The rise of nationalism Introduction The rise of nationalism poses a threat to globalization and the set of values that the international community has sought to develop in the past. The election of President Donald Trump and Brexit threatened the neoliberal agenda that has promoted free enterprise and globalization. Understanding the rise of nationalism provides an effective instrument for identifying effective intervention measures. Comments : See my comments on the document.  Please address the hypothesis comment and resubmit the hypothesis Research Question · What has caused the resurgence of nationalism? Hypothesis The examination of rising populism and nationalism in different parts of the world is expected to demonstrate that the rise of inequality due to neoliberalism is responsible for the push for countries to retreat from the world stage. An examination of Brexit, the election of President Donald Trump and the resurgence of nationalist parties across Europe will demonstrate that the intersection of globalization and technology has contributed to create opportunities for only a small segment of the global population. In light of this hypothesis, it is expected that the path forward lie in redesigning the global economic system to promote shared prosperity in the world. Comment by angela parham: Your hypothesis should be something that you can actually test, what's called a testable hypothesis. In other words, you need to be able to measure both "what you do" and "what will happen." Most of the time a hypothesis is written like this: "If _____[I do this] _____, then _____[this]_____ will happen." Your hypothesis should always explain what you expect to happen during the course of your research. Data collection Qualitative research will be used in this study due to the need to synthesize existing literature on the subject and the perspectives of stakeholders in the society. The exploratory research approach will enable the researcher to find effective answers for the research questions (Jamshed, 2014). In particular, it will highlight the underlying reasons, motivations and causes of the rise in the nationalist movement in the modern society. Qualitative research is used to identify trends in thought and phenomena (Jamshed, 2014). Survey research and focus groups will be used to collect data on the subject. The survey research will include both semi-structured and structured questions that will be administered online. Purposive sampling will be used to ensure that the participants are drawn from different social groups. In addition, focus groups will be used to have an in-depth discussion with different stakeholders on the rise of nationalism. The data that will be collected will be analyzed in conjunction with the existing literature (Jamshed, 2014). The approach will enable the researcher to contextualize the insights that will be drawn from the data collection process. Comment by angela parham: ...

1. The rise of nationalism
Introduction
The rise of nationalism poses a threat to globalization and
the set of values that the international community has sought to
develop in the past. The election of President Donald Trump
and Brexit threatened the neoliberal agenda that has promoted
free enterprise and globalization. Understanding the rise of
nationalism provides an effective instrument for identifying
effective intervention measures.
Comments : See my comments on the document. Please address
the hypothesis comment and resubmit the hypothesis
Research Question
· What has caused the resurgence of nationalism?
Hypothesis
The examination of rising populism and nationalism in
different parts of the world is expected to demonstrate that the
rise of inequality due to neoliberalism is responsible for the
push for countries to retreat from the world stage. An
examination of Brexit, the election of President Donald Trump
and the resurgence of nationalist parties across Europe will
demonstrate that the intersection of globalization and
technology has contributed to create opportunities for only a
small segment of the global population. In light of this
hypothesis, it is expected that the path forward lie in
redesigning the global economic system to promote shared
prosperity in the world. Comment by angela parham: Your
hypothesis should be something that you can actually test,
what's called a testable hypothesis. In other words, you need to
be able to measure both "what you do" and "what will happen."
Most of the time a hypothesis is written like this: "If _____[I do
this] _____, then _____[this]_____ will happen." Your
hypothesis should always explain what you expect to happen
during the course of your research.
Data collection

2. Qualitative research will be used in this study due to the
need to synthesize existing literature on the subject and the
perspectives of stakeholders in the society. The exploratory
research approach will enable the researcher to find effective
answers for the research questions (Jamshed, 2014). In
particular, it will highlight the underlying reasons, motivations
and causes of the rise in the nationalist movement in the modern
society. Qualitative research is used to identify trends in
thought and phenomena (Jamshed, 2014). Survey research and
focus groups will be used to collect data on the subject. The
survey research will include both semi-structured and structured
questions that will be administered online. Purposive sampling
will be used to ensure that the participants are drawn from
different social groups. In addition, focus groups will be used to
have an in-depth discussion with different stakeholders on the
rise of nationalism. The data that will be collected will be
analyzed in conjunction with the existing literature (Jamshed,
2014). The approach will enable the researcher to contextualize
the insights that will be drawn from the data collection process.
Comment by angela parham: You are awaiting IRB
approval. Comment by angela parham: The methodology section
of a research paper answers two main questions: How was the
data collected or generated? And, how was it analyzed? The
writing should be direct and precise and always written in the
past tense for the final paper.
Theories of governance
The evaluation of governance requires a consideration of
two leading narratives on the subject. The first narrative is
neoliberal and involves a consideration of the role of choice in
the decision-making processes of an individual. The other
approach involves a consideration of networks associated with
institutionalism (Ansell & Torfing, 2016). The decentered
theory of governance seeks to address the weaknesses of the two
narratives because of the positivism recognition of the inability
of persons to make informed rational choices. The agency
theory postulates that the goals of an agent may be different

