1. What is a green library?
May 24, 2011 Ishimura & Fitzgibbons - CLA 2011 1

2. Green library!
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3. THANK YOU FOR
YOUR TIME!
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4. A framework for green: Applying the
Environmental Management System cycle in libraries
Yusuke Ishimura
Megan Fitzgibbons
May 24, 2011

5. What does green mean?
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6. Purpose of today’s session
Green
initiatives
EMS
Participation
Environmentally responsible library
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7. Introductions
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8. Conversations about green libraries
• Building design
• Operations resource management
• Collection maintenance and publishing
• Libraries as information/educational centres
• Librarians’ social responsibility
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9. May 24, 2011 Ishimura & Fitzgibbons - CLA 2011 9

10. May 24, 2011 Ishimura & Fitzgibbons - CLA 2011 10

11. May 24, 2011 Ishimura & Fitzgibbons - CLA 2011 11

12. But sustainable change
is challenging…
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13. Sustainability is a “moral imperative” for libraries1
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14. Environmental Management System2
• Examines the environmental impact of an
organization’s activities
• Situated in the overarching management system
• Designed to systematically harmonize:
– Staff responsibilities
– Resource allocation
– Operations
– Evaluation cycles
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15. Core concepts of EMS3
Plan
Act Do
Check
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16. EMS:
ISO 14001
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17. Popularity of ISO 140014
200,000
188,815
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
May 24, 2011 1996 1999 2002
Ishimura & Fitzgibbons - CLA 2011 2005 2008
17

18. Certification by geographic region5
Far East
Europe
Africa/West Asia
North America
Others
May 24, 2011 0% 10% & Fitzgibbons - CLA 2011
Ishimura 20% 30% 40% 50%
18

19. Why standards?
Environmental
Your library
performance
Compare!
Environmental
Library B
performance
Environmental
Company C
performance
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20. Is an EMS right for you?
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21. Decision-making6
• Improve environmental performance
• Conserve resources
Positive
• Improve internal management methods
• Promote positive image
• Social responsibility
• Increased efficiency = cost savings
• Investment in facilities
• Allocation of human resources
Negative
• Competing priorities
• Time
• Cost of outside consultation
May 24, 2011 • Requires differentFitzgibbons - CLA 2011
Ishimura & management approaches 21

22. YES!
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23. Key elements for success7
Commitment from Participation of all Effective
top management staff communication
Compatibility with Continual Allocation of
organizational values improvement resources
Training
opportunities
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24. Five elements of EMS8
Environmental
policy
Management
Planning
review Continual
improvement
Checking & Implementation &
corrective action operation
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25. ISO 14001
1. Environmental policy
2. Planning
• Environmental aspects
• Legal and other requirements
• Objectives, targets and programs
3. Implementation and operation
• Resources, roles, responsibility and authority
• Competence, training and awareness
• Communication
• Documentation
• Control of documents
• Operational control
• Emergency preparedness and response
4. Checking and corrective action
• Monitoring and measurement
• Evaluation of compliance
• Non-conformity, corrective action and
preventive action
• Control of records
• EMS audit
5. Management review
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26. ISO 14001 Library parallels
1. Environmental policy Library policies
2. Planning Planning activities
• Environmental aspects • Organizational strategic plans
• Legal and other requirements • Budgets
• Objectives, targets and programs • Library programs
3. Implementation and operation
• Resources, roles, responsibility and authority • Resources, roles, responsibility, and authority
• Competence, training and awareness • Competency standards for library employees
• Communication
• Internal & external communication (marketing)
• Document management
• Documentation
• Emergency preparedness
• Control of documents
• Operational control
• Emergency preparedness and response
4. Checking and corrective action
• Monitoring and measurement • Statistics: gate counts, circulation, usage reports
• Evaluation of compliance • Peer-comparison
• LibQUAL and other user surveys
• Non-conformity, corrective action and
• Performance reviews
preventive action
• Control of records
• EMS audit
5. Management review
May 24, 2011 Annual reports
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27. Coexistence of systems9
ISO
14001
Management
System
ISO BS
9001 8800
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28. Planning:
Environmental aspects10
Aspects (Cause):
Internal elements of the library that have an impact
on the external environment.
Impact (Effect):
Positive and negative changes to the external
environment due to the library’s activities.
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29. Planning:
Elements to consider11
• Atmospheric emissions
• Material released in water
• Material deposited on land
• Use of natural resources and energy
• Energy emitted (e.g., heat, radiation, vibration)
• Waste and by-products
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30. Computers
Printer Computers Computers Computers
Toner
Selectors print
Acquiring books Acquisition
orders & submit Order entered in Order emailed to
from European coordinator
to acquisitions ILS vendor
distributors distributes
dept.
Order printout
Transferred to Books scanned Books arrive
Shelving Books processed
branch libraries in ILS from cataloger
Paper invoice
Vans Barcode readers
Throwing out dust jackets Packing
Plastic boxes Computers
Discard waste from:
Barcodes
Tapes
Security strips
Printed labels
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31. Transport vehicles
Paper invoice
Packing materials
(Cardboard paper, tape, Styrofoam)
Paper invoice
Computers
Books arrive Invoice entered
from vendor in ILS
Ship to
Selected books
outsourced
repacked
cataloguer
Transport
vehicules Tapes
Packing materials
Title lists
Printer
Toner
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32. Computers
Printer Computers Computers Computers
Toner
Selectors print
Acquiring books Acquisition
orders & submit Order entered in Order emailed to
from European coordinator
to acquisitions ILS vendor
distributors distributes
dept.
Order printout
Transferred to Books scanned Books arrive
Shelving Books processed
branch libraries in ILS from cataloger
Paper invoice
Vans Barcode readers
Throwing out dust jackets Packing
Plastic boxes Computers
Discard waste from:
Barcodes
Tapes
Security strips
Printed labels
May 24, 2011 Ishimura & Fitzgibbons - CLA 2011 Location sticker 32

