You are lost in the national park of Bandrika. Tourists comprise 23.pdf

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You are lost in the national park of Bandrika. Tourists comprise 2/3 of the visitors to the park and give the correct answer to requests for directions with probability 3/4. If you ask a native badrikan for directions the answer is always false. (A) You ask a passer-by for directions to the exit. What is the probability that the directions are correct? (B) Calculate the probability that the passer-by was a tourist given that the directions were correct. (C) It turns out the directions are NOT correct. Calculate teh probability that the passer-by was a tourist. Solution A.) P(Directions correct) = (2/3)*(3/4) + (1/3)*(0) = 1/2 = 0.5 B.) P(Tourist|Directions correct) = (2/3)*(3/4)/P(Directions correct) = 0.5/0.5 = 1 C.) P(Directions not correct) = 1 - P(Directions correct) = 1 - 0.5 = 0.5 P(tourist|Directions not correct) = (2/3)*(1/4)/P(Directions not correct) = (1/6)/0.5 = 1/3.

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Describe in words the phylogenetic relationships among Eusthenopteron, Tiktaalik, a modern salamander, and you. Be sure to describe which are more closely related to each other. Solution Answer: Eusthenopteron, Tiktaalik, modern salamander and humans mark a morphological transition from fishes to tetrapods and to bipedals like humans. Eusthenopteron was a large fish (predatory) that were mainly marine, but also inhabited shallow esturine waters. Eusthenopteron share its phylogenetic relationships with early tetrapods on the basis of its folded dentition. Moreover, its pectoral and pelvic fins were homologous to radius, ulna, tibia and fibula of modern tetrapods. Tiktaalik (also called transitional fossil) marked the transition from aquatic to land in early tetrapods. Although being a fish, it exhibited morphological characters similar to transition from water to terrestrial life. It lacks the operculum which converts the bony connection between head and body to a more flexible neck like structure. This allowed their head movements out of water. Modern salamaders are tetrapod amphibians typically characterized by appearances which are lizard like and have the unique capability of limb regeneration. They are related to modern day humans with respect to the evolution of lungs and four limbs and also in the pattern of shull development. Among the organisms mentioned above, Eusthenopteron and Tiktaalik are more closely related phylogenetically. Evidences include their fin morphology..

Describe in words the phylogenetic relationships among Eusthenoptero.pdf

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Why do scientists refer to Charles Darwin\'s ideas about evolution as the theory of evolution? A.After numerous hypotheses were developed by Charles Darwin, they were collected together into a theory. B.Contemporary scientists do not accept it as a viable way of looking at the world. C.Evolution only works theoretically. D.It is the best understanding that we have of that part of the natural world. A.After numerous hypotheses were developed by Charles Darwin, they were collected together into a theory. B.Contemporary scientists do not accept it as a viable way of looking at the world. C.Evolution only works theoretically. D.It is the best understanding that we have of that part of the natural world. Solution D.It is the best understanding that we have of that part of the natural world. Theory of Evolution is one of the best substantiated theories that explains the formation of species on this planet. It is supported by evidence from a wide variety of scientific disciplines, including paleontology, geology, genetics and developmental biology. D.It is the best understanding that we have of that part of the natural world..

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Which system performs better: using OFDM to service two different users simultaneously with two 20 MHz channels or using OFDMA to service these two users asynchronously using a 40 MHz channel? Can OFDMA achieve better performance than MU-MIMO? Justify your reasoning in terms of the number of simultaneous users supported, multipath mitigation, and the achievable data rate or throughput. Hint: OFDMA may allow all channels of say the 2.4 or 5 GHz bands to be used simultaneously. Solution Multiple input, multiple output-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) is the dominant air interface for 4G and 5G broadband wireless communications. It combines multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) technology, which multiplies capacity by transmitting different signals over multiple antennas, and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), which divides a radio channel into a large number of closely spaced subchannels to provide more reliable communications at high speeds. Research conducted during the mid-1990s showed that while MIMO can be used with other popular air interfaces such as time division multiple access (TDMA) and code division multiple access (CDMA), the combination of MIMO and OFDM is most practical at higher data rates. MIMO-OFDM is the foundation for most advanced wireless local area network (wireless LAN) and mobile broadband network standards because it achieves the greatest spectral efficiency and, therefore, delivers the highest capacity and data throughput. Greg Raleigh invented MIMO in 1996 when he showed that different data streams could be transmitted at the same time on the same frequency by taking advantage of the fact that signals transmitted through space bounce off objects (such as the ground) and take multiple paths to the receiver. That is, by using multiple antennas and precoding the data, different data streams could be sent over different paths. Raleigh suggested and later proved that the processing required by MIMO at higher speeds would be most manageable using OFDM modulation, because OFDM converts a high-speed data channel into a number of parallel, lower-speed channels. OFDMA with 40 MHz will perform better.

