25th annual Electrical Engineering Safety Seminar 2015

1. 2015 Electrical Engineering
Safety Seminar
Peter Standish
The Case for Improving Our
Approach to Collision Avoidance

2. About the Presentation
 Introduction
 Data
 Key findings
 Actions Taken within the Mining Industry
 Understanding VI Exposure
 Managing VI Exposure
 Conclusions and Thoughts on Next Steps
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3. Introduction
 Mobile equipment incidents affect us all.
 This is a really important message - it should make us all stop and think.
 Straw poll.
 Everyone, please stand up - I want to do an experiment (and get your blood moving
so that you can really take in this message!).
 Sit down if you've never had a near miss event whilst operating a car or piece of
equipment on a public road or mine site.
 What's the number?
 Sit down if you've never been involved in a serious accident - metal to metal with
actual or potential serious injuries (car or piece of equipment on / off a mine site).
 What's the number?
 This is about Mine Sites only. Sit down if you've never known, investigated or been
on shift with someone who lost their life in a mobile equipment (including remote
controlled gear) related accident on a mine site.
 What's the number?
 What the impact?!?
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4. Analysis Results

5. For Comparison

6. Key findings
 Yes, there is a case.
 A good way of considering this is that fatalities
resulted from Vehicle interaction (VI).
 Data base inputs have changed with time
(reporting from additional countries etc.).
 Information is not normalised to industry
population – tonnages moved have increased.
 Data is not linear from around 1990-95 across all
incident types.

7. Actions Taken within the Mining Industry
 Mining Companies have been working on
developing technology since 2007.
 Researchers, Proximity Detection Suppliers and
OEM’s have been working on technologies since
1997.
 Individual companies have invested significantly
without effective return.
 The larger mining companies have directed their
efforts through EMESRT.
 Considerations of risks are being more formally
applied.
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8. Understanding VI Exposure
 Understanding:
 Terminology – PUE – Potential Unwanted Event:
 1 – Machine to Person;
 2 – Machine to Machine;
 3 – Machine to Environment;
 4 – Loss of control.
 Consider the interaction scenarios:
 Surface – 24 unique types;
 Underground – 25 unique types, and;
 Speeds of interaction have a major input on control
choices.
 Where is the VI exposure?
 By scenario;
 By speed range.

9. VI Exposure* – Mobile Equipment
9
*based on reportable incidents to DMR, South Africa over the period 2010-2015
64%
36%
0%
0%
UG Electric
N=30
17%
31%
52%
0%
UG Diesel
N=82
23%
24%26%
27%
Surface
N=77
Speed Range
km/h
0-3
3-10
10-30
30-55+
Exposure takes into account incident rate and an
assessment of potential severity of all unwanted
events for Vehicle Interactions (PUE1-PUE4)
combined

10. What speeds can be catered for by current technologies?
 EMESRT outputs / findings:
 In U/G effective control of braking / speed in most
circumstances for speeds 0 to 3 km/hr demonstrated;
 Some vendors exploring capability at up to 5 to 8
km/hr;
 Nothing currently available for higher speeds than 5
km/hr.
 Challenges of current technological approaches:
 Nuisance alarming;
 Human behaviour “defeating” current technologies;
 Unique interfaces restricting fleet applications.
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11. 1. Site Requirements
2. Segregation Controls
3. Operating Procedures
4. Authority to Operate
5. Fitness to Operate
6. Operating Compliance
7. Operator Awareness
8. Advisory Controls
9. Intervention Controls
Equipment specifications, standards, mine design/plans
Berms, access control, traffic segregation, time schedule
SOP’s, maintenance, road rules, quality control, lockout
Training, licences, induction, access control
Fatigue state, drug & alcohol, medicals
Pre-start, safety tests, machine health, event recordings
Cameras, live maps, mirrors, lights, visible delineators
Alerts: Proximity, Fatigue, Over-speed, Vehicle stability
Interlocks: Prevent Start, Slow-Stop, Rollback, Retarder
years
months
weeks
days
shift
hours
minutes
seconds
ms
Model - Incident Preventative Control Levels

12. Managing VI Exposure
 The journey:
Act on the understanding;
Work going on to determine if current controls
are effective for levels 1 to 6;
Reduce the demand on 7, 8 & 9 controls.
 Don’t forget:
People are in the system;
Human nature will always defeat technology.

13. EMESRT
Control
MDG 2007
Technology
MDG 2007
Intent Statement
Level 7
Awareness
Provide additional
information on the
proximity of equipment,
infrastructure and
personnel in the
surrounding area
Level 8
Advisory
Alerting people to
interactions that might be
unsafe to allow them to
take corrective action
Level 9
Intervention
Intervening and taking some
form of control to prevent
an unsafe event
P
A
T
P
D
T
C
A
T
Perception
Comprehension
Projection
Decision
Action
Environment
Alignment - MDG 2007 & South African requirements

14. Selection of Vehicle Interaction Controls

15. Conclusions and Wrap Up
 There is a case to actively reconsider Vehicle
Interaction Incidents / Controls at your site.
 You can reduce your level of exposure by improving
Level 1-6 type control effectiveness.
 EMESRT has just published agreed performance
criteria for level 7,8 & 9 aligned with MDG2007.
 Current technology does not meet the performance
requirements across all scenarios and speeds.
 Improving on current technology will come from a
coordinated effort from Customers, OEM’s and
Technology Suppliers - to refine standards and meet
performance requirements for 7, 8 and 9 level
systems.
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16. With Thanks.
 Eric de Zoeten
 EMESRT – http://www.emesrt.org
 The EESS organisers and support personnel.

17. Want more?
Phone or email me.
0417 419 709
Peter.Standish@oprm.com.au

19. VI Scenarios – Surface
19
PUE1 - Equipment to Person PUE3 - Equipment to Environment
PUE2 - Equipment to Equipment PUE4 - Loss of Control
Unwanted
Event
= or or or

20. VI Scenarios – Underground
Diesel/Electric
20
PUE1 - Equipment to Person PUE3 - Equipment to Environment
PUE2 - Equipment to Equipment PUE4 - Loss of Control
Unwanted
Event
= or

21. Understanding VI Exposure
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• Understanding:
• Consider the interaction scenarios:
• Surface – 24 unique types;
• Underground – 25 unique types, and;
• Speeds of interaction have a major input.
• Where is the VI exposure?
• By scenario
• By speed range
• How well do current PDS solutions address VI exposure?
• Which scenario / speed range
• Where can initial gains be made (low hanging
fruit)?

22. An Approach to Addressing VI Risks
Base Line
• Controls (A/O/TS) and Support / Assurance Activities.
• Scenarios that apply.
• Incident learnings.
Enhance
• Failure Modes for Controls (to ID weaknesses).
• Activities to improve and that could be dropped / stopped.
• Performance requirements of Level 7-9 systems.
Technology
• Risk based development of functional requirements.
• Support the OEM’s through late stage development.
• Share information on technological successes.