want – wanted – wants ] to eat biscuits .
37. Thedoctortoldmethat[hishealth–myhealth–herhealth]wouldimproveveryquickly.
II- Give one word :
1. People who move from one place to another . ……………………
2. A light and pleasant wind . ……………………
3. A small vehicle for travelling on water . ……………………
4. Mixture of earth straw [ dried grass ] made into bricks and used to build houses .
……………………
5. A Group of people who live in the icy northern areas of North America.
……………………
6. Rising or falling at a sharp angle . ……………………
7. A person who buys and sells . ……………………
8. A room in a private house used for relaxing or entertaining guest
.…………………
9. A large flat . ……………………
10. Long pieces of wood or metal used to support a building so that it is
above the ground or water . ……………………
11. A circular house made of blocks of hard snow . ……………………
12. To cause to move smoothly over a surface . ……………………

22. 22
III- Complete the following sentences :
1. In crowded Hong Kong , some people live in …………….
2. In hot countries , some houses are painted white to ……. ……………..
3. In Asia , some houses are built on ……………. because there is a lot of rain .
4. The Inuit people build houses from …………. which are called igloos .
5. A …………………… is someone who visits a place or a person .
II- Rewrite the following sentences :
1. Fred said to Amr " I can see Mr. Ali and his wife [ Fred told ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. Dina said to Mona " I want to go to the circus ." [ Dina told ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. Hany said to Ahmed " We work very hard in my company ." [ Hany told ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. Mona said " I like my parents very much " [ that ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. Mona said to Radwa " Don't forget your lunch box " [ Mona told ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. Mark said to Joe " Bring your umbrella " [ Mark told ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. The boy said " I ride my bike every morning " [The boy said that ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
8. Ahmed said to Waleed " Don't open the window ." [ Ahmed told ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
9. Father said to Sami " Take the car to the mechanic ." [ Father told ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
10. The children said to me " Be careful " [Thechildrentold..]
……………………………………………………………………………………
11. The Mechanic said " My workshop needs cleaning .[The mechanic said that]
……………………………………………………………………………………
12. He said to me " Don't touch it . You will make it worse " [ He told me .. ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
13. Toka said " It's expensive to travel by air. " [ that ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
14. " I'm going away tomorrow , mother " [ He told … ]
……………………………………………………………………………………

23. 23
Unit 13
ancient : very old .
emerald : a bright green precious stone which is often used in jewellery .
shell : thehardoutercoveringofsomethingespeciallynuts,eggsandsomeanimals.
shield : alargecurvedpieceofmetal,wood,plastic..etc.usedbysoldiersforprotection.
mineral : any substance which is mined .
mine : (v) to dig up or remove from the ground .
pirate : a person who sails on the sea and uses force to steal from other
ships .
money pouch : a bag for keeping money .
helmet : a strong hard hat that covers and protects the head .
sword : a weapon with a long sharp metal blade and a handle .
magnificent : very good , beautiful or to be admired .
crew : agroupofpeoplewhoworktogetherespeciallyonashiporanaircraft.
raid : attack .
value : to consider it important .
turquoise : a precious greenish – blue stone .
* New Structure
[ Present Perfect Passive ]
Ex.
- The pirates have found a treasure chest .
A treasure chest has been found by the pirates .
- People have never found oil on the moon .
Oil has never been found on the moon .
- present simple passive am – is – are + the past participle of the verb .
- past simple passive was – were + the past participle of the verb .
- present continuous passive am
is being + the past participle off the verb
are
- past continuous passive was
being + the past participle of the verb.
were
- present perfect simple passive has been + the past participle of the verb .
have been
- future ‘will’ passive will be + the past participle of the verb.

24. 24
I- Choose the correct answer :
1. [ Oil – Silver – Emerald ] is often called black gold .
2. Pearls are found [ in rocks – underground – under the sea ] .
3. A [ captain – pirate – merchant ] is a violent thief who attacks ships .
4. A [ fork – spoon – sword ] looks like a long knife .
5. [ Shells – Diamonds – Pearls ] are the hardest minerals .
6. Gold , silver , diamond and pearls are [ pleasures – treasures – measures ] .
7. The pharaohs kept their treasures in their [ cares – tombs – houses ] .
8. Pirates were called " cut throats " because they killed their enemies with [ guns –
pistols – swords ] .
9. [ Iron – Gold – Silver ] has been used in horse shoes .
10. The pirate buried his treasure and wrote a [ letter – coded message – biography ] .
11. A [ chest – chess – chief ] is a large strong box we use to keep things in .
12. My mother is wearing a [ pearl – peanut – peak ] necklace .
13. A [ pirate – pistol – pipe ] is a sailor who attacks ships to steal things from them .
14. Who has taken the money ? It was a [ mystery – muscle – muter ] .
15. We all wore [ masks – masses – masters ] at the party .
16. A [ hunter – husband – hunger ] is someone who hunts wild animals .
17. The ship was wrecked and all its [ crew – crop – crisp ] were killed .
18. [Pearl–Peanut–Peak]isavaluablesmallwhiteroundobjectthatformsinside anoyster.
19. Your help has been of great [ value – valuable – van ] .
20. A[crown–crowd–crow]isaspecialhatmadeofjewelswornbyakingor aqueen.
21. This is a picture of a knight carrying a sword in one hand and a [ shield –
shepherd – shelf ] in the other hand .
22. Troops [ raided – raised – rained ] the village at dawn .
23. There's a [ magnificent – magnetic – magician ] painting in my office .
24. Gold [ has used – had used – has been used ] for masks .
25. A treasure chest has been [ find – profound – found ] on a desert island .
26. Shells [ has – have – had ] been used as money since ancient times .
27. A computer has been [ used – uses – using ] in difficult sums .
28. Where has the thief [ caught – been caught – catches ] ?
29. The children [ have studied – has studies – have been studied ] their lesson .
30. Oil [ has never been – never has been – has been never ] found on the moon .
31. [Youhaveeverbeen–Haveyoueverbeen–Haveyoubeenever]given adiamond?

