EDUP 3013 Philosophy of Education

PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION
(EDUP 3013)
TASK 3 PRESENTATION
LECTURER’S NAME : ENCIK AZIZI BIN AHMAD
BY :
NURASYIKIN BINTI JAMALANI
NUR ATIQAH BINTI DZAMZURI
UZMA FARZANA BINTI RIDZUAN

Tanner (1980) stated that,
Curriculum encompasses all the preferably
planned experiences which should be gained by
pupils, and the aspired learning outcomes. These
two elements should be given serious
consideration during the delivery of knowledge
and skills to ensure that educational goals are
achieved.

INFORMAL CURRICULUM
Activities that happened that are not designed,
planned or formally
accepted by the school
(Malaysia Education Policy Review, 2013)

INFORMAL
CURRICULUM
1. Co-curricular activities
3. Implicit
Curriculum
2. Societal curriculum:
Parents, peers,
media, community
4. Hidden curriculum

According to Education Act (1996), co-curricular
encompasses all the knowledge, skills, norms,
values, cultural elements and beliefs to help
develop a pupil fully with respect to the physical,
spiritual, mental and emotional aspects as well as
to inculcate and develop desirable moral values
and to transmit knowledge.
Nurasyikin binti Jamalani

Examples of co-curricular activities
School
sports team
Math clubs Debates
Student
council
Drama
production

Cortes (1981) defines societal curriculum as: the massive,
ongoing, informal curriculum of family, peer groups,
neighborhoods, religious institutions, organizations,
occupations, mass media, and other socializing forces that
"educate“ all of us throughout our lives.
Societal curriculum

1. Family and peers
• Includes parents, siblings and friends.
• Students interact with these people on
a daily basis.
• They can influenced the students in many
ways especially in shaping their identity
and personality.
Source: Aimeeusa. (2018). Importance of family in daily life. Retrieved from
http://www.aimeeusa.com/importance-of-family-in-everyones-life.htm

2. Institutions
• Such as religious institutions, libraries, clubs
and outside organizations.
• These are also places that influence
the student.
• They most likely does not
have a daily conversation/interaction with
these institutions but are still influenced
by them on a large scale especially in
religious education. Source: OMERO. (2018). OMERO for Institution. Retrieved from
https://www.openmicroscopy.org/omero/institution/

3. Mass media
• Includes television, radio, ads and social media; twitter, youtube,
instagram
• Influence students in both ways (good and bad) but it depends on
how the students manage to control themselves.
Source: IMS Noida. (2018). Best jobs for journalism and mass communication graduates. Retrieved from http://imsnoida.com/best-jobs-
journalism-mass-communication-graduates/

4. Community
• Students know that society are filled
with different culture and ethnicity.
• The presence of these kind of
people will make the students
understand that there are people
come out from different and
unique background.
Source: Abang Nara. (2017). 5 benda yang menyatukan hati rakyat Malaysia. Retrieved from
https://beautifulnara.com/5-benda-yang-menyatukan-hati-rakyat-malaysia/

How it actually affects students?
• Students learn to actively creating a new perspectives and also can
help shape both individual and public opinion.
• It helps the students to empathize with one another and to
understand their emotions as well as the emotions of others.
• Nurturing and developing leadership and attitudes through curricular
and co-curricular activities.

How it actually affects students?
• To shape their personality and identity as who they are as a student.
• To help the children to learn how to treat other people with kindness.
• To guide them to possess high moral standards and to be responsible
and capable of achieving high level of personal well-being.

How it actually affects the students?
• Build a solid foundation of trust and warmth between the students
and the society.
• The child learns to respect others religion, belief, culture, ethnicity.
• To produce students with religious knowledge (there is right and
wrong)

According to Eliot Eisner, it extends to what happens in a classroom
and gets displayed in a very subtle manner, but has a powerful impact
on student learning.
• Eisner stated that the furniture, the murals, the pin-ups, the whole
environment that is created in a classroom has positive impact on
student learning.
Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards (2008) stated that
implicit curriculum refers to “the educational environment in which
the explicit curriculum is presented”
Uzma Farzana binti Ridzuan

Source: Sekolah Rendah Islam Al-Amin Gombak (2018) Kelas Abad 21 2018 Retrieved from
http://www.al-amin.edu.my/sriaag/index.php/berita-al-amin-sriaag/602-kelas-abad-21-2018

