Essay On Aboriginal People Of Canada

Essay on Aboriginal People of Canada
Aboriginal People of Canada
Over the past decades, Aboriginal people (the original people or indigenous occupants of a particular country), have been oppressed by the Canadian
society and continue to live under racism resulting in gender/ class oppression. The history of Colonialism, and Capitalism has played a significant role
in the construction and impact of how Aborignal people are treated and viewed presently in the Canadian society. The struggles, injustices, prejudice,
and discrimination that have plagued Aboriginal peoples for more than three centuries are still grim realities today. The failures of Canada's racist
policies toward Aboriginal peoples are reflected in the high levels of unemployment and poor education. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The British were interested in the production and circulation of fur as a commodity in the world market and were in need of labor. The Indians were
the only available source of skilled labor, so they became part of the production process.
From Colonialization, Capitalism came which resulted in the disintegration of communal and egalitarian societies that the indigenous created, which in
turn, became the exploited labor force in the commodity production. European ethnocentrism and racism also affected patterns of Aboriginal
socialization. Since most whites viewed all aspects of indigenous life to be culturally and morally inferior, missionaries made efforts to eliminate the
egalitarianism customs of Aboriginal societies and to promote the norms of the dominant European patriarchal society. The perceived differences
between men and women led to cultural genocide.
Capitalism is an economic and social system that focuses on pursuit of profit. It has also involved the presence of exchange of goods for money or
other goods, and the organization of production and distribution of goods . One example of this is the Hudson's Bay fur trade. " The fur trade of the
Hudson's Bay basin initially transformed the indigenous communal societies in order to exploit Indian labor in the commodity production of fur"
(Bourgeault, 41). Capitalism uses market relations (including class relationship) "…Capitalism centered in the Red
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Indigenous People Groups In Canada
Different indigenous people groups had possessed what is presently Canada for a large number of years before European colonization. Starting in the
sixteenth century, English and French cases were made on the region, with the state of Canada initially being built up by the French in 1535 amid
Jacques Cartier's second voyage to New France. As a result of different clashes, Extraordinary England picked up and lost domains inside English North
America until the point that it was left, in the late eighteenth century, with what for the most part geologically involves Canada today. Compliant with
the English North America Act, on July 1, 1867, the states of Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia joined to shape the semi–self–governing
government

History Of The Black People Of Canada
If you think that the Black Canadians were unified, well by the end of this I will change your mind. This is one of the first reasons why, all of the
Black Canadians were promised to be given freedom if they would fight on the British side during the war, but not all of them agreed to this order
as nearly 3500 of them stayed to fight war and the rest went to find a better path of escaping slavery, many of them worked as labor workers,
soldiers, pilots cooks etc. After the Canadian Confederation took place, many of the Black Canadians were enticed by the recruitment campaigns
which led to Canada's prairie provinces. Because of all this, the Black Canadians were divided into separate groups and sent off to different prairie
provinces, there were some of them in Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Harry Jerome who was a track and field runner, Portia White the operatic contralto as well as others with many great professions. Although, a lot of
the Black Canadians stuck together, there were still many people that left to find a better life for themselves and soon after they were all across
Canada. The country now what we call Canada, was home to a great amount of people but there were groups of them everywhere meaning there was
no actual symbolism for them (since they were not together as one team at one

The Aboriginal Peoples Of Canada
The Aboriginal peoples of Canada had gone through many situations to get to where they are today with their education system. Pain, sorrow, doubt,
and hope are all feelings brought to mind when thinking about the history and the future of Aboriginal education. By taking a look at the past, anyone
can see that the right to education for Aboriginal peoples has been fought about as early as the 1870s. This is still is a pressing issue today. Elder
teachings, residential, reserve and post–secondary schools have all been concerning events of the past as well as the present. Though education has
improved for the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, there are still many concerns and needs of reconciliation for the past to improve the future. Before
schooling was mandatory for Aboriginal peoples, they all learned from each other. Parents would teach their children how to live, right from wrong
and their ways of life. Elders would share knowledge by oral stories and traditions. Many people of all ages would gather to listen to what the elders
had to say. The way of life for the Aboriginal peoples of Canada was simple and complete. Everyone helped each other and did things that benefited
one another. When the Europeans came to North America they way of life of the Aboriginal peoples was threatened. Once Canada started to form,
things for them started to drastically change and the government decided to create residential schools. Residential schools started in the 1870s in
Canada. These

TRC: Truth And Reconciliation Of Indigenous People In Canada
Rough Copy
CRT
Bailey White
Introduction
In this report it will talk about the TRC (Truth and Reconciliation Agreement .) This is an agreement about reconciliation and changing our view of the
native Americans while making a stronger country. This report will outline how the passed is in oureducation systems, and how it has affected Canada
as a country and many of the citizens individually.
Background
Since 1961 indigenous people have faced many historic issues. Many of the historic problems was an effort to destroy their cultures and change the
way of their life, for example the residential schools. Thankfully many indigenous people are still living after all the harm that has taken place and we
are continuing to make an effort for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(n.d.). Retrieved April 06, 2016, from http://www.trc.ca/websites/reconciliation/index.php?p=312
Reconciliation Canada. (n.d.). Retrieved April 04, 2016, from http://reconciliationcanada.ca/staging/about–2/team/chief–dr–robert–joseph/
Reconciliation Canada. Retrieved April 06, 2016, from http://reconciliationcanada.ca/staging/about–2/history–and–background
/reconciliation–week–2013/
Residential Schools. (n.d.). Retrieved April 04, 2016, from http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/residential–schools/
TRC. (n.d.). Retrieved April 06, 2016, from