25. 25
32. [ Has ever she been – Has she been ever – Has she ever been ] given a diamond ?
33. Some careless pupils [ has been – been – have been ] punished .
34. A dragon [ has been – have never been – has never been ] seen up till now .
35. An apple [ eats – have been eaten – has been eaten ] by the mechanic .
36. The car [ has repaired – has been repaired – repaired ] by the mechanic .
37. The boys have just [ complete – been completed – completed ] their work .
28. A bridge [ built – has built – has been built ] since 1994 .
II- Give one word :
1. The hard outer covering of something especially nuts , eggs and some animals .
……..……………..
2. Very good , beautiful or to be admired . ……..……………..
3. A group of people who work together especially on a ship or an aircraft .
……..……………..
4. A large curved piece of metal , wood , plastic ..etc used by soldiers for protection
……..……………..
5. Any substance which is mined . ……..……………..
6. A bag for keeping money . ……..……………..
7. To dig up or remove from the ground . ……..……………..
8. A person who sails on the sea and uses force to steal from other ships .…………..
9. To consider it important . ……..……………..
10. A bright green precious stone which is often used in jewellary .
……..……………..
III- Complete the following sentences :
1. Pirates used to …………………..…….. ships and rob them .
2. Some people believe that Buzzard buried the greatest …………..…. of all time .
3. Oil is often called ……………………….………
4. My mother is wearing a ………………..……….. necklace .
5. Diamonds are the hardest ……………….……………
6. A …………………….….. is made of jewels worn by a king .

26. 26
II- Rewrite the following sentences using the words between brackets :
1. The boy has found a gold ring . [ A gold … ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. The pirates have buried the treasure chest . [ The treasure ….. ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. The surveyors have measured the forest . [ The forest …….. ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. Some engineers have found a new oil field . [ A new … ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. The police have caught the thief . [ The thief ….. ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. Eagles have been seen in these mountains . [ use : never ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. The thief has been caught by the police . [ not ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
8. The girl has washed the dishes . [ The dishes ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
9. An earthquake has destroyed the village . [ The village ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
10. He has sent us an e-mail . [ An e-mail ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
11. I have collected some stamps . [ Some stamps ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
12. The children have drunk milk . [ Milk ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
13. The cold wind has frozen my face . [ My face ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
14. The teacher has explained the new vocab . [ The new …. ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
15. Ali usually reads stories . [ read ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
16. William Shakespeare wrote Hamelt . [ by ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
17. They will buy new computers . [ be ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
18. My father is driving his car now . [ being ]
……………………………………………………………………………………

27. 27
Revision on (Units 11- 12 and 13)
Choose the correct answer :
1- The [ lion – crocodile – blue – whale ] is the largest sea animal .
2- People kill whales for their [ skin – oil – coats ] .
3- The [ Arctic fox – bear – gorilla ] has two coats .
4- People hunt elephants for their [ fur – tusks – oil ] .
5- The woman [ who – which – whose ] lives next door is a doctor .
6- Where is the cheese [ who – which – whose ] was in the fridge ?
7- Chinese scholars were known [ for – to – in ] collecting things which they needed
for their work .
8- My daughter’s desk was covered [ to – with – by ] interesting things .
9- Omar [ told – said – says ] me to bring my gloves .
10- Rana [ told – said – says ] that she had a party .
11- David said I met my friend [ yesterday – today – the previous day ] .
12- Mahmoud says that my sister [ plays – played – had played ] the piano
beautifully .
13- The Inuit people live in houses made of snow , which are called [ cottages – tents
– igloos ] .
14- In Switzerland houses have [ steep roofs – white walls – stilts ] so that the snow
can slide off .
15- [ Diamond – Silver – Gold ] is the hardest minerals .
16- Oliver Twist [ has been written – wrote – was written ] by Charles Dickens .
17- A [ captain – cabin bay – pirate ] is someone who attacks ships .
18- [ Diamond – turquoise – pearl ] is a precious greenish –blue stone .
19- The ship was wrecked and all its [ crew – visitors – pilots ] were killed .
20- Rana told me that she [ want – wanted – wants ] to eat biscuits .
Give one word :-
1- Long teeth growing outside the mouth of the elephant . ………………….
2- Someone who has done advanced study in a special field .………………….
3- People who live in the icy North areas of North America . ………………….
4- A circular house made of blocks of hard snow . …………………..
5- A weapon with a long sharp metal blade and a handle . …………………..
6- A bag for keeping money . ………………..

