2. MOTIVATION
Motivated students usually use more strategies than
less motivated students.
Ellis (1994) : students effort in learning second
language from the need and desire to learn.
Gardner (1985) : One’s level on working and trying to
learn the language because of his desire to do so and
experience the satisfaction from doing so.
3. AGE AND STAGES
The strategies used by students in different school
level are not same.
Beginners learners such as primary school’s students
usually use simple and less strategies in learning
second language.
Lightbown & Spada (2003) : Relationships between
students age and its potential to succeed in acquiring
second language is often debated.
4. SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS
Socioeconomis status can be determine based on
parents academic background and family income.
Parent’s higher academic background give aspirations
to children for succeed.
This type of parents would be their children’s role
model.
Higher family income can spend more money to
provide enough materials for their children’s learning.
5. ETHNICS AND CULTURES
Different types of students with different learning
styles comes from different cultures,etchnics and
races.
Corbett (1999) : some students prefer talking as they
are raised in a community where ideas can be thrown
freely.
Surtridge (1997) : differences in cultural background
and educational system produce different strengths
and weaknesses within students.
6. BELIEFS AND ATTITUDE
A positive attitude helps learners to develop their
confidence during learn and use the language.
Gardner & Miller (2002) : learners bring their
beliefs,goal,attitude and decisions to learning and then
influence how they approach.
Learners belief can give positive or negative effects as it
is a part of metacognitive knowledge.