The Role Of Discrimination Against First Nations People In...
Since Canada has been founded by European settlers and constituted as a country, there has been victimization against First Nations people by the
Canadian government. There are three problems that will be addressed, First off, the government has been taking away and in some cases polluting the
First Nations land (Lukacs, M, 2015). Secondly, to this day the Canadian government pays less attention to missing aboriginal women. (Still thinking
about the second point) Finally, in the past, there has been serious discrimination toward the First Nations people from residential schools (News, C,
2016). With each problem, there can also be a solution. As each point will be discussed, the best solution will be provided that will satisfy the First

The Indigenous Peoples Of Canada
The Indigenous Peoples of Canada as a community were violated in numerous ways including colonization. The prolonged transgression of the
Indigenous Peoples has left them in arguably the worst environmental, educational, social and economic state in the Nation decades after initial contact
(Canadian Population Health Initiative, 2004). As a direct result traditions pertaining to all aspects of Indigenous life were affected, specifically
traditional means of health. In an attempt to figuratively breathe new life into a wounded community, efforts have been made to bring back the ways of
Aboriginal midwifery in Nunavut, QuГ©bec and Ontario. Facilities in said provinces have been established to provide culturally safe care, putting to
use ancestral medicine and qualified First Nation midwives. The current health statistics and feedback received after introducing these types of
facilities have been positive in improving health care for Aboriginal women, and also positively bringing about a sense of cultural revival.
Statistical State of the Nation
Health wise the Indigenous population of Canada have been found to have a much higher rate of major health problems in comparison to the
non–Indigenous populations. Rates of cardiovascular disease, obesity, arthritis and hypertension are all higher than non–Aboriginal Canadian rates (
First Nations and Inuit Reginal Health Survey, 1999). The Indigenous population comprised of 4.3% of the population in 2011 but accounted for 12.2%
of

The First Nations Peoples Of Canada
The First Nations peoples of Canada's right to self–govern has been a widely debated and highly controversial topic since the British North America
Act in 1867, when the Canadian government gained the authority to negotiate treaties with the First Nations and purchase their land. First Nations
people believe that they have an inherent right to self–govern, as they were the sole inhibitors of Canada before the Europeans made contact in the
1500's. Before colonization, the aboriginals had formed their own communities, each with it's own culture, customs and laws; they occupied their own
land and had chiefs to govern their people. In 1876, the government of Canada passed the Indian Act, a legislation which defined who is and isn't...
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The Semiahmoo recently became aware of their council's exorbitant salaries through the First Nation Financial Transparency Act, learning that their
chief was making an annual salary of upwards of $267,309, and their councillor $187,138, while the rest of the reserve survives in semi–squalor
conditions. Members of the band have come forward with some of the living conditions; "band members were struggling month–to–month in mouldy
homes with poor drinking water and lack of sewer pipes, while nothing had been done to provide social programs or other amenities", as told by
Darlene Clark, one of the two cousins who belong to the Semiahmoo band who are calling for an audit as soon as possible. Another resident also
mentioned that he "relies on food banks to survive". With so many people on reserves living in third world conditions in a country with such a high
standard of living, due to greed and corruption by it's leaders; the First Nation's community is not ready for self–governance. With the little control that
the state has allowed the First Nations, the majority have shown that they cannot uphold a suitable standard of living and next to no social programs
for their people. If given the opportunity to govern themselves, this situation would likely stay the same.
Allowing self–governing of First Nations groups is only continuing the racial apartheid in Canada. The government needs to implement a system of
equality where racial

Aboriginal People In Canada
History
The first people, or aboriginal people, of Canada consists of the Inuits, MГ©tis, and various groups of Indians referred to as the First Nations.
Although all three groups are considered aboriginal, the very first people to settle in Canada were the First Nations. They were followed by the
MГ©tis, and finally Inuits. Various pieces of information, such as bones and artifacts, show that the First nations arrived atCanada right after the last
Ice age, which is approximately 12,000 years ago. At that time, America and Asia were joined by a land bridge, and people were spreading across the
world. Scientists believe that a group of nomadic hunters followed big game from Asia to present day Alaska. Then, they spread across Canada, and
settled. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Canada purchased the middle west from the Hudson's Bay Company, leading to the formation of the provinces of Manitoba, founded in 1870,
Alberta, founded in 1905, and Saskatchewan, also founded in 1905. At the same time, the provinces of British Columbia (1871) and Prince Edward
Island (1873) joined. In 1885, a railway was constructed, linking the majority of the provinces and stretching from coast to coast. Canada, officially
known as the Dominion of Canada, is divided into provinces and territories. These provinces and territories include the provinces of Alberta, British
Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, and Prince Edward Island, while the territories consist of
the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Yukon. The national anthem of Canada is named "O Canada." It was originally planned as music for a
ceremony in 1880, composed by Calixa LavallГ©e. Later, the poet Sir Adolphe–Basile Routhier wrote lyrics, in French. The lyrics were translated in
1906, but a person named Robert Stanley Weir wrote a different version in 1908. His version became the commonly used version, and has been
revised twice. Shown below are the lyrics for the french, the french translated, and the official