28. 28
Complete :-
1- A …….. is a person who sails on the sea and uses force to steal from other ships .
2- ……………… is a bright green precious stone .
3- A …………….. is a room in a house for guests .
4- In Asia , some houses are built on …………. because there is a lot of rain .
5- The ……………… is the material that farms the surface of the wood of a tree .
6- The Arctic Fox has two …………………
Rewrite :-
1- My sister is very clever . She always gets the full marks . [ who ]
…………………………………………………………………………………
2- Mona said to Omar “ Don’t play with matches” . [ Mona told ]
…………………………………………………………………………………
3- Ahmed has drawn a picture . [ been ]
…………………………………………………………………………………
4- Sarah has just travelled to London . [ yet ]
…………………………………………………………………………………
5- Mahamoud is going to travel to London . [ Where ]
…………………………………………………………………………………
6- Noha has bought a new car . [ What ]
…………………………………………………………………………………
7- Hoda is making Pizza now . [ Pizza ]
…………………………………………………………………………………
8- Ali saw an accident yesterday . [ just ]
…………………………………………………………………………………
9- Soha said “ I will go to the cinema tomorrow” [ Soha said that ]
…………………………………………………………………………………
10- The teacher has explained the new lesson . [ The new lesson ]
…………………………………………………………………………………
Composition :
Write a paragraph of six sentences on the following topic “ Friendship”
time in need – helpful – honest – difficulties – cooperative – hard time
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………

29. 29
Unit 14
Vocab. :
ocean : a very large area of sea , usually separating continents .
project : a piece of work involving research and study of a particular subject .
a threat : (n) a warning that something may happen .
oil spill : when oil comes out of a ship and causes pollution .
oil tanker : a ship that transports huge amounts of oil .
pollution : making the air , water or soil dirty and dangerous .
rubbish : the things that people throw away because they don't need them .
tentacles : long thin parts of a sea animal , used for holding things .
enemy : something or someone that is not friendly to you and wants to harm you .
Structure
1- We usually introduce reported questions with “ask” and the expression
want to know.”
2- Follow the word order of affirmative sentences subj+v. + ob.
3- The reported question begins with the same question word .” Who –
which – what – where – when – how”
4- When the direct question begins with “ Do – Does – Did – Have / Has
… etc) , start the reported question with if or whether .
Examples :
1- “ What are you doing?” she asked . She wanted to know what I was
doing .
2- “ Do you like coffee ?” he asked . He asked me if I liked coffee .
3- “ Who is your teacher ?” he asked me. He asked me sell your old car
last month?”
4- “ Did you sell your old car last month?” Jack asked his aunt if /
whether she had sold her old car the previous month .
Choose :
1. An /A [ Pond – Lake – ocean ] is a very big sea .
2. Cars , buses and trains are means of [ transplant – transport – translation ] .
3. So many [ foresters – tourists – soldiers ] visit the pyramids everyday .
4. Squids have arms which are called [ toes – fingers – tentacles ] .
5. Some animals are [ dangers – edible – poisonous ] , which means we can eat them
6. The [ crab – jellyfish – starfish ] has a hard shell .
7. Cigarettes , cars and buses [ pollute – develop – solve ] the environment .

30. 30
8. Oil tankers sometimes spill [ sticky black oil – black sticky oil – sticky oil black ]
into the sea .
9. There are only five [ seas – rivers – oceans ] in the world .
10. Oil can cover the [ heads – feathers – tails ] of birds so they can't fly .
11. Oil [ tankers – beaches – oceans ] sometimes spill sticky , black oil into the sea .
12. Cutting down too many trees destroys the [ project – environment – oceans ] .
13. People [ do – pollute – bite ] beaches by dumping rubbish .
14. Plastic bags can [ trap – bite – tide ] animals .
15. A[quiz–project–ocean]isanactivityinwhichstudentscollectinformation aboutsomething.
16. The box is full of old papers , broken toys and other [ rubbish – spills – tentacles ]
17. Pollution causes a major [ scene – sight – threat ] to our environment .
18. [ Fool – Silly – Intelligent ] students understand very quickly .
Complete :
1. Plastic bags …………………… sea animals .
2. ……………………. sometimes spill sticky black oil into the sea .
3. Planes , trains and buses are different types of ……………………
4. ……………….. covers 70 percent of the earth .
5. People need oceans for ………………… and ……………..
Give one word :
1. The activity in which students collect information about something .
…………….
2. Things that you don't want and throw away . …………….
3. Making the air , water or soil dirty . …………….
4. A person or country wants to harm you . …………….
5. The world in which we live . …………….
Re- write :
1. The teacher said " How old is that ship ?" [ The teacher asked ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. My father said " What is the name of that street ?" [ My father wondered ]
……………………………………………………………………………………