3. from those of the principal. As a result, it is evident that elected
leaders may have other incentives to pursue policy outcomes
that are inconsistent with the needs of their electorate. For
instance, the influence of donors and lobbyists has resulted in a
division between the electorate and their elected leaders.
Stewardship theories argue that leaders serve as agents of the
principal. In addition, it holds that both the principal and the
agent have shared goals. Resource-Dependence theories argue
that leaders have the responsibility to allocate the limited
resources that are provided by agents to enhance the ability of
the group to achieve shared outcomes. The theories highlight
the role of elected leaders in the governance of a modern
society. However, they also recognize the factors that determine
the performance of the elected leaders. For instance, it is
evident that the resources available to the country and the
interests of individual leaders have a consequential impact on
their ability to represent the needs of their people. The
international “relations” theory captures the increased
integration in the modern age (Ansell & Torfing, 2016). As a
result, individual countries are increasingly required to
implement policies that recognize respect for shared norms and
goals among the international community.
Representative democracy versus other systems
In representative democracy, people exercise indirect
control in the decision making process by identifying
individuals who can represent them. The people vote in regular
periodic elections to elect their leaders. Political leaders are
expected to share their ideas with the people who determine the
ones that they are most comfortable with (Urbinati, 2006). In a
representative democracy, the politicians have to continually
seek a renewal of their mandate from the voters. In contrast, in
a republic the state holds a lot of control over each stage in the
decision-making process. Dictatorships prohibit alternate
political ideas and contests. As a result, the people are locked
out from the decision-making process. In communism,
politicians are expected to champion a set of values and ideas

4. that serve to strengthen their country. In a monarchy, the
political process is left to the King and his advisors who assist
the King to make a wide range of choices.
Governance data
The government relies on large volumes of data the
formulation of policies. The government utilizes census data to
determine both the current and emerging needs of the
population. The government relies on the data provided by the
private sector to determine the economic performance of the
country. In addition, the government uses official records such
as immigration data and other records from its institutions to
understand different phenomena in the country. It also uses data
from international institutions such as the World Bank and the
International Monetary Fund, which have a lot of experience in
the management of public data. They play an important role in
ensuring that the government is able to make informed choices
about the needs of its population. The political leaders rely on
public opinion to measure the feelings of a majority of the
population on relevant issues. Consequently, the policies that
are implemented in a country are a function of both the needs of
the society as highlighted by public data, public opinion and the
aspirations of key stakeholders in the society.
Actors and processes in policymaking
Different countries across the world are facing a wide
range of challenges that require effective policy responses. The
challenges may have social, economic and environmental effects
on the society. Policy is one of the tools that are used by
governments at different levels to address the challenges that
people may be facing. Policy is a purposive set of actions that
are intended to achieve a desirable outcome in a target
population (Anderson, 1979). It is chosen from the available
alternatives in response to the set of challenges that the people
are facing.
Public policy comprises of a series of interconnected
smaller processes. It involves formulation, implementation and
evaluation to determine its effects on the society. Policy actors

5. can be categorized into two key players; official and non-
official ones (Ikelegbe, 2006). Unofficial policy makers do not
have to hold political positions. Instead, they enjoy a lot of
influence over the actors who are directly involved in the public
policy formulation process. For instance, donors and interest
groups can influence the positions that politicians hold on key
policy positions because of the influence that they have
(Tantivees & Walt, 2008). In contrast, official policy makers
possess the legal authority to formulate the policies.
Official policy makers can be further subdivided into
primary policy makers and supplementary policy makers
(Poopola, 2016). Primary policy makers have the constitutional
authority to engage in the policy making process. They have a
responsibility of formulating policies such as Congress.
Supplementary policy makers receive their authority to enact
policies from the primary policy makers (Poopola, 2016). They
include agencies and institutions such as the Environmental
Protection Authority that have the authority to design policies
in their sectors.
The executive plays a crucial and integral role in the
public policy formulation process. The term ‘executive centered
era’ is used to refer to the influence and leadership of the
Executive in the public policy formulation process. The
Executive determines the rules and laws that are implemented in
the country. The priorities of the Executive determine the
policies that are implemented. The increasing power of the
Executive in the modern age requires that all policies that are
implemented should reflect the will and spirit of the head of
state and government.
The Legislative is used in the deliberation of policies to
ensure that they reflect the will of the people. The Judiciary
plays an important role in the interpretation of laws to
determine if they are consistent with the national constitution
and international human rights. Administrators are tasked with
the implementation of policies. They ensure that the enacted
policies are implemented within their jurisdiction.Unofficial

6. policy makers include individual citizens whose participation is
integral in ensuring that the process yields desirable outcomes
and meets constitutional provisions. In addition, public parties
hold values and ideologies that determine their position on
proposed policies. Interest groups have an important role in
ensuring that the proposed policies address the concerns of the
stakeholders who will be affected by them.
Policy implementation outcomes
The implementation of policies may have a wide range of
immediate and long-term effects on the target population. For
instance, the free trade agreements that were championed in the
1990s and early 2000s led to increased competition. It also
created an enabling framework for companies to outsource their
labor to countries with the cheapest labor while protecting
professionals. The result led to increased disenfanchisement
among the people because it undermined the ability of blue
collar employees to have sustainable growth. The rise of
nationalism has been fueled by concerns over the negative
effects of free trade agreements on the welfare of the people.
Public policy may have many non-intended effects in both the
short-term and long-term (Koduah, van & Agyepong, 2015).
Consequently, the participation of all stakeholders in the policy
making process is critical in ensuring at their interests are
addressed. Furthermore, it is imperative for policies to be
changed to respond to changing circumstances in the society.
Policies in a country can be changed as the outcomes are felt to
address emerging issues.
Conclusion
To sum up, the rise of nationalism can be linked to the
failure of the neoliberal movement in ensuring there is inclusive
growth. The movement is motivated by economic concerns over
the welfare of the natives in a country. The failure of past
policies in creating shared prosperity is responsible for the rise

7. of nationalism. Consequently, understanding the rise of
nationalism and the most effective containment measures will
be essential in protecting the globalization movement.
It does not appear that you have a literature review section. The
literature review surveys publications (books, journals and
sometimes conference papers) on work that has already been
done on the topic of your research paper. It should only include
studies that have direct relevance to your research.
See my comments on the document. Please address the
hypothesis comment and resubmit the hypothesis.