Indigenous People In Canada
Canada Вas a nation is known to the world for being loving, courteous, and typically very welcoming of all ethnicities. Nevertheless, the treatment of
Canada's Indigenous population over the past decades, appears to suggest otherwise. Indigenous people have been tormented and oppressed by the
Canadian society for hundreds of years and remain to live under discrimination resulting in cultural brutality. This, and more, has caused severe negative
cultural consequences, psychological and sociological effects. The history of the seclusion of Indigenous people has played a prominent aspect in the
development and impact of how Indigenous people are treated and perceived in today's society. Unfortunately, our history with respect to the treatment
of Indigenous communities is not something in which we should take pride in. The Indian Act of 1876 is an excellent model of how the behavior of
racial and cultural superiority attributed to the destruction of Indigenous culture and beliefs. The Indian Act established by the Canadian government is
a policy of Aboriginal assimilation which compels Indigenous parents under threat of prosecution to integrate their children into Residential Schools.
As a nation, we are reminded by past actions that has prompted the weakening of the identity of Indigenous peoples. Residential schools has also
contributed to the annihilation of Indigenous culture which was to kill the Indian in the child by isolating them from the influence of their parents and

Indigenous People In Canada
Introduction It is very difficult to define indigenous people. No philosopher has invented a holistic definition of these people of the world. However,
they are those people too impoverished in all societies worldwide, reorganized by their respective societies as indigenous natives, are identified with the
pre and post colonial continuity, having links with historical kingdoms and live around natural resources with a peculiar political, economic and social
set up. Over seventy nations of this world habit indigenous people estimated to be 370 millions. What is so important is that they a rich in cultural
archeology, linguistically exorbitant with diverse religions, storytelling, art and traditions. In states where colonial... Show more content on
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Mental health or disorders Mental and health disorders also give a measure of hospital management for the mentally indigenous people. Statistics show
that for the period 2005– 2006, health officials registered a high number of mentally sick patients of this kind in Australia. (Australian institute of
Health and welfare and australian Bureau of statistics, 2008, p. P.111). Majority of them had psychoactive problems at 5:3 ratios for both male and
female respectively, some of which were self induced. In Canada, the situation is caused by induced and self imposed racial discrimination. For all
these reasons, the United Nations argued countries to avoid racial discrimination by promoting equality in the provision of health services and
affirmative action in indigenous communities. (United Nations Development Program (UNDP) , 2000, P.10). Life expectancy In Australia, the life
expectancy at birth for the males had reduced and health authorities expressed the desire to improve it. Based on statistics for 2005–2007, males'
expectancy was 67.2 years showing a drop by 11.5 years for non indigenous people. For females, the standing is 72.9 years below non indigenous
people by 9.7 years. From 1996–2001, the male to female ratio was at59.4:64.8 years. This meant that the Australian government had taken up

The residential school era would be one of the most detrimental periods for aboriginal since first contact in 1492. The assimilation of aboriginals into
the western culture is seen as one of the most colonial events in human history, and the legacy it's left behind has left a people robbed of both tangible
and intangible features of aboriginal culture. During this time, young aboriginal children were taken from homes and placed in overnight schools,
where they would be stripped of their religion and culture, and be forced to adapt into North American European society. They would be taught the
ways of Christianity, which according to European settlers as the "true faith, and only faith", abandoning their Native American roots, in both religion...
"The origins of alcohol abuse can be found in early Canadian history with the introduction of liquor by European fur traders in the early 17th century.
Prior to this, drunkenness and violence were virtually unknown to Aboriginal people who had a very low incidence of violence in their own
communities." (Deborah, Chansonneuve. "Adaptive behaviours among aboriginal Peoples in Canada." Aboriginal Healing Foundation, 2007) this
would be the beginning of native genetic predisposition to consuming larger amounts of alcohol with the correct stressors. As settlers introduced the
residential schools two centuries later in attempt to assimilate indigenous culture, this would lead so much post dramatic stress and depression. Young
aboriginal children, would be taken from their homes, and brought to schools across Canada and the U.S., turning into property of the government.
Conditions of residential schools would be treacherous, as many schools had unsanitary and unsafe living quarters, which played a large roll in the
many casualties at the hands of the government. Any child who lived there would be given poor quality meals, ripped clothing, and daily verbal and
physical abuse would be a part of everyday life. From these traumatic experiences that would endure for three centuries, this would leave many young
aboriginal minds in states of hurt and oppression, which would lead to addiction to substances in order to cop from such horrific

Situation Of Indigenous People In Canada
Debate Response # 2
"Do you feel the government is doing enough to address the situation of indigenous people in Canada?"
The simple answer to this question is no. However, many situations, history, and aspects, acts and laws, need to be taken into consideration to have a
full understanding of what the government has done and has not done to help the indigenous people in Canada. It must also be noted that many of the
things the government implemented to help, actually backfired and caused more harm than good. The Indian Act was established to ensure thatFirst
Nations individuals received protection and certain consideration under Canadian laws (White, 84). However, this act in many ways caused more harm
than good. Residential schools were