31. 31
3. The tourist said " Why is the water so dirty ?" [ The tourist asked ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. Mum said " What are the children doing ?" [ Mum wondered ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. The policeman said " Why is that man running away ?"
[ The policeman asked ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. Amal said to Ali " Have you got the full mark in the test ?"
[ Amal asked ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. The teacher said to Amr " Did you bring your homework ?"
[ The teacher asked ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
8. She said to her mother " Do you like pizza ?" [ If ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
9. I asked Rasha " Can you speak English well ?" [ I asked Rasha " If "]
……………………………………………………………………………………
10. Hend asked " Will you come with me to the park?" Soha .[ If ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
11. The teacher said " How much does a dolphin weigh ?" [ The teacher asked ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
12. Alex said " How many oceans are there ?" [ Alex wondered ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
13. She said to me " Have you corrected you’re your exercise ?"
[ She asked me ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
14. Ahmed said " Omar , what is the fisherman doing ?"
[ Ahmed asked ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
15. Sarah said to Reham " Will you be in class tomorrow ?"
[ Sarah wanted to know ]
……………………………………………………………………………………

32. 32
16. Mona said to Ali " Bring my purse from the bedroom ." [ Mona told ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
17. Amir said to me " I will go to the cinema with my father ."
[ Amir told ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
18. Dad said " Did you like your first day at school ?"
[ Dad wanted to know if ]
……………………………………………………………………………………

33. 33
Unit 15
Vocab. :
drown : to die because of being unable to breathe under water .
crush : to damage something by squeezing it very hard .
bury : to put something in the ground and cover it over .
poison : a substance that can kill or harm an animal , a plant or human .
freeze–froze–frozen:toreachsuchalow,coldtemperaturethataliquidbecomesasolid.
fossils : the remains of a plant or an animal that died many years ago .
comet : a huge ball of dust , ice and gases that travels around the sun .
asteroid : one of many rocky objects which circle the sun .
evidence : a proof that something has happened .
theory : an idea about how or why something happens or will happen .
peninsula : a piece of land almost completely surrounded by water .
Italy is a peninsula .
tidal : the regular change in the level of the sea , which happenes twice a day .
New Structure :
( Third Conditional )
If ( past perfect ) ( would have ) + p. p.
- If an asteroid had hit the earth , it would have killed the dinosaurs .
- I would have been on time , if the traffic hadn't been so bad .
Choose :
1. Ifrockshadfallenonthedinosaurs,theywouldhavebeen[burned–frozen–buried].
2. Many people have [ drowned – frozen – burned ] in the flood .
3. Scientists have found a lot about dinosaurs from [ fossils – monuments – books ]
which are old and hard bones .
4. [ Tiny – Medium – Enormous ] means very big .
5. Comets and asteroids come from [ the sun – space – the moon ] .
6. [ Fishes – Fossils – Missiles ] are very old bones which are now hard .
7. After the thief had stolen the watch , he [ appeared – disappeared – screamed ] .
8. If you drink dirty water , you will be [ happy – poisoned – satisfied ] .
9. When someone dies , we [ arrest – marry – bury ] him .
10. If it had got very cold , the dinosaurs would have been [ burned – fired – frozen ].
11. Iftherehadbeen[floods–earthquakes–volcanoes],thedinosaurswouldhavedrowned.

34. 34
12. Ifanasteroidhadhittheearth,therewouldhavebeen[earthquakes–floods–forests].
13. Water boils at a [ temperature – temple – tentacles ] of 100° .
14. Lightning set the forests on [ smoke – fire – light ] .
15. If the water [ was – is – had been ] poisoned , the dinosaurs would have died .
16. If a comet had hit the Earth , dinosaurs [ would die – will die – would have died ]
17. If you [ was – is – had been ] to China , we would have met together .
18. Mona[willbuy -wouldbuy–wouldhavebought]acomputerifshehadenoughmoney.
19. Dinosaurswouldhave[beenfrozen–beenburned–beencrushed],iftheforestshadcaughtfire.
20. Iftheboyhaddrunkthedirtywater,it[willpoison–wouldhavepoisoned–wouldpoison]him.
21. If it had got very cold , dinosaurs would have been [ frozen – buried – burned ] .
22. If the pharaohs hadn't built the pyramids , many tourists [ wouldn't have come –
wouldn't come – won't come ] to Egypt .
23. If you go to school , you [ will meet – would meet – would have met ] Mona .
24. I [ helped – would have helped – will help ] him , if he had been polite .
Complete :
1. Fossils are very old ……………………….
2. The …………………… were the largest land animals ever .
3. A person who studies or practises science is a…………………..
4. Scientists have found more …………………… for the asteroid …………..
5. There were huge ………………….. waves .
6. ………………….. covered the sun .
7. The forest …………………… fires .
8. The ground shook because of the …………………
Give one word :
1. To damage something by squeezing it very hard ……..……….……..
2. The old remains of a plant or an animal ………..……………
3. A proof that something had happened ……..……………..
4. To put something underground ……..……………..
5. A piece of land completely surrounded by water ……..……………..