Improves
vocabulary
and
language
skills
Improves
writing skills
Stronger
analytical
thinking
skills
Gain more
Knowledge
MORE
THAN JUST
A BOOK
CORNER
Through reading
corner the students
will be able to:

Reading corner in classroom have variety of books such as
traditional, fantasy stories, realistic fiction, historical fiction
and poetry.
Historical fiction storybook:
• Provide students with the knowledge as the stories set in the
past, accurately reflecting the time period in which they
occur.
• Students can relate and understand the content better rather
than reading factual text.
Factual text (History Textbook) Historical fiction storybook
Reading level of the textbook is too difficult,
wordy
Easy to read, not wordy
Less pictures and most of the pictures
are black and white
More pictures and colorful
Big Small

Reading corner in the classroom, will eventually develop and provide the students with
21st century skills of :
Critical thinking
• Students need the ability to think analytically, which includes
proficiency with comparing, contrasting, evaluating, synthesizing, and
applying without instruction or supervision.
• Think, reflect and make their own conclusion on the book they have
read.
Communication
• The students share what they read with their friends.
• By communication, it will represent of who they are as individuals in
every relationship and alliance they make in their lives.
• Communication skills will serve them well in both their personal and
professional lives.

• The National Philosophy of Education aim is to produce
individuals who are knowledgeable.
• So by reading corner in class, it will make the student seek and
gain knowledge at the same time.
• The more they read, the more knowledge they have.
• The books they read can reflect the diverse, multicultural
nature of our society, books where they can learn about
themselves and others.
• This power of knowledge that is able to transform them and
their networks makes it a very valuable commodity.
• Education is a lifelong process and man is constantly in need to
expand, explore and verify existing knowledge.

According to Angie Kordic (2015), murals can be defined as
any piece of artwork painted or applied directly onto a
wall, ceiling or other larger permanent surfaces, flat,
concave or convex, to be precise.

• Students get excited by art because we live in a visual world.
• Most of the students learn visually and to have murals on the classroom walls is to send
the message that the arts are important.
• Indirectly, the student will be interested in learning Arts and it support a natural
progression of skills of the student.
• Students not only enjoy the visual power and beauty that charges their class walls, but
they analyze the symbolism and message being promoted from the murals.
• Students are engaged to communicate with their peers about issues, topics, and imagery
important to them based on the mural they see on the wall.

Source : Liza (2010) Beberapa Contoh Mural Kelas Prasekolah Malaysia Retrieved from
http://portalprasksaa.blogspot.com/2010/01/beberapa-contoh-mural-kelas-prasekolah.html
Murals that is based on subject such as Physical
Education which emphasize on healthy eating
pyramid.
 Students learn visually, so they will take
visual information.
 Increases student memory of important
information.
 Students of all ages are far more likely to
remember visuals rather than words.
 Help students learn more effectively.
 Increase the student’s interest in the
subject matter.

By doing the mural together, it can
instill national identity among the
students.
 Mural can encourage unity and
cooperation from different races,
background and gender by
collaborating with one another
willingly.
 Eventually the 21st century skills
which are creativity, communication,
collaboration, can be enhance
through this activity. SMK Sungai Ara( 2013) Projek Mengecat & Melukis Mural Makmal Komputer
Retrieved from http://www.smksungaiara.edu.my/projek-mengecat-melukis-
mural-makmal-komputer
SMK Sungai Ara( 2013) Projek Mengecat & Melukis Mural Makmal Komputer
Retrieved from http://www.smksungaiara.edu.my/projek-mengecat-melukis-
mural-makmal-komputer

HIDDEN
CURRICULUM
Nur Atiqah binti Dzamzuri

According to the book
“Curriculum Development”
(Bilbao et al., 2008), hidden
curriculum is refers to the
physical condition of the
classroom or the school
environment, the mood of
the teacher or the students,
the teacher-learner
interaction, the peers
influence, and other factors
that may affect the delivery
of the lesson.
Definition

Refers to the silent teaching of norms, values, and
dispositions that occur through students’ participation
in social experiences in routine school activities.
Students need the skills and knowledge to uncover
the hidden rules and expectations that affect their
disposition, identities, and personalities.
May not be part of the curriculum but attribute to
students progress of identity and personality.
The Hidden Curriculum.