Colonialism, Aboriginal People, And Racism In Canada
Colonialism, Aboriginal peoples, and racism in Canada
In this research paper, I will be explaining how western colonialism and racism destroyed the reputation of aboriginal peoples in Canada. The reason
why I chose this topic because it shows the strong relationship to anthropology and after taking aboriginal studies 30, it also shows that I have a clear
understanding about the history of aboriginal peoples in Canada, the struggles they have been through over the past decade and the challenges they still
face today in modern day society. I'll be addressing these issues in a couple of paragraphs on the discrimination and the inequalities of these
"minorities" and how they had to assimilate into European culture, leaving their way of life behind them.
The history of Canada is the era of where colonization all began towards aboriginal peoples. Over the past decades, aboriginal peoples have been
mistreated and misused by the white–Europeans. They have been oppressed by Canadian society that we are known still by today and continue to live
under racism resulting in gender and class oppression. The history of colonialism has been playing a big part in the way of how aboriginal people have
been constructed and impacted on how aboriginal people are treated and viewed in Canadian Society. They have been dealing with the struggles,
inequality, and discrimination that we have been putting them through for over three centuries, we've been also failing them with Canada's racist policies

Why People Are Afraid Of Immigrants In Canada
Society in Canada
The reason that people are afraid of immigrants it is because it brings a change in a society. They don't want to experience the change. It is shown to
them explaining why they don't like immigrants. They argue that it is not the race of the other that they dislike, but that they do not like what they
wear, or the houses they build, or the way they live. This is a "'backlash racism', or reactive racism often targets cultural practices and attributes of
ethnic" (Blundell, 2003, p.56). They express their anger towards the ethnic minorities in graffiti, verbal abuse, physical attacks, etc. Immigrants in
Canada are accused of being job stealers, inflating the real estate, having a monster house, taking advantage of welfare, dressing inappropriately, etc.
They were called job stealers because when the Asians come to Canada, they take jobs that the Canadian abandoned or did not want to take it.
Asians were also working on a low wage compared to a Canadian. Which make a profit for the company by hiring them. They were accused of
inflating the real estate and make the Canadian unable to afford a house. It is not the immigrants who raised the value of the house but it is the
property sellers and the local ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Residents complained about the large houses, which change the traditional character of the neighborhood and inflate real estate values" " (Blundell,
2003, p.56). Immigrants home were named monster house because they lived in a bigger house. It was a shock for Canadian to have a change in
architectural style. Asian people bought a larger house because they have a larger size of the family. If a white Canadians build a larger house and
lives in it, it would seem like a beautiful house. If an Asian does that, people would call the house as a monster

Why Do People Immigrate To Canada
Introduction
Throughout many years, people from various countries throughout the world have immigrated to other countries for their own life necessities. Some
countries provide a minimize of the things people need, so they come to the conclusion that finding another home with better options might be better
for their lives. The United States having the most immigrants with 44 million, and Ukraine having the most emigrants with 6.6 million for different
reasons. Many people go through tough phases during their existence in their own countries, wanting to live a better life with, and for their family
members. The number of immigrants that come to Canada in a year is 250 000. But why is it that people immigrant to Canada? Canada provides 3 major
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Other countries have high unemployment rates whereas Canada has strong economic freedom with a score of 79.1. This means that Canada
provides freedom to its citizens to work in any aspect they wish to work as long as they qualify. Canada does not discriminate against people when
it comes to job opportunities. All citizens have an equal opportunity towards employment. Throughout many years since World War 2, agriculture
production was more efficient, and manufacturing and services grew rapidly. This is a pull factor because when you live in an area without these
things, you grow into not loving where you are and feel like you should live in an area provided with a better sense of economy. Living in a country
where the growth of agriculture and manufacturing industries is growing so rapidly, allows for many job opportunities for those living in the country.
Canada has a numerous amount of job opportunities leaving almost every citizen with a job when they require one. Recently, the minimum wage for
employment also has gone up to $11.00 an hour. This shows that Canada is willing to make those changes to their employment rates according to the
economy in order to allow everyone to live a stable

First Nations People In Canada
Ever since the British and French came to Canada, the first nations people have always seen themselves get the short end of the stick. Examples of this
are: having their land taken away from them, receiving racial discrimination, being victim to Residential schools and being assigned a reservation to
live on. For the last two centuries our Canadian government has been trying to make amends to these First Nations People. One of these amends to
status indians are: No Taxes on any funds inside of a reserve, free education including post–secondary, huge cost deduction on housing, and of course
our wonderful benefit of free healthcare. Based off of these benefits it would seem like First Nations peoples would live a very successful life, well
this is infact very, very wrong!. Despite many benefits the First Nations peoples are still finding themselves living in poverty. Poverty levels are as high
as 60% for First Nation children living inside a reserve. Whose fault is this? Is it the Canadian governments or the First Nations people's fault. Are the
'Status Indians' getting enough funds from the Canadian government to live a successful life, Well... Let's take a look.
According to Huffington Post, the federal department of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern DevelopmentCanada, pays an average First Nations person
$9,056 per year. This number is up from $922 per person from 1950. These numbers are also adjusted... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Atikokan is a town with approximately 2,800 people. There operational costs are 8.4 million dollars. This is 1,300 more people than attawapiskat has
and as ironic as it sounds, people in Atikokan are not living in 'poverty'. So is there mismanagement of funds going on or is there just straight up
corruption by the reservation chiefs. Well I strongly believe there is a bit of