35. 35
Correct the verbs between brackets :
1. If the rocks had fallen on the dinosaurs , they [ be bury ]…………………….….
2. If there had been floods , the dinosaurs [ drown] ……………………………….
3. The teacher wouldn't have punished you , if you [ do ] your H.W.
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. Earthquakes [ cause ] tidal waves, if an asteroid had hit the Earth .
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. You [ meet ] him if you had come earlier .
……………………………………………………………………………………
Rewrite using " If " :
1. The team didn't win the match because they didn't train hard .
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. They didn't pass the exam because they didn't study hard .
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. She was very happy because she learned to speak French .
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. She arrived home late because the traffic was crowded .
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. It began to rain , so they decided not to go to the beach .
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. We didn't go to her birthday party as she didn't invite us .
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. I arrived home late so I didn't do the homework .
……………………………………………………………………………………
8. Dina's mother didn't agree so she didn't go to America .
……………………………………………………………………………………

36. 36
Unit 16
Vocab. :
Olympics : a sporting competition for athletes from countries all over the world
, held every four years .
chess : a board game for two people . the winner is the person who takes
the other player's king .
breeze : a gentle wind .
winding down : to turn in a curving way .
merry : happy
gale : a strong wind .
rumble : to make a long low noise .
burrow : an animal's underground home .
water skiing : a kind of sports when someone skis on the surface of sea water .
lark : a small wild brown bird that sings .
chat : a friendly talk .
New Structure :
( I wish ……….. )
I wish + past ( to describe – to present ) state .
Ex: I wish I could play chess = I can't play chess .
I wish I lived in the country = I don't live there now .
I wish I didn't have spots = I have spots now .
Choose :
1. A lark is a little singing [ animal – bird – chorus ] .
2. I like sports very much . I wish I could go to the [ beach – cinema – Olympics ] .
3. I don't like the city . I wish I lived in the [ sea – country – ocean ] .
4. I like playing [ tennis – football – chess ] , because it needs a lot of thinking .
5. A leopard has [ stripes – spots – spikes ] on his body .
6. Ifarabbitwenttothecountry,itwouldfind[afew–many–plenty]ofgrassandcarrots.
7. Rabbits , rats and foxes live in [ burrows – houses – boxes ] .
8. MariamandNohaare[sleeping–cheating–chatting].Theyarespeakingaboutdifferentthings.
9. My favourite [ subject – sport – story ] is water skiing .
10. I live in the country . It is so [ noisy – quiet – busy ] .
11. My [ chin – wit – wish ] is to pass the final exam .
12. [ Popcorn – Olympics – Chess ] is an international sport competition which take
place every four years .

37. 37
13. I wish I [ can – will – could ] play football .
14. I wish I [ live – lived – living ] near the school .
15. I wish I [ have – had – has ] a bike .
16. I wish my mother [ wasn't – isn't – hadn't ] so strict .
17. I wish I [ can – could – shall ] get a cheeseburger sandwich .
18. The baby is crying . I wish it [ stop – would stop – stops ] .
19. Mary wishes she [ is – will be – was ] in sixth primary .
20. Ayman wishes he [ finds – found – finding ] the rat .
21. The weather is so hot . I wish it [ is – will – was ] cool .
22. We can't join the basketball team . I wish I [ is – was – am ] taller .
23. She wishes she [ lives – will live – lived ] in the countryside .
24. Mary wishes she [ had – has – have ] a radio .
25. Harry wishes he [ is – was – was being ] a sailor .
26. I wish I [ can – could be – can ] a doctor when I grow up .
Give one word :
1. A very strong wind . ……..……………..
2. An international sports competition which takes place every four years .
……..……………..
3. To make a hole in the ground as a home . ……..……………..
4. A light gentle wind . ……..……………..
5. A friendly talk . ……..……………..
6. To make a long low noise . ……..……………..
Complete :
1. I ………….. I lived in the country .
2. There is a cool ………………. blowing from the west .
3. A sailing boat sank in the river because a strong …………. blew .
4. She's a …………………… girl . She is always happy .
5. There is a …………… food you can get whatever you like .
Correct the verbs between brackets :
1. I don't have a pair of jeans . I wish I [ have ] a new pair .
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. She's very short . She wishes she (be ) tall .
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. He doesn't have a motorbike . He [ wish ] he [ have ] one .
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. I'm very poor . I wish I [ be ] rich .
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. I want to visit London . I wish I [ visit ] London one day .
……………………………………………………………………………………