33. Applying the framework
Instructions:
1. Form a group of three with your neighbours.
2. Identify the environmental effects of one activity
in libraries (about 5 min.)
3. Report back to the large group.
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34. Report back
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35. Planning:
Objectives, targets & programs12
Objective Target
Reduce electricity use by 10% by
Reduce energy usage
2012
Reduce paper use by 15% by
Reduce paper usage
2012
Improve employees’ & community’s All participants understand EMS
awareness of environmental issues initiative by September 2011
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36. Planning:
Objectives, targets & programs13
Program description
Item Reduce energy usage by 10%
Time frame December 2012
• Replace old computers
Methods • Turn off unnecessary lights
• Change to LED
Responsibility Manager A
Funds from facilities budget for necessary
Resources required
materials
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37. Implementation & operation:
Resources, roles, responsibility & authority
Overall responsibility and authority for EMS strategy and
answering to board of governors
Communications Assistant to
Responsible for all internal and Director of libraries
external communications officer Director of libraries
Associate director:
Associate director: Client Associate director: Associate director:
Budget, Personnel,
services Technology Services Collection Services
Facilities
Facilities & purchasing Responsible for procurement of materials related to
Responsible for implementation EMS implementation. Contributes heavily to planning
coordinator
and maintenance of EMS process and assessment of practices
Responsible for estimating financial costs & benefits of
Budget officer
EMS and including in upcoming budgets
Liaises with consultants and auditors. Analyzes staffing
Human resources officer
needs during EMS implementation
Training & development Responsible for staff training for new procedures
coordinator developed during EMS implementation
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38. Implementation & operation:
Competence, training and awareness14
Identify EMS issues Assess training Define training
in library functions needs objectives
Identify
Training Prepare training plan
interventions
Evaluation of
training
effectiveness
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39. Implementation & operation:
Communication15
Understanding of the EMS across the
organization can be promoted by:
1. Sharing information
2. Training
3. Encouraging participation
4. Incorporating staff input
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40. Implementation & operation:
Communication16
Issue Energy
Required outcome Reduce costs by turning off lights
Information sharing 
Training
Encouragement 
Staff input
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41. Checking & corrective action:
Monitoring & measurement17
Category Electricity use
Operation with Computers, air conditioning, lighting,
environmental aspects equipment
Measurement methods Electricity usage meter on electricity
& scale board / Interval (kwH)
Place to measure Single point
Period/frequency Monthly
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42. Checking & corrective action:
The internal audit...18
• Is fundamental to the EMS
• Takes place at planned intervals
• Checks against international standards
• Assesses implementation and maintenance
• Is recorded for use in next audit
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43. Management review19
• Results from internal audits
• Environmental performance
• Degree to which objectives &
targets are achieved
• Status of corrective & preventive
actions
• Changing circumstances
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44. Document vs. record management20
Documents
Procedures, guides, and other documentation used to
implement and manage the EMS. Scaffolding for the
EMS implementation.
Records
Measurements of activities, including logs, forms, and
inspections. Evidence of the EMS implementation.
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45. To have or not to have?21
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46. May 24, 2011 Ishimura & Fitzgibbons - CLA 2011 46

