2. Prepard by:
1. Mohamed Siddig
2. Mohamed zeinelabdeen
3. Omer Salih

3. Agenda :
Introduction.
Security in distributed Database.
Security in federated and integrated database.

4. Security in federated Database.
 The effect of heterogeneity and autonomy on
federated database security Russell Daviea and
Reinhardt Bothab
a Port Elizabeth Technikon,
s20026335@student.petech.ac.za
b Port Elizabeth Technikon, reinhard@petech.ac.za

5.  Background.
 Federated Database Systems:
- The term has been used for several different but related
database system architectures. Federated Database System
(FDBS) is a collection of co-perating but autonomous
component database systems.
- The component databases systems (CDBSs) are integrated
to various degrees and are controlled and co-ordinated by
a Federated Database Management System (FDBMS).

6. The road towards Federated Database Systems:
Characteristics of Federated Database Systems :
Distribution.
Heterogeneity.
Autonomy.

7. A CDBS participating in a FDBS may possess several
types of autonomy:
Design autonomy .
Communication autonomy .
Execution autonomy .
Association autonomy .
Authorization autonomy .

8. A Five-level Schema Architecture for Federated Databases

9.  Information security in Database systems:
Confidentiality / Integrity / Availability (CIA).
 Security problems in databases :
identifying the threats + policies + mechanisms.
Security in Federated Database Systems :
A FDBS provides interoperability between existing
heterogeneous databases providing two advantages :
a user the capability to retrieve data located at
different heterogeneous databases.
Interoperability is a significant advantage
-- need for protecting the security of the CDBSs and
their local users.

10. Security in Federated Database Systems :
 CDBSs join a FDBS.
 establishment of administrative policies.
 Identification and authentication.
 Authorization autonomy .
 Full authorization autonomy .
 Medium authorization autonomy
 Low authorization autonomy.

11.  Conclusion.
 Opinion.

12. Deriving Global Authorizations for Federated
Databases
Eugene F. Fodor
Department of Computer Science
University of California, Davis, USA 95616
Email: fodor@cs.ucdavis.edu
URL: http://avalon.cs.ucdavis.edu/

13.  Introduction.
 Federated Databases.
 Federated Database Security Issues:
 FDBs pose is the formulation of a global security policy from the
local security policies of CDBs.
 FDBs are that the integration of data from multiple sources leads
to new aggregation and inference problems not seen in the CDBs.
 Accountability and authentication also become more complicated
for FDBs.

14. Deriving Authorizations for Integrated Objects
 Federated DB Protection Objects:
Constituent schemas provide a common data model:
1. Integrated objects.
2. Local objects.
3. Federated objects.
4. Composite objects.
Exported Local Authorizations and the Dictionary :
 Subject Section
 Operation Section
 Object Section

15. Global authorization derivation :
Analysis of local authorizations :
auth = <s,op,o> and auth΄= <s΄,op΄,o΄> are Compatible
Auth≈auth΄ ↔(o≈o΄)^(op≈op΄)
Subject Clustering :
A hierarchical clustering technique called single link
clustering is used to derive a similarity tree of subjects.

16. Global authorization derivation :
 Abstraction of Global Authorizations :
There are two rules for authorization abstraction with
regard to operations and objects :
 Rule 1 :
 Rule 2 :
for objects states that global authorization o¯ for
coincides
with the integrated object o¯ and its local objects.

17.  Deriving Authorizations for Composite Objects.
 Conclusion.
 Opinion