38. 38
Rewrite :
1. I'm very fat . [ I wish ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. Tom has spots in his face . [ Tom wishes ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. Sue lives in the country . [ Sue wishes ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. It's very cold today . [ I wish ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. We don't have a pet . [ I wish ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. She said to me " When did you go to the zoo ?" [ She asked me ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. They would have won if ………………………….. [ practiced ]
8. The dog chased the cat . This dog is mine . [ which]
……………………………………………………………………………………
9. My father saves money to buy a car . [ so that ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
10. In case of doing your work , you won't be punished . [ If ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
11. The teacher has collected the sheets . [ The sheets ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
12. I want to be an artist . [ I wish ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
13. I don't have enough money to buy a mobile . [ I wish ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
14. She cut her finger . [ not ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
15. These trainers are so expensive . [ He wishes ]
……………………………………………………………………………………

39. 39
Revision ( Units 14 – 15 – 16 )
Choose :-
1- [ The Indian Ocean – Naser lake – The Nile River ] is one the five very large
areas of water in the world .
2- The students collected information on [ a study – research – a project ] on
pollution .
3- The octopus has long [ trunks – toes – tentacles ] like arms .
4- The teacher asked who [ didn’t – not – wasn’t ] answer the question .
5- He wanted to know [ if he would – if would he – would he ] be in Alex tomorrow
6- The storm destroyed the ship and all the crew [ burned – drowned – killed ] .
7- The police couldn’t find an [ evidence – opinion – answer ] doesn’t sleep at night
[ If ]
8- You will need a lot of water because you will exercise hard .
9- The thief can’t break into my house because I am careful . [ unless ]
10- Mona won’t visit her aunt because the weather won’t be fine . [ unless ]
* Write of not less than seven sentences on the following topic :-
“ Heavy traffic in large cities”.
heavy traffic – traffic lights – traffic jam – following rules – accidents –
ambulance – mad drivers – late for work .
Re-write :-
1- The tourist asked me “ What language do you speak?” [ wanted to know ]
…………………………………………………….……………………………….
2- The teacher asked Mona if she had done her homework . [ Did ]
…………………………………………………….……………………………….
3- Mother said “ what are you doing now ?” [ asked ]
…………………………………………………….……………………………….
4- Sam didn’t do his homework so the teacher punished him . [ If ]
…………………………………………………….……………………………….
5- If my father had driven slowly , he wouldn’t have had an accident . [ because ]
…………………………………………………….……………………………….
6- If it hadn’t begun to rain , they would have decided to go to the beach . [ unless ]
…………………………………………………….……………………………….
7- I don’t have any toys . [ wish ]
…………………………………………………….……………………………….
8- I’m not very rich . [ I wish ]
…………………………………………………….……………………………….
9- I wish I had some popcorn . [ Don’t ]
…………………………………………………….……………………………….
10- I lived in the village . [ I wish / didn’t ]
…………………………………………………….……………………………….

40. 40
* Write a paragraph of six sentences on the following topic :-
“ The importance of learning English .”
Helping words :-
An international language – important meeting – TV news – papers and
magazines – the habits of other countries – the language of computers .
* Give one word for :-
1- A warning that something may happen . ……………………
2- Someone that is not friendly to you and he wants to harm you . ……………………
3- A huge ball of oust , ice and gases that travels around the sun .……………………
4- The regular change in the level of the see . ……………………
5- A board game for two people . The winner is the person who takes the other player’s
king . ……………………
6- An animal’s underground home . ……………………
7- A line of light shining from bright object . ……………………
8- A small piece of medicine that’s swallowed . ……………………
Complete :-
1- There are ……….. oceans in the world .
2- Water covers ……………. of the Erath .
3- Over the last ………………….. scientist have found out a lot about dinosaurs .
4- Asteroids and ……………… travel very fast .
5- Larks can’t …………….. nor rabbits fly .
6- It’s ……………….. and dark under the ground .
7- School will be built of …………. in the future .
8- In the future computers will be controlled by ……………….

41. 41
Unit 17
screen : a flat surface onto which moving images are projected .T.v. screen .
field trip : a trip in which students learn about something at first hand .
beam (n) : a line of light shining from bright object .
satellite : anartificialdeviceinspacethatreceivesandtransmitsinformationaroundtheworld.
goggles : special glasses worn to protect the eyes .
pill : a small piece of medicine that is swallowed .
injection : giving someone medicine by a needle .
seaweed : dark green plant growing in the sea .
greenhouse : a building made mainly of glass , used for growing plants .
starve : to suffer or die from lack of food .
gigantic : huge or enormous .
( Future Simple Passive )
Will be + P.P.
Ex: Mona will eat the Pizza .
Pizza will be eaten by Mona .
Choose :
1. The children went on a [ farm trip – field trip – step ] to the High Dam .
2. [ Agriculture – Industry – Trade ] is growing different crops on a piece of land .
3. Everyday a lot of people [ carve – serve – starve ], they die of hunger .
4. The car is going into a [ fountain – tunnel – bridge ] under the ground .
5. Divers wear [ glasses – goggles – binoculars ] so that they can see things
underwater
6. That spaceship is gigantic . This means it's [ tiny – small – enormous ] .
7. My little brother is sick . The doctor gave him an[ injection - election – infection ]
8. T.V. channels are beamed to us by [ moon – satellite – radio ] .
9. [ Seaweed – Seagull – Season ] is a plant which grows near the sea .
10. Blackboard will be [ sold – replaced – written ] by huge T.V. screens .
11. [Satellites–Planets–Classrooms]willbedifferent.Studentswillsitatgroupdesks.
12. Computers will be [ controlled – taken – built ] by voice .
13. Students will be taken on [ farm – field – plant ] trips to outer space and they will
learn about other planets .
14. In the future , people will be able to live in underwater [ cities – beds –
computers ]
15. [Screens–Robots–Satellites]willdomostoftheworkthatpeopleusedtodointhepast.