First Nation People In Canada
Since the Hudson's Bay Company is very famous in Canada, I have known it since I landed in Canada. However, I never thought it had so long
history, 343 years, and the strong relationship with the First Nation people. I never despise the importance of First Nation people in Canada's history,
and, now, I believe that the initial wealth of this country was based on the First Nation people and the fur trading. It is true that the fur trade had
brought many convenient fools and many opportunities to Aboriginal people, but the negative effect of it should not be neglected, since it had
completely changed their life–style and badly impacted on their culture.
First of all, the fur trading ended the traditional lives of the First Peoples lived in Canada. I have learned how did Aboriginal people hunting in the Tipi
teaching; they respected their preys and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By the time when the white people arrived here, First Nations was very kind and generous to them, and showed them all the necessary survival skills
for living here. However, what the white people wanted was only to make their fortune in the fur trading. They married Aboriginal women because
they learned that these women had the skill and expertise to treat the furs, and these women were called "country wives." The "country wives" and
their children were left here when the men retired and return to their homeland. The white people were so selfish that they did care how these women
and children's lives would go on after they left. Actually, these "country wives" and the metis were discriminated all the rest of their lives. In addition,
once the fur trading was over, the government didn't know what to do with the Aboriginal people, but, finally they got an idea, residential school. That
was the most terrible period in First Nation's history, which destroyed their lives and interfered with eight generations of First

The Rights Of Aboriginal People In Canada
The acts regarding Aboriginal peoples is a third important aspect of the major terms and conditions set in the constitution act (1867). Throughout the
years, Canada has faced many issues regarding the rights of Aboriginal People. "As colonization spread across North America, native peoples often
found themselves unwelcome in habitats of their own lands, and Europeans used a combination of force and peaceful means (eg. treaties) to re–settle
natives in reserved areas of land." (McCormack & Bueckert, 2013). The harsh treatment directed towards the aboriginal people made their lives very
difficult. It's hard to imagine why the people who were in Canada before colonies started to form would be kicked out of their own land. After many
years of this

Essay about Aboriginal People of Canada
Aboriginal people represent less than 3% of the total population in BC. Yet, they account for more than 9% of all suicides in BC (Chandler). The
numbers of suicides amongst aboriginal youth are even more alarming – nearly one–fourth of all youth suicides in BC are committed by aboriginals
and more than half of all aboriginal suicides are committed by youth (Chandler). The fact that indigenous communities in Canada have the highest rate
of suicide of any culturally identifiable group in the world implies that these alarming statistics may not solely be a result of aboriginal communities
belonging to a minority cultural group. I will attempt to build a speculative hypothesis behind the significantly high suicide rates amongst aboriginal ...
This theory predicts that there are two components to suicide. First off, perception of burdening others and feeling socially alienated combine to
result in the desire to die. However, an individual will not act on this desire unless he/she has developed a capability to do so. Capability to commit
suicide is developed through habituation from overexposure which perhaps desensitizes the individual to experiences that are painful. This may be
vital in allowing the individual to overcome innate instincts for survival and prepare him/her to act on the desire to die. Aboriginal people in Canada
have undergone tremendous acculturation and marginalization (failing to acquire and value Aboriginal values and identity, while also failing to
identify with the cultural values of the larger society) which may be responsible in making them perceive themselves as a burden to others and feel
socially alienated. Such feelings, based on the interpersonal–psychological theory, might instil the desire to die. Habituation and as a result,
desensitization to the fear and pain associated with a suicidal experience, could be occurring due to high rates of suicide in one's community. Thus, the
interpersonal–psychological theory provides some insight into aboriginal suicide. However, the picture is incomplete as this explanation could be
applied to suicide amongst patients

How The Cost Of Shelters And Age Distribution Affects The...
The Relationship Among Aboriginal Population, Age and Shelter Costs
Course: SOC222H
Professor's Name Riva Lieflander
Name: Yingjun Li
Student ID: 1000677957
Date: 04/20/2015
Introduction
The 2006 Census Public Use Microdata File (PUMF) involved a total of 844,476 people. Participants were randomly selected in a manner that
represented all social characteristics that existed among Canadians. Technically, it was estimated that the number represented only 2.7% of the Canadian
population. It is also on record that the 2006 PUMF involved a total of 123 population variables, of which 83% (102) represented individual
variables, while the remaining 17% (21) of all variables used represented family, dwelling, and household variables. The purpose of this research is to
determine how the cost of shelters and age distribution affects the Aboriginal people ofCanada in relation to the 2006 Census Public Use Microdata
File (PUMF) on individuals. The research employs both age distribution and shelter cost as major variables affecting the Aboriginal population. The
research will conduct an inferential statistical analysis on three major variables: Aboriginal population, shelter cost, and age. For the purpose of this
research, both age and shelter costs will be employed as independent variables relating to the overall Aboriginal population, which is the dependent
variable. Another question that the paper aims to research is whether there exists a relationship

Aboriginal peoples in Canada generally represents people who are the Indigenous habitants of Canada constituting of First Nations, Inuit and Metis
(Etowa, Jesty, & Vukic, 2011). The First Nations people are referred to as Indians (status or non
–status), the Inuit people traditionally live in northern
regions including the Arctic and Subarctic areas and previously referred to as Eskimo while the Metis are Aboriginal people with both Aboriginal and
non–Aboriginal ancestors as a result of intermarriage with Europeans (Caron–Malenfant, Simon, Guimonnd, Grondin, & Lebel, 2015). Also, urban
Aboriginal people are those who migrated to the urban areas in search for better opportunities and employment in the 1960s and 1970s and may include
status and