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Which of the following is a method of reproduction that plants cannot do to generate offspring? sexual reproduction fragmentation apomixis binary fission Solution Correct answer is binary fission plants can reproduce by sexual reproduction- sexual reproduction is the formation of off spring by the fusion of gamates. For example sexual reproduction in angiosperm fragmentation- It is a form of asexual reproduction in which an organism split into fragments such as molds, lichens and many more plants apomixis- it is also an asexual reproduction..

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What is an interface ? How is extending a class different from implementing an interface ? Solution Interface :- Interface is also one type class; it is a fully un-implemented class. It is used for creating a new type of object only by declaring set of operations of this object. So interface contains only public static final variables and public abstract methods for declaring object operations. Interface is mainly introduced to develop multiple implementation inheritance. How is extending a class different from implementing an interface ? Because a class can extend an another class. But one and only a class implements an interface. Example :- Interface I1 { } Interface I2 { } class A { } class c extends A { } class c extends A implements I1,I2 { }.

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Using Windows Batch in command prompt. - Call this program Create a batch file that when executed will display the following. Include a pause between each command 1 - For the current computer find the path that is used to search for executable programs. 2 - Find fiu.edu\'s ip address. 3 - Show the active connections in the current computer 4 - Find the routers used to reach google.com 5 - The IP address of the current computer Do the same above with Linux Terminal Mode Solution Create a text file in desktop. Rename it using .bat extension. Open it with note pad and type the following command there: ECHO OFF 1) dir /s /b *.exe PAUSE 2) ping , where is the computer name or domain name PAUSE 3) when the cmd opens type - netstat -a PAUSE 4) ping google.com PAUSE 5) on cmd window type- ipconfig PAUSE save the file..

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what are the consequences of HWE on allele and genotype frequencies? Solution The Hardy-Weinberg law states that the proportions or frequencies of the alleles in gene pool of a population remain constant or at equilibrium from generation to generation unless acted upon by agents other than sexual recombination. The genotypic frequencies stabilize after one generation in proportions determined by allelic frequencies. The Hardy-Weinberg equation provides a standard to measure the changes in allele frequencies occurring in the natural populations without this equation the change in the frequency of alleles the magnitude and direction of the alleles and the forces responsible for change in allele characteristics can not be detected. Apart from the natural selection the change in the composition of the gene pool of a population is influenced by other conditions as follows:- Mutations alter the gene pool by changing one allele in to another. Mutations are the heritable changes in the genotype and can be caused by addition or deletion of few nucleotides in a DNA molecule or segments of chromosomes or whole set of chromosomes. Mutations may occur spontaneously and randomly. The rate of spontaneous mutations is generally low but can bring about the evolutionary change because the variation is acted upon by evolutionary forces. Movement of individuals leads to the transfer of alleles in to the population and can change the gene pools. The gene flow or movement of alleles occurs due to immigration or emigration of individuals. Incase of plants the gene flow is possible through the movement of pollen between populations. The gene flow can introduce new alleles in to the populations or can change the frequency of existing alleles. The overall effect of gene flow is to decrease the difference the populations. Large population size can alter the frequencies or relative proportions of alleles in a gene pool. Population size is more important to estimate the frequency of alleles in the gene pool. A defective allele with 1% frequency in a population containing 1 million individuals the affected population would be 20,000. If few individuals of this population with the defective gene are destroyed before producing the progeny the effect on the frequency on defective allele would be negligible. In a population of 50 individuals the frequency of defective allele would be 1 in 80. Thus, the change in the gene pool takes place by chance is known as genetic drift and it plays a major role in determination of evolution of small populations. The gene pool is altered when the population is deviated by the random mating. Random mating results in the mating of population with the close neighbors and large populations contain the closely related individuals. Inbreeding is resulted due to non random mating of closely related individuals. The non random mating does not change the frequencies of alleles in the gene pool but affects the genotypic frequencies..