42. 42
16. Mirrors are made of [ plastic – wood – glass ] .
17. ThefinalfootballmatchwillbebeamedlivefromGermanyby[sight–machine–satellite].
18. You'd better wear a pair of [ files – gloves – goggles ] when you swim .
19. Most farmers grow vegetables in [ space stations – pills – green houses ] .
20. The patient felt better after he had taken the [ idea – system – injection ] .
21. Schools [ will build – will be built – is building ] of glass in the future .
22. The homework [ is doing – will be done – was done ] tomorrow .
23. Will teachers [ helped – be helped – help ] by robots ?
24. The match [ is playing – will be played – will play ] at 6.00 .
25. Those boots need [ clean – cleans – cleaning ] .
26. Your long nails need [ cut – cutting – cuts ] .
27. The chicken will be [ eat – ate – eaten ] if you don't come .
28. In the future , planes [ are flown – will be flown – have been flown ] by robots .
29. The baby wants [ looks after – looking after – look after ] .
30. Books [ will replace – won't be replaced – would replace ] by computers .
31. Writing [ won't be done – won't do – is going to do ] by pencils .
32. Seaweed [ is using – is being used – will use ] as food .
Complete :
1. People may travel through …………… under the sea .
2. We might have to eat ……………………….
3. Astronauts travel into space in ………………….
4. People in south Africa are dying because of ….. they can't find any thing to cat .
5. This T.V. ………. is fourteen inches .
6. He's wearing a pair of swimming ……………….
Change into passive :
1. I will invite my friends to my birthday party .
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. She will watch a film before she sleeps .
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. People won't use books in the future .
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. Computers will do school work .
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. Machines will cook and sell food .
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. She will feed the baby .
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. You will spill the ink on the carpet .
……………………………………………………………………………………
8. People will build schools of glass .
……………………………………………………………………………………

43. 43
Re-write :
1. Mona will wash the dishes tonight . [ The dishes ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. Bassem will eat the chicken . [ The chicken ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. Nora will build a hut in the garden . [ built ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. The captain will kill the pirate . [ will be ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. You need to wash your hair . [ washing ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. The children have broken the window . [ The window ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. Shadi will be chased by the dog . [ not ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
8. This singer sings very badly . [ I wish ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
9. When you go to the market , you will meet Doha . [ If ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
10. Hany said " Omar , How old are you ?" [ Hany asked ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
11. Dalia said " My father like his job very much ." [ Dalia said ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
12. I have been to Paris for two years . [ How … ?]
……………………………………………………………………………………
13. Mai is helpful . She helps me with the housework . [ Who ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
14. She drank some orange juice . [ not ]
……………………………………………………………………………………

44. 44
Unit 18
find out – found out – found out : to know the facts about something .
mutton : meat from sheep .
stuff : any substance or material .
coax / ed / ed : topersuadesomeonegentlytodosthorgosomewhere.
mother tongue : the native language that a person knows when
he was a child from his mother .
cuckoo : a bird that has a call which sounds like its name
beef : cow's meat .
Match the following words with their definitions :
1. A topic - things that are used as clothes .
2. A team - is a very large sea .
3. An ocean - is a person who governs a country .
4. Clothing - something to talk or write about .
5. A ruler - is the meat of sheep .
6. Mother tongue - is the meat of cow .
7. Beef - is a musical instrument .
8. Mutton - is a place with lots of trees .
9. A violin - is a group of people working together .
10. A jungle - is the language spoken by its native people .
Choose :
1. My [ father tongue – mother tongue – sister tongue ] is Arabic .
2. The meat of cows is called [ mutton – beef – bacon ] .
3. The meat of sheep is called [ mutton – beef – bacon ] .
4. When I entered the restaurant , the waiter gave me a [ monument – menu –
marble ] to choose my meal .
5. An octopus has nine arms which are called [ tactics – tentacles – miracles ] .
6. Rats usually live in [ cages – burrows – rivers ] .
7. An elephant has two [ husks – tusks – flasks ] .
8. If you eat too much fried food , you'll be [ slim – overweight – genius ] .
9. The Inuits live in houses made of [ skin – snow – mud bricks ] which we
call igloos
10. The pirates are called " cutthroats " because they killed their enemies with
[ knives – poison – swords ] .

