this presentation is about the cell death and its types. which includes the necrosis and apoptosis and its other types with pictural demonstration

1. Presented To : Dr Ishtiaq Ahmed
Presented By : Umer Farooq
Login Id : 2021-dvmje-033
General Veterinary Pathology

2. Types of cell death
Cell death is the event of a biological cell ceasing
to carry out its functions.
3 major types of cell death.
 Apoptosis
 Autophagic cell death
 Necrosis

3. Apoptosis
 Latin word meaning “ fall off”.
 Process of programmed cell death.
 During early development to eliminate unwanted
cells.
 Eliminate dead cells.
 If doesn’t happen lead to uncontrolled cell division
and cause development of tumor.
 Hence absence of apoptosis cause cancer.
 To much apoptosis lead to neurodegenerative
diseases. For example certain parts of lower part of
brain causing Parkinson disease.

4. Events of apoptosis
 Blebbing
 Cell shrinkage
 Proteolysis
 Nuclear DNA fragmentation
These are morphological changes occurring in cell

6. Causes of apoptosis
 Sudden removal of survival signal
 Removal of disassociation from neighboring cells
 Cellular stress like
• High heat conditions
• DNA damage by irradiation/chemotherapy
• Pathogenic infections

7. Autophagic cell death
Cell death that occurs in absence of chromatin
condensation but accompanied by large scale
autophagic vacuolization of cytoplasm.
 Catabolic pathway
 Maintains cellular homeostasis through recycling
selective intracellular organelles and molecules
 Cellular contents are engulfed by autophagosomes
 Degraded upon autophagosomes fusion with
lysosome

8.  Occur in response to
• Apoptotic activity is reduced
• Fasting : body deprives of nutrients
• Calorie restriction
• Exercise

9. Necrosis
 Accidental cell death
 Too little blood flow to tissue leads necrosis
 Can be from injury , radiation , chemicals ,
infections
 Necrosis once happen cannot be reversed
 When large areas of tissues die due to lack of
blood supply this condition called gangrene

10. Necrosis begins with
• Cell swelling
• The chromatin gets digested
• The plasma and organelles are disrupted
• ER vacuolizes
• The organelles breakdown completely
• Finally the cell lyses
• And spreads its intracellular contents

11. Types of necrosis

13. THANK YOU