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1. Dr. T.Mangaleswaran
Senior Lecturer
Dept. of Economics and Management

2.  Literature:
all sources of published material
 Literature search/ survey :
Process of exploring the existing literature to ascertain
what has been written or otherwise published on your
chosen research topic, how previous has been conducted
and how this impact on your research problem
 Literature review:
“It is a written summary of the findings from your
literature search”
-Important part of any research
-Provide background and justification for your research
-Part of proposal & one of the chapter in final report
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3. Increase knowledge of the subject
Application of different research
methodologies
Define research topic and Focus
research topic
Develop and support
Feasible
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4.  It can come before the problem or question
is stated
 It can follow the problem or question. what
is known about that problem and what is not
known .
 Various other literature reviews can occur at
any time in a research project and in the
text.
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5.  It is not a casual reading like reading of story
or novel
 It is focuses towards specific purposes
 It is also selective
 Starts with the problem continues ends with
report writing
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6.  To gain a background knowledge of the
research topic
 To identify the concepts relating to it
 To identify appropriate methodology
 To identify data sources
 To learn how others structured reports
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7.  Dictionaries & encyclopedias
 Books
 Journals
 Newspapers
 Govt. publication
 Dissertation /thesis
 Conference proceedings
 Standards (LKS)
 Statistics
 Directories
 Company annual report
 Market report & surveys
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8.  Drawbacks in manual
 Electronic form
 Online data bases
 Off line databases
 Online data bases
EMERALD
EBSCO
PROQUEST
ABI/INFORM
BIDS
CSA
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9.  To decide what information is useful and
what is not useful
 To determine how to record what is gathered
from a published material
 To set up an orderly recording or note taking
system
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10.  Index card
 Keeping Manually-kind of order-alphabetical
 Computerized record on Pen drive, disk
 Create own database with the help of
Endnote software
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11.  Types of Cards
1. Source cards for noting bibliographic
information
2. Note cards for note taking
 Source cards: should be made in proper
bibliographic format
 Note cards: format
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12.  3” *5”
 Book:
 Author’s name, the title of the book, the
publisher’s name, place, year
 Article:
 Author’s name, the title of the article, the
journal name, publisher’s name, vol, issue, page
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Authors
name
Year Title of
Article
Journal
name
Vol. Issue Page

13.  Information extracted
 Sinle fact or idea on each card
 On the left-hand top corner reference code
 On the right hand top corner information
related entered
 Title of broad theme
 Title of specific idea
 Body of the card: name of the author, idea
extracted
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14.  Decide the scope of your research and set
your parameters
 Determine the key words
 Collect articles, books, journals, papers etc
 Use the reference given in the literature
 Continue throughout your study-up to date
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15.  Harvard system:
 Used in social sciences, anthropology, and
life sciences
 Vancouver system:
 Applied sciences
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16.  Authors (s)’s surname, first name in any
subsequent initials.
 Year of publicahon (in barcket)
 Title of the article (inverted commos) with
initial capital
 Title of the journal (in italics, underlined or
bold type).
 Volume number
 Issue number (in bracket)
 Page number (singel p[age”p” of multiple
page “pp”
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17.  Author or editor (s) surname, first name with
initials.
 Year of publication (inbrackets)
 Title of the book (in italics, underlines, or
bold type)
 Edition
 Place of publication
 Publishers
 Page numbers
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18.  The Harvard System Shows the Citations
within the text in brackets.
 Surname of the authors (S), the year of
publication.
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19.  Questions
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