45. 45
11. We have to discuss this [ office – topic – nation ] immediately .
12. Mother [ coaxed – retreated – returned ] her son to take his medicine .
13. In order to [ leave – rule – find ] out the truth , you'd better ask her .
14. A [ jungle – patient – cuckoo ] is a bird that has a call which sounds like its name
15. My father works for an [ idle – international – ended ] company .
16. [ Quack – Miaow – Cough ] is the sound of the cat .
17. All the [ characters – stuff – personality ] in this story are funny . It is a comic
story.
18. Please get rid of this [ staff – stuff – stiff ]. It looks terrible .
19. Look out ! The snake is [ hissing - quacking – coaxing ] .
20. [ Mutton – Beef – Mail ] is the meat of the sheep .
21. Mary has a cat [ who – which – whom ] is very lazy .
22. If you [ boiled – boil – had boiled ] your food , you will lose a lot of vitamins .
23. If she [ sits – sat – had sat ] down , everybody would be able to see .
24. People , [who – which – whose ] endanger animals , kill whales for their oil .
25. Mark told me [ not to – to – that ] worry about skis .
26. Maha said that she [ don't - doesn't – didn't ] have any boots .
27. In Asia ,people build houses on stilts [ because – so that – to ] they don't flood .
28. Treasure has [ found – find – been found ] by the divers .
29. I wish I [ could – can – will ] travel to Australia .
30. Homework will be [ did – does – done ] at 8 o'clock .
31. I walk along way to school . I wish I [ have – had – had had ] a bike .
32. My younger sister is interested [ in – at – on ] reading .
Complete :
1. Chinese people speak Chinese as their ………………
2. ……………. is the sound of water .
3. …………… is the sound of the snake .
4. There was an …………….. match between Egypt and Sudan .
5. I have a headache . Please don't speak so ……………..

46. 46
Complete using the suitable preposition :
1. Sally's class is doing a project ………………. oceans .
2. What do you know …………………….. oceans ?
3. People need oceans …………… food and transport .
4. Tourists are a threat ……………….. wild life .
5. Oil tankers sometimes spill sticky black oil ……………. the sea .
6. Dinosaurs had been ………….. earth for 150 million years .
7. Scientists have found ………..a lot …….. the dinosaurs ………. fossils .
8. I waited nearly……………. an hour .
9. The teacher is always ……………… time . He's never late .
10. ……………………….. in the sky , there's plenty ………….. room .
11. I was waterskiing …………….. the first time .
12. My friends will laugh …………………. me if I make these silly actions .
13. Do you think ………………….. going to the party ?
14. Things will be different ……………. the future .
15. Computers will be controlled …………………..
16. We will be able …………… see history and science .
17. We will learn ………………..…. other planets .
18. People will be fed ……………….. seaweed ………….. seaweed farms .
19. People will be transported ……………….. tunnels ……….. the sea .
20. There will be too many people ……….. earth .
21. They will be taught …………….. live ………… friendly moons .
22. ……………. now you have learned a lot ……………. English .
23. ……………….. 325 million people speak English ……….. a second language .
24. English has borrowed words ………………. other languages .
25. English farmers looked …………………the animals .
26. ……………. spite of this , people go ………. looking …… buried treasures .
27. ………… thousands ………….. years , gold and silver have been highly valued .
28. Oil has been found …………….. the sea ………… well as under the ground .

47. 47
Rewrite :
1. Dina will eat all the fish on the table . [ All the fish ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. My mother made me clean the floor , that's why I didn't come . [ If ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. Petti said to Mark " Bring a warm coat ." [ Petti asked .. ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. People paint their houses white so that they reflect the sun . [Why…….? ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. I read a nice story last right . [ not ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. Tamer said to me " I'm arriving on Friday ." [ told ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. He said , " When did you go to the park , Adel ?" [ asked ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
8. The cat chased the mouse . This cat is mine . [ which ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
9. They have broken the glass window . [Theglasswindow]
……………………………………………………………………………………
10. We save money to buy a car . [ so that ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
11. You have lied to me . [ I ]
…………………………………………………………………………………….
12. I don't have any money . [ I wish ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
13. " Did you do your homework ?" the teacher said . [The teacher asked ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
14. They haven't finished the washing up yet . [ The washing up ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
15. I don't have enough money . I can't help the poor . [ If ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
16. She chose blue jeans . [ Blue jeans ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
17. A fisherman caught fish . [ What ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
18. She is buying new clothes . [ yesterday ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
19. I always remember your birthday. [ Your birthday ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
20. The teacher gave us two lessons yesterday . [ Two lessons ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
21. I will plant flowers . [ Flowers ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
22. Have you fed the baby ? [ yet ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
23. I have been working for three hours . [ since ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
24. He has worked in the morning . [ all morning ]
……………………………………………………………………………………