what are the consequences of HWE on allele and genotype frequencies.pdf

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What are three major operating characteristics of air filters? Solution Characteristics of Air Filters: 1. The material of the air filters attracts the particles in the air, so that they get stick to it, and does not pass through it. Sometimes an absorbent like charcoal may be also used with the filter material to abosrb the dust. 2. The performance depends on the ability to arrest the movement of the particles but allowing the air, so their design varies as per the requirement. Some high performance filters can filter very small particles. 3. Some filters may be made reusable with the rewashing, but they are very less common. Three common types of air filters are: (a)Fibreglass Filters: They use fibreglass layers to form the filter media. (b) Polyester and pleated filters they have higher air resistance than fibreglass but can stop smaller size particles as well. (c) High efficiency particulate arrestance (HEPA) filters. Very fine particles can be arrested by such filters. It filters 99.97 percent of all particles of size 0.3 microns or larger..

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Three kinds of macromolecules are present in cell membranes. What are they? What larger structures do they make? What are the essential aspects of these structures that dictate their function? Solution Three kinds of macromolecules are present in cell membranes: Lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates These three macromolecules together to form a complex phospholipid bilayer in which periplasmic proteins are distributed in a mosaic manner. The large fluid mosaic structure is formed from these macromolecules composed of phospholipid bilayers with protein channels for the transport of organic & inorganic nutrients including trace metal. Normally, the essential aspects of these structures composed of \"porins, protein channels, integral proteins” that dictate their function for the selective permeability, diffusion of nutrients across the membrane into & out of the cell finally to attain homeostasis For instance, fluid mosaic model describes that two-dimensional liquid layer of cell membrane where proteins distributed like mosaic model in the phospholipid bilayer. This model mostly accepted by biologists Role of the protein molecules in this model cell membrane layers are membrane extracellular protein domains in connection to the lipid bilayer membrane. Membrane phospholipids are the molecules with hydrophillic polar heads towards the solvent such as water whereas hydrophobic tail located towards the center of the layer and this bilayer formed by micelles, as fatty acids possess one polar associated with another nonpolar head. Cell membrane possesses a property known as selective permeability. Cell membrane consists of phopholipid bilayer that also include several of the transmembrane proteins, ion channels etc. Small, nonpolar molecules with hydrophobic nature diffuse more easily into the cell membrane. Similarly, proteins interact and assemble themselves to form several layers of structures in our body. Small particles are such as oxygen and CO2, urea can cross the lipid bilayer easily through diffusion compared to glucose (channel mediated-sodium dependent transport into the cell), amino acids (channel mediated) and various ions etc. Atoms.

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The parasitoid wasp, Leptopilina heterotoma, injects eggs into young larvae of fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster. One reaction by the flies is to self-medicate by consuming alcohol (ethanol), which is naturally present in the decaying fruits where they live. The ethanol reduces ovi-position by wasps, and it increases death rated of wasp larvae within parasitized flies. Kacsoh et al. (2013) investigated whether the presence of the wasp influences where female fruit flies prefer to lay their eggs. They presented female flies in cages with two dishes of fly food, one having 6% ethanol and the other with 0% ethanol. They recorded the proportion of eggs laid in the 6% ethanol dish when females were placed with female wasps, with male wasps, or with no wasps. Solution.

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Shown in the diagram is a simple biochemical pathway. The substrates and product are illustrated in the color they produce. We have a pure-breeding orange mutant and a pure-breeding purple mutant, each affected at one gene in the pathway above (all other genes being wildtype). If we cross the orange and the purple mutants, what would we see in the offspring? Indicate any ratios expected, phenotypes observed and any phenomena exhibited If we cross those offspring, what do we expect to observe? Indicate any ratios expected, phenotypes observed and any phenomena exhibited Enzyme catalysis Enzyme catalysis Enzyme catalysis Enzyme catalysis Enzyme catalysis Solution Explanation :-If we cross pure breeding orange mutant with pure breeding purple mutant the F1 would be normal that would be heterozygous for orange and purple alleles due to complementary gene interaction. F1=AaBBCcDDEE. The biochemical pathway woyld be normal because normal orange/purple allele of one would complment each other. Normally complementary ratio is 9:7 for dihybrid cross..

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