Varnish Slides for SKU3053 course

1. VARNISH
Dayang Nursyifaa Bt Azizan (D20131063845)
Nuradilla Bt Rosli (D20131063854)
Nur Asmidar Bt Musa (D20131063853)

3. INTRODUCTION

4. MEDIVIAL LATIN
GREEKGREEK
OLD FRANCH
Veronix (odorous
resin)
Berenice Berenike
Vernis
MIDDLE ENGLISH
VARNISH

5. INTRODUCTION
• Varnish is a transparent, hard and protective coating material that
dries by a solvent evaporation process, followed by polymerization
and oxidation of drying oil and resin.
• Varnish has little or no color , is transparent, and has no added
pigment, it is opposed to paints or wood stains which contain
pigment.
• Function of varnish same as a paint.

6. HISTORY

7. • Early varnishes were developed by
mixing resin with a solvent and applying
them with a brush to get golden and
hardened effect one sees in today’s
varnishes.
• The ancient Egyptians were well
acquainted with the art of varnishing.
• Resins have been around for thousands
of years and have served many different
purposes. Frankincense and myrrh were
resins, and many of these substances
were used for medicinal purposes, food
glazing agents and adhesives. Many
types of incense were made from resins,
and specific resins were used for
religious ceremonies.

8. COMPONENT OF VARNISH

9. Solid resin (natural or synthetic)
Eg: Amber, kauri gum, dammar, copal, pine resin (rosin),
sandarac, balsams, elemi, mastic, shellac and others.
Drying oil
Eg: Linseed oil , tong oil, and walnut oil.
Solvent
Eg: Natural (organic) turpentine ,but has been replaced by
several mineral based turpentine substitutes such as white spirit
or ‘paint thinner ‘ also known as’ mineral spirit’.
Desiccant (quick drying)

10. What is Resin ?
• In polymer chemistry and materials science, resin is a "solid or
highly viscous substance" of plant or synthetic origin that is
typically convertible into polymers.
• Resin is a hydrocarbon secretion that comes from many different
types of plants. It also comes from many types of coniferous trees,
like pine trees.
• The resin acts as a bandage protecting the plant from invading
insects and pathogens

12. TYPES OF VARNISH

13. Oil Varnishes
• Composition contains drying oil in
the making process.
• Resin : Amber and copal
• Drying oil: Linseed oil
Spirit Varnishes
• Composition contains solid resin,
volatile and non-volatile solvent .
• Easy to dry
• Resin : Shellac
• Solvent: Methylated spirit of wine

14. OIL VARNISH

15. Long Oil Varnish
• Many oil composition.
• Ratio of
• Required a long time to dry.
• Used for outdoor furniture and mast.
• Example: Spar-Varnish
• Resistant to weather and provide elasticity properties.
Oil : resin = 3 : 1 or 4.5 : 1

16. Medium Oil Varnish
• Ratio of
• Suitable for floor.
Oil : resin = 2 : 1 or 3 : 1

17. Short Oil Varnish
• Ratio of
• Easily volatile
• No hole makes it less permeable and hard.
• Resistant to alcohol, alkali and acid.
• Less elastic and fragile.
• Used for furniture.
Oil : resin = 1 : 3 or 2 : 1

18. SPIRIT VARNISH

19. Shellac
• Shellac is a very widely used
single-component resin varnish
that is alcohol-soluble.
• It is not used for outdoor
surfaces.
• The source of shellac resin is a
brittle or flaky secretion of the
female lac insect, Kerria lacca,
found in the forests of Assam
and Thailand.

20. APPLICATION OF VARNISH

21. Long Oil Varnish

22. Medium Oil Varnish

23. Short Oil Varnish

24. Also use in musical instruments…

25. ISSUES ON VARNISH

26. ARTIST DIES AFTER REGULARLY SPRAYING VARNISH
ON HIS PAINTINGS IN A ROOM WITHOUT VENTILATION
• He used the product Brass lac in a confined
upstairs room, on his oil painting.
• While using the product, he wore a dust mask
which not suitable for that type of product.
• He was seen staggering before the fall, in
which he suffered unsurvivable brain injuries.
• He died on December 30, 2008, in intensive
care at Bradford Royal Infirmary, six days
after falling.
Govinder Nazran

28. FRANCE PROPOSES LABELING REQUIREMENTS FOR FORMALDEHYDE IN
FURNITURE
• French Environment Law stipulates that building and furnishing products,
wall and floor coverings, paints and varnishes that emit volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) are subject to labeling requirements.
• The Draft Order contains important technical information :
Providing 2 methods for testing :
- Method 1 : Emission Test Chamber
- Method 2 : Emission from wood-based panels
• Information on the label and its format. The label can be in color or black &
white
4 classes of formaldehyde emission standards : A+,A,B and C.

29. • Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
Volatile : these chemicals evaporate or can easily get into the air at room
temperature.
Organic : these chemicals are carbon based.
Examples : Formaldehyde, toluene, benzene.
What is VOCs???

30. How VOCs affect human health??
Short-term exposure to high levels of some VOCs can cause:
• Headaches
• Dizziness
• Drowsiness
• Nausea
• Eye and respiratory irritation

31. A+  very
low
emission
C  high
emission

32. BELGIUM REGULATES FOOD CONTACT VARNISHES AND COATINGS
• Belgium has published a royal decree on varnishes and coatings intended to
come into contact with foodstuffs.
• Migration limit into food cannot exceed 10mg per decimeter squared (dm2).
• The country's Federal Service of Health, Food Chain Security and
Environment will enforce the decree by 1st January 2017.

33. MANUFACTURING
PROCESS OF VARNISH

34. Resin is
heated
(280-
290°C)
Resin is
mixed and
grinded with
drying oil
Mixture
produced is
cooked to
ensure they
mixed well
Mixture is
cooled
down on
room
temperature
The quality
of varnish
produced is
being
tested
Varnish is
filtered and
packed for
sales.

35. MARKET RESEARCH ON
VARNISH

36. World Production of Paints and Coatings (2014)
• China has been years become the largest
coatings producing and consuming
country where the size of the Chinese
coatings market has grown by over 5,600
million liters since 2008.
• United States, Europe, and Japan
production is correlates with the health of
the economy, especially housing,
construction, and transportation.
• In Japan, the consumption of paints and
coatings will experience relatively slow
growth during this period (0.5%), as a
result of no growth in major markets such
as automotive OEM, machinery, and
appliances.

37. • Asian Pacific emerging as largest
regional market and accounting for
more than 55% of global market
value.
• China and US form the two largest
paints and coating markets ($53.3
billion & 21.3 respectively).
• Architectural and decorative
segment was the largest in the
global paints and coating markets,
accounting for 51.1% of its total
value.

38. • The global paints and coatings
market was worth USD 121.9
billion in 2013 and is expected to
grow at a CAGR of 5.5% during
2014 to 2020, to reach estimated
value of USD 176.5 billion in 2020.
• This is due to:
Increment of global population
which escalate the demand for
new house every year.
Increment market for consumer
goods and automobiles