Aboriginal People Of Canada
Aboriginal peoples of Canada have suffered exponentially throughout the entirety of history and proceed to do so in modern society. Much of the
continued suffrage of aboriginal peoples is as a result of the Sixties Scoop and the Residential School System, as well as the lack of resources
available to them. This has wreaked extensive havoc on the mental health of Aboriginal peoples, and has left excessive amounts of stigma and racism
attached to Aboriginal Peoples, explicitly seen in the cases of missing and murdered Indigenous women. The effects that have been left on the
aboriginal peoples by their experiences throughout history have had a profound effect on their quality of life. Many continue to experience immense
struggle in the areas of mental health and addictions. The sixties scoop saw the removal of thousands of aboriginal children from their homes, leaving
them without any of the traditions they had come to know. This led to a feeling of great confusion as to who they were, especially during some of the
most crucial years of development. As is outlined in the story of one such child, Lynn Thompson, who stated in an interview with the Saskatchewan
Sage, Like many of the children in my situation, I was abused, eventually ended up settled in a German Mennonite community in Manitoba, where I
shot myself. I would have given anything to be in a residential school, to have other brown faces around. Further on in the interview, Lynn's experiences
with substance

Native Peoples of Canada Essay
Native Peoples of Canada
The Indian does not exist. It is an imaginary figure, according to Daniel Francis (The Imaginary Indian), invented by Europeans that originated in
Columbus's mistake, as he believed he had landed in the East Indies, and developed into fantasy. "Through the prism of white hopes, fears and
prejudices, indigenous Americans would be seen to have lost contact with reality and to have become 'Indians'; that is anything non–Natives wanted
them to be," (5). Thus they were attributed a wide range of conflicting characteristics, simultaneously seen as noble savages, full of stoicism, the last
representatives of a dying race and blood–thirsty warriors, void of emotion and dull–witted, reflecting European ... Show more content on
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Yet there is evidence in memoirs of travellers and missionaries at this time, that some existing qualities were perceived. While these so called
'documenters' were often more concerned with providing the world with desired images of the warrior dressed in extravagant battle regalia than
with accurate representations, evident in the work for example of celebrated painter Paul Kane, they did discern a power of speech and eloquence
which they found surprising in what they deemed to be a 'heathen' race without knowledge of basic 'civilising' tools such as the wheel and writing.
Indeed rhetoric was a symbol of great power and command since, as Penny Petrone states "chiefs were leaders only insofar as they were able to
persuade their kinsmen to follow them," (Native Literature in Canada, 25). In addition to such social structuring, oratory had a didactic function as
tribal history, incorporating story telling, would be recited at length, while stories were passed from generation to generation describing the world,
nature and man's position in relation, often using allegory and fable with figures such as Coyote the trickster who appears time and again in various
forms. The power of spoken language was also recognised in terms of medicinal purposes and communicating with spirits, "words did not merely
represent meaning. They possessed the power to change reality

Indigenous People In Canada Essay
Terminology: Different terminology is used to describe groups of people. In Canada it had been commonly accepted to say Aboriginal or First Nations
people; however, nowadays, the term Indigenous is more appropriate. Indigenous people are those, living on Canadian territories before Europeans
arrival. The term includes First Nations, Metis, and Inuit. All these groups have a unique culture, languages, and beliefs.
History: Indigenous communities have existed for thousands of years on the Canadian territories. They lived as independent nations, with different
degrees of socio–cultural, political and economic complexity. After European came, their interactions were divided into four periods: first– mutual
respect, second – first conflicts, third ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, accordingly to Maldonado, "Having an Indian status does not necessarily mean free universities and no taxes" (lecture, November 15, 2016).
The Canadian's stereotypes about Indigenous people and their "favorable" position in the society is based on the misunderstanding and leads to the
discrimination they are still facing nowadays. Although Canada's bill of rights were created in 1960 and gave people the right for equality, liberty, and
freedom of speech and religion, even the fact of existence of Residential Schools makes it obvious that Ingenious people were still harshly
discriminated. Those schools, where children were kept away from their families and taught that their culture was evil, that their parents were pagans,
that their identity was primitive, existed till 1996 and have been teaching approximately 150,000 First Nation, Inuit and Metis children (lecture,
November 15, 2016). Residential School is an example of the discrimination against Aboriginals, trial to diminish the culture, language and family
connections of the whole nation. The formation of The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada was an essential step for the Government in
order to renew the positive relationships with Indigenous people. This commission worked on revealing the truth about the Residential Schools and
informing about it all Canadians. I believe that creating such programs is an important part of history of social policy in Canada as it fosters positive
relationships between different groups of

Residential Schools: Aboriginal People In Canada
Both films document the struggles that many Aboriginal People in Canada face today. Residential schools have had a tremendous impact on
Aboriginal population. The lack of one's identity due to colonization has an intergenerational effect on aboriginal families. Both of these films explore
the issues faced by aboriginals as a direct result of colonization
Both films used
Residential schools are discussed in the two films. The government implemented a policy that made it mandatory that all aboriginal children were too
attend these schools. The plan was assimilation of the aboriginal population by "killing the Indian in the child". The hope was that these kids would
grow up with the dominant white man's culture and values and pass that on to

The People 's Insurance Company Of Canada
Name : Dolphine Bisase
Id : 213349311
Assignment: Midterm Assignment, Management 3990
While the intention was that the People 's Insurance Company of Canada (PICC) would have an organic organizational structure, this intention was at
least partially offset by the close integration of the Insurance company with the parent People 's Bank. The result was an entity in which the
superficially organic, generally non–hierarchical Insurance organization has been overridden by the highly hierarchical and mechanistic bank
organization. The PICC's actual structure has both mechanistic and organic aspects. With regard to work specialization, it is generally narrow and
mechanistic with the VP for HR, Mary Thorne, fighting an ongoing battle with the Bank on the grounds that PICC needed staff with specialized skills
in the insurance industry. With respect to chain of command, while the structure of PICC was intended to be open, non–hierarchical and organic, it is
clear that it is generally mechanistic in its most important aspects. For example, while there may be an open office environment in general, the senior
team members have private offices. Similarly, while the the emphasis of PICC is towards self–managing teams, many approvals – such as new
purchases – had to be signed off by multiple layers of the bank 's management. Thus, the chain of command is very rigid in terms of its senior
decision–makers. In terms of centralization of decision–making, it appears that

