Organic Light Emitting Diode or OLED An OLED is a solid state device or electronic device that typically consists of organic thin films sandwiched between two thin film conductive electrodes. When electrical current is applied, a bright light is emitted. OLED use a carbon-based designer molecule that emits light when an electric current passes through it. This is called electrophosphorescence. Even with the layered system, these systems are thin . usually less than 500 nm or about 200 times smaller than a human hair.

1. WELCOME

2. Presented By
HAREESH KM
S5 EPT
12190027

4. INTRODUCTIO
N
o Uses organic light emitting diode(OLED).
o Emerging Technology for displays in
devices.
o Main principle behind OLED technology
is electroluminescence.
o Offers brighter, thinner, high contrast,
flexible displays.

5. HISTOR
Y
 The first OLED device was developed by Eastman Kodak
in 1987.
 In 1996, pioneer produces the world’s first commercial
PMOLED.
 In 2000, many companies like Motorola, LG etc developed
various displays.
 In 2001, Sony developed world’s largest fullcolor OLED.
 In 2002, approximately 3.5 million passive matrix OLED
sub-displays were sold, and over 10 million were sold in
2003.

6. What is an OLED ?
• OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
• An OLED is an electronic device made by placing a
series of organic thin films between two conductors. When
electrical current is applied, a bright light is emitted.
• A device that is 100 to 500 nanometers thick or about
200 times smaller than a human hair.
.

7. What is OLED?
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
An OLED is any light emitting diode (LED) which emissive
electroluminescent layer is composed of a film of organic
compounds.

8. FEATURE
S
Flexibility.
 Emissive Technology.
Light weight and thin.
Low power consumption.
High contrast, brighter and perfect display from all

9. OLED STRUCTURE

10. Architecture of OLEDs
 Substrate (clear plastic, glass, foil) - The substrate supports
the OLED.
Anode (transparent) - The anode removes electrons (adds
electron "holes") when a current flows through the device
 Cathode (may or may not be transparent
depending on the type of OLED) - The
cathode injects electrons when a current
flows through the device.

11.  Organic layer:
 Conducting layer - This layer is made of
organic plastic molecules that transport "holes"
from the anode. One conducting polymer used
in OLEDs is polyaniline.
 Emissive layer - This layer is made of organic
plastic molecules (different ones from the
conducting layer) that transport electrons from
the cathode; this is where light is made. One
polymer used in the emissive layer is
polyfluorene.

12. Working
Principle(figure)

13. WORKING PRINCIPLE
o A voltage is applied across the anode and cathode.
o Current flows from cathode to anode through the organic
layers.
o Electrons flow to emissive layer from the cathode.
o Electrons are removed from conductive layer leaving
holes.
o Holes jump into emissive layer .
o Electron and hole combine and light emitted.

15. Types of OLEDs
 Passive-matrix OLED
 Active-matrix OLED
 Top-emitting OLED
 Transparent OLED
 Foldable OLED
 White OLED

16. Passive-Matrix OLED (PMOLED)

17. Passive-Matrix OLED
(PMOLED)
PMOLEDs are easy to make, but they consume
more power than other types of OLED, mainly due to
the power needed for the external circuitry.
PMOLEDs are most efficient for text and icons and
are best suited for small screens (2- to 3-inch
diagonal) such as those you find in cell phones, PDAs
and MP3 players.

20. Active-Matrix OLED
(AMOLED)
 AMOLEDs consume less power than PMOLEDs
because the TFT array requires less power than
external circuitry, so they are efficient for large
displays.
 AMOLEDs also have faster refresh rates suitable
for video.
 The best uses for AMOLEDs are computer
monitors, large-screen TVs and electronic signs or
billboards

21. Active-Matrix OLED (AMOLED)

24. Transparent OLED
(TOLED)

25. Transparent OLED
(TOLED)
When turned off, are up
to 85 percent as
transparent as their
substrate.
 When it is turned on, it
allows light to pass in both
directions.
They are either active-
or passive-matrix. This
technology can be used
for heads-up displays.

26. Foldable OLED (FOLED)

27. Foldable OLED
(FOLED) Foldable OLEDs have
substrates made of very
flexible metallic foils or
plastics.
 Potentially, foldable
OLED displays can be
attached to fabrics to
create "smart" clothing.

29. White OLED
(WOLED)
 White OLEDs emit white light that is
brighter, more uniform and more energy
efficient than that emitted by fluorescent
lights.
 White OLEDs also have the true-color
qualities of incandescent lighting.
 Because OLEDs can be made in
large sheets, they can replace
fluorescent lights

31. Advantages
 Much faster response time
 Consume significantly less energy
 Able to display "True Black" picture
 Wider viewing angles
 Thinner display
 Better contrast ratio
 Safer for the environment
 Has potential to be mass produced
inexpensively
 OLEDs refresh almost 1,000 times
faster then LCDs

32. DISADVANTAGES

33. PROBLEMS WITH OLED
OLED seem to be the perfect technology for all types of displays
but they also have some problems:
•Lifetime:- While red and green OLED films have long lifetimes
(10000 to 40000 hours), blue organics currently have much
shorter lifetimes (only about 10000 hours).
•Manufacturing :- Manufacturing processes are expensive right
now.
•Water:- Water can easily damage OLEDs

34. Applications of OLEDs
 TVs
 Cell Phone screens
 Computer Screens
 Keyboards (Optimus Maximus)
 Lights
 Portable Divice displays

35. FUTURE USES FOR OLED
Lighting
• Flexible / bendable lighting
• Wallpaper lighting defining new ways
to light a space
• Transparent lighting doubles as a
window
Cell Phones
• Nokia 888
Scroll Laptop
• Nokia concept OLED Laptop

36. CONCLUSION
• Organic Light Emitting Diodes are
evolving as the next generation displays.
• As OLED display technology matures, it
will be better able to improve upon certain
existing limitations of LCD including
• high power consumption
• limited viewing angles
• poor contrast ratios.