Example that
can be found
in hidden
curriculum.
Activities.
Inculcating positive
values and
attitudes.
Programmes.
Students learn to
follow teachers’
instructions.
Rules.
Helps to discipline
the students.

Example of
activities.
Participate in the
competition that
can build self-
confidence.
Volunteer to
conduct a group.
Trend Net. (2017). Someone Giving A Speech Clipart. Retrieved from
http://www.trendnet.me/someone-giving-a-speech-clipart.html

Ng Jing Yng. (2015, June 29). Sombre mood, heavy hearts as classes resume at TKPS. Retrieved from
https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/we-can-bounce-back-tkps-aims-recover-strongly-sabah-quake-tragedy

Chair and table
arrangement in the
classroom.
(21st Century Design)
Example of
programmes.
Comprehend the
students to recycle.
Laura. (2014,March 18) . Group Table With Material Box Centerpieces. Retrieved from
http://www.pearltrees.com/laurak95/classroom-set-up-management/id11051753/item107770250#l423

Example of rules.
Students are obligated to
always respect the elders.
Including the cleaner.
Throw rubbish into the
dustbin.

Those aspects of school, other than
the intentional curriculum, that
seem to produce changes in student
values, perceptions, and behaviours.
 Ideologies
(E.g: Democracy)
Values
(E.g: Punctuality)
 Organization
(E.g: Class size, special needs)

Effect of hidden curriculum in school.
To help students
gain an
understanding of
social norms.
Goals is improve
perception of the
students’
environment and
social expectations.
To help improve
expected
behaviours.
Will reflect society’s
attitudes and values
and prepares the
students for their
future role and
place in society.

•Curriculum is the total learning experience of
students as indicated by the different types of
curriculum.
•It also can be refers to all the knowledge, skills and
values which are planned and then implemented in
an educational institution and all the learning
experiences to be gained by the pupils formally
and informally.

REFERENCE
• Angie Kordic. (2015) Mural. The History and The Meaning
Retrieved from https://www.widewalls.ch/what-is-a-mural-the-history-and-meaning/
• Charity, C. (2015). Implicit curriculum in DE programs.
Retrieved from https://slideplayer.com/slide/4866904/
• Cortes, E. (1981). The societal curriculum and the school curriculum: Allies or anatagonists?. Retrieved
from http://www.ascd.org/ASCD/pdf/journals/ed_lead/el_197904_cortes.pdf
• Education Act. (1996). Laws of Malaysia: Education act 1996. Retrieved from
http://www.agc.gov.my/agcportal/uploads/files/Publications/LOM/EN/Act%20550.pdf
• EPAS. 2008. Educational policy and accreditation standards, Alexandria, VA: Council on Social Work
Education. [Google Scholar]
• Faqis Adnin. (September 2018). National philosophy of education. Retrieved from
http://languageacademy.utm.my/ahmadfaqisadnin/national-philosophy-of-education/
• Great School Partnership. (July 13, 2015). Hidden curriculum. Retrieved from
https://www.edglossary.org/hidden-curriculum/
• Jason Folkerts. (2016). 3 Reasons your school needs a mural.
Retrieved from https://www.jasonfolkerts.com/single-post/2016/10/24/3-Reasons-your-School-Needs-a-
Mural
• Malaysia Education Policy Review. (2013). Abridged report (Malaysia Education Policy Review). Retrieved
from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0022/002211/221132e.pdf

• National Council of Educational Research and Training (2018) Reading Corner
Retrieved from http://www.ncert.nic.in/departments/nie/dee/publication/pdf/
Readingcornerinenglish.pdf
• Stella McBride. (2016) Curriculum: An Introduction Douglas Gosse, PhD Assistant
Professor, Faculty of Education Office A145 Nipissing University 100 College Drive, Box
5002 North
Retrieved from https://slideplayer.com/slide/7806434/
• Susan B. Neuman. (2016) The Importance of the Classroom Library
Retrieved from
http://teacher.scholastic.com/products/paperbacks/downloads/library.pdf
• Tanner. (1980). Understanding curriculum. New York: Peter Lang.
• N.W (2016) Kids benefit from reading corners - Education , The Star Online
Retrieved fromhttps://www.thestar.com.my/news/education/2016/07/17/kids-
benefit-from-reading-corners/
• Oxford Primary (2018) More Than Just a Book Corner
Retrieved from https://educationblog.oup.com/primary/more-than-just-a-book-corner

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