The Aboriginal People Of Canada
Canadian Native Aboriginals Introduction The Canadian native aboriginals are the original indigenous settlers of North Canada in Canada. They are
made up of the Inuit, Metis and the First nation. Through archeological evidence old crow flats seem to the earliest known settlement sites for the
aboriginals. Other archeological evidence reveals the following characteristics of the Aboriginal culture: ceremonial architecture, permanent settlement,
agriculture and complex social hierarchy. A number of treaties and laws have been enacted amongst the First nation and European immigrants
throughout Canada. For instance the Aboriginal self–government right was a step to assimilate them in Canadian society. This allows for a chance to
manage... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is believed that Canada was in violation of the human rights when they forced the aboriginals to get assimilated into a Eurocentric society. There
were instances of children being forced from homes into Christian schools. This was violation of human rights ( Asch 98). Different laws like the
Indian Act and other treaties played an outstanding role in shaping Aboriginal relationship in Canada. The Indian Act led to a huge conflict of interest
following its effect on the Indians living in Canada during its implementation. The Indian Act was a mechanism that strengthened the eviction of
Indians ad also a means of displacing Indians from their tribal lands. On the onset of the 19th Century, land hungry Canadian settlers clustered in the
coastal south of Canada and slowly moved into the neighboring states. Since most of the tribes occupying that area were the Indians, the Canadian
settlers petitioned the Canadian government to remove them as they perceived them as an obstacle to expansion towards the west. The rationale for the
Indian Act was that the southeast Indian tribes had no attachment to any particular land. However, this rationale ignored the fact the Indian tribes had
vast crops of corn and lived in settlements. Those who benefited from the Indian Act are the Canadian settlers who had immense hunger for Indian land.
The Canadian Settler lured the Indian tribes into signing the treaty by guaranteeing them peace and integrity

The Oppression Of Indigenous People In Canada
Due to disassociation, assimilation, oppression, systemic and systematic erasure and violence, Indigenous peoples have been purposefully silenced at
almost every moment of interaction with Canada.
Many Indigenous peoples have been strategically silenced since birth. Their names were changed for number tabulations, cultures were suppressed and
languages were stolen from Indigenous children and their future generations. These actions were sanctioned by the Catholic Church, manipulated by
political leaders and, ultimately, enforced by the government of Canada. The consequences of these actions rippled through the institutions and
cultivated into the consciousness of settler and colonial populations. Indigenous children were subjected to an education which stripped them of their
identities and forced them into lower–class, lower–labour positions. Indigenous education was created solely to meet the desired needs of subsistence
of Euro–Canadian peoples.
During the wars in which Canada participated, Indigenous peoples were rarely recognized for their achievements or efforts and many deaths were
purposefully not recorded. There were also hundreds ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This belief simultaneously oppressed and exotified Indigenous peoples. Indigenous peoples were forced to assimilate into a society that never intended
to embrace them. National and local newspapers generally ignored the lives of Indigenous peoples. Instead, they only discussed issues of Canada
'helping' Indigenous peoples or discussed cultural differences that seemed exotic and entertaining. The exotification of Indigenous cultures and
traditions further discriminated Indigenous peoples by creating a divide between what was considered socially acceptable and what was not.
Indigenous peoples were strategically ignored and erased from the Euro–Canadian populace to dehumanize and thus 'justify' the oppression and
assimilation forced upon

The Aboriginal Peoples Of Canada
INTRODUCTION: Concerns of violent victimization and self–destructive tendencies in Aboriginal communities have become a significant issue in
Aboriginal movements worldwide. In Canada, it has taken the specific form of feminist–inspired campaigns for only those Indigenous females that are
missing and murdered. The highly vocalized 2015 campaign for the 42nd Canadian Federal Election drew much attention to the fate of missing and
murdered Indigenous women. However, the attention on females suggests that the inherent implication that Indigenous men's attitudes toward
Indigenous women are the problem and that the men are not victims of violence themselves. This essay will first acknowledge the chronic problem of
violence in the place of Indigenous peoples in first world societies and the continuing social problems that marginalize their position. This paper will
then examine the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, the violence in their communities, and whether or not Indigenous men and their masculinities have an
appropriate place in the national picture regarding the missing and murdered Indigenous women. I will conclude with a consideration of the extent to
which if men do have an appropriate place in the inquiry and which policy recommendations are required to address the issues that Aboriginal people
confront.
GLOBAL VIOLENCE AMONGST INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS:
Violence has become a chronic problem amongst women in Global Indigenous populations and communities. The dominant view is

Non Aboriginal People In Canada
During the first half of the 20th century the western countries experienced what was called the Great War, commonly known today as the First World
War (WWI). There were 330,000 men and women that served (WWI) for Canada, some of whose experiences were very diverse. Aboriginal men who
served in the war suffered great inequality because of racism.
Aboriginal people living in Canada were recruited to fight in WWI for a variety of reasons. Although some of these reasons for recruitment were
different than non–aboriginal people. If you were non–Aboriginal you would be able to join the war if you were an adult Canadian citizen. However if
you were Aboriginal you couldn't join even if you meet these requirements due to the racism against Aboriginals.