47. Green library!
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48. WHAT ARE YOUR
QUESTIONS?
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49. References
1. Maria Anna Jankowska and James W. Marcum, “Sustainability Challenge for Academic
Libraries: Planning for the Future,” College & Research Libraries 71, no. 2 (2010): 167.
2. Gregory P. Johnson, The ISO 14000 EMS Audit Handbook, 1st ed. (Boca Raton, FL: St.
Lucie Press, 1997).
3. International Organization for Standardization, ISO 14001 Environmental Management
Systems: An Easy-to-use Checklist for Small Business: Are You Ready? (Genève: Author,
2010).
4. International Organization for Standardization, The ISO Survey of Certifications 2008
(Genève: ISO Central Secretariat, 2009).
5. Ibid.
6. Gregory P. Johnson, The ISO 14000 EMS Audit Handbook, 1st ed. (Boca Raton, FL: St.
Lucie Press, 1997); Gayle Woodside, Patrick Aurrichio, and Jeanne Yturri, ISO 14001
Implementation Manual (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1998).
7. Alan Morris, ISO 14000 Environmental Management Standards: Engineering and
Financial Aspects (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2004).
8. International Organization for Standardization, Environmental Management Systems:
Requirements with Guidance for Use, 2nd ed. (Genève: Author, 2004).
May 24, 2011 Ishimura & Fitzgibbons - CLA 2011 49

50. References
9. Sheldon and Yoxon, Environmental Management Systems.
10. Ibid.
11. International Organization for Standardization, Environmental Management Systems:
Requirements with Guidance for Use.
12. Philip J. Stapleton, Margaret A. Glover, and S. Petie Davis, Environmental Management
Systems: An implementation Guide for Small and Medium-sized Organisations, 2nd ed., 2001,
http://www.epa.gov/owm/iso14001/ems2001final.pdf.
13. Sheldon and Yoxon, Environmental Management Systems; Stapleton, Glover, and Davis,
Environmental Management Systems: An Implementation Guide for Small and Medium-sized
Organisations.
14. Sheldon and Yoxon, Environmental Management Systems
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid.
17. Marilyn Block, Effective Implementation of ISO 14001 (Milwaukee Wis.: ASQ Quality Press,
2006); Stapleton, Glover, and Davis, Environmental Management Systems: An Implementation
Guide for Small and Medium-sized Organisations.
18. International Organization for Standardization, Environmental Management Systems:
Requirements with Guidance for Use.
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51. References
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. Trade and Development Board, Commission on Trade in Goods and Services, and
Commodities, Expert Meeting on Trade and Investment Impacts of Environmental
Management Standards, Particularly the ISO 14000 Series, on Developing Countries,
Geneva, 29-31 October 1997. Geneva: UN.
http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/c1em4d2.en.pdf
Recent surveys (slides 9 and 11):
Michele Calloway, “Paper Use and Recycling in Academic Libraries,” Electronic Journal of
Sustainability Challenge for Academic Libraries 169 (2003).
Michael Wescott Loder, “Libraries with a Future: How Are Academic Library Usage and Green
Demands Changing Building Designs?,” College & Research Libraries 71, no. 4 (2010):
348-360.
C. Stewart, The Academic Library Building in the Digital Age: A Study of New Library
Construction and Planning, Design, and Use of New Library Space, 2009.
May 24, 2011 Ishimura & Fitzgibbons - CLA 2011 51

52. Photo credit
Slide 9: From Phoenix Public Library website
http://www.phoenixpubliclibrary.org/photoindex.jsp?id=9030
Slide 10: From daryl_mitchel on Flickr
http://www.flickr.com/photos/daryl_mitchell/778237944/
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53. Thanks / Merci!
Yusuke Ishimura
yusuke.ishimura@mail.mcgill.ca
Megan Fitzgibbons
megan.fitzgibbons@mcgill.ca
May 24, 2011 Ishimura & Fitzgibbons - CLA 2011 53