Black People In Canada Essay
It's not every day that people stop and take the time to celebrate the many achievements and contributions of black Canadians, who, throughout history,
greatly contributed in making Canada the culturally diverse and prosperous nation it is today. Contributes include that of Viola Davis Desmond, who
stirred up controversy when she sat on the floor reserved for white people of the Roseland Theatre. Carrie Best who founded The Clarion, Nova
Scotia`s first black–owned and published newspaper and Willie O`Ree, the first black player in the National Hockey League. However I will be
focussing on two people who have greatly contributed to Canada`s political landscape and promoted equality and inclusiveness, the honorable Lincoln
M. Alexander and MichaГ«lle Jean.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Alexander first distinguished himself in service to Canada in the Royal Canadian Air Forces during the Second World War. In 1968, however, is
where he made his mark by becoming Canada's first black Member of Parliament. This was an important moment as it shows Canadians that we
are an inclusive country and tells the black community that we could play an active role in politics, that we did indeed have a voice. Alexander
was the first person from a visible minority to take on the role of Lieutenant Governor and held the positon for four years until 1980 when he
stepped down. He is well known for his many firsts in politics and public service and is praised for his role in helping to break down racial barriers in
the country. In remembrance of his position as Lieutenant Governor, the Lincoln Alexander Memorial Award was initiated which honors youth who
are actively fighting discrimination and promoting equality among all people. He was also the chair of the Canadian Race Relations Foundation. Lincon
M. Alexander accomplishments and firsts taught the black community including myself that we are included too and we have the power to be in power
and do great

Aboriginal People In Canada Essay
Canada a glorious country to spend one's life on has some jig–saw puzzles that are not completely solved. The bottom three choices that makes
individuals melancholy are the following: The way Canada treats its aboriginal people is ranked 11, Canadian environment ranked 10, and Canadian
social safety net ranked 9. For the past few years, Canada treats the aboriginal people poorly and not equally. The longevity of aboriginal Canadians is
lower than non–aboriginal Canadians and many babies die at birth. In fact, aboriginal Canadians are the poorest people among all Canadians living in
Canada ("Canada's First Nations: The Legacy of Institutional Racism").Aboriginals go to jail more often than other Canadians and they don't get raised
wages. According to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, the unemployment rate of aboriginal Canadians to African Americans is 3% worse ("Canada's racism problem...").Which is really
heartrending because Canada is known globally as a peacekeeping country. Another factor that causes heartache to Canadians is the environment.
Canada doesn't quite pay attention to emission of greenhouse gas. Since there are a lot of buildings and houses getting made the air is getting
polluted. The agricultural land is getting cleared up due to new constructions of houses. Canada has low gas emission tax ("Canada Dead Last in
Ranking for Environmental Protection.")Which means citizens will use a lot of gas since tax for gas is low. Canada is ranked 24 out of 178
countries in the year of 2014. In the past few years Canada was in the top 13 but now has dramatically fallen behind. ("Country Rankings"). In
addition, Canadian's social safety net is doleful. In the years 2008–2009 more than 363,000 people lost jobs ("Canada declining safety net") and paying
all those citizens welfare have cause Canada to decline on social safety net. Even though Canada is slowly coming back up it is not one of the greatest
country for providing social safety net.

A. The Aboriginal People in Canada
Before starting a discussion about aboriginal education in Canada, it is important to figure out who the aboriginal people in Canada are. According to
a document, Aboriginal Peoples in Canada: First Nations People, MГ©tis and Inuit (National Household Survey, 2011), there are 3 ethnic groups of
the aboriginal people in Canada. In 2011, "First Nations people 851,560 people identified as a First Nations person, representing 60.8% of the total
Aboriginal population and 2.6% of the total Canadian population." The second group is MГ©tis and in the same year, "451,795 people identified as
MГ©tis. They represented 32.3% of the total Aboriginal population and 1.4% of the total Canadian population." The last group is Inuit. "59,445
people identified as Inuit. They represented 4.2% of the total Aboriginal population and 0.2% of the total Canadian population." Because of the fact
that Canada is a country mainly consisted of migrant people, this number of the aboriginal people seems very small. Despite this small number of
them, nobody can deny that they are important members of Canada. They have been living in this country since very long times ago. Moreover,
according to the same document above, "Aboriginal children aged 14 and under made up 28.0% of the total Aboriginal population." It shows that more
than a quarter of them ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to a web document, First Nations Reserves Read RCAP Volume 3 (Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, 2006), "Children were beaten for
speaking their own language, and Aboriginal beliefs were labelled 'pagan'. In many schools, sisters and brothers were forbidden social contact, and the
warmth of the intergenerational Aboriginal family was replaced with sterile institutional child rearing." Moreover, "Many residents endured sexual and
physical abuse." In 2008, Canadian Government officially admitted that and apologized for

Canada 's Relationship With The Indigenous People
This is a powerful quote, and to each individual, it has its own meaning. When I read this quote, what I understood was that if one believes they are
powerless, then they are. The oppressor cannot control what is in your head, or your spirit. This quote is relevant because it corresponds to
Canada's relationship with the Indigenous people. My paper will be ranging from the topics of residential schools in Canada, and the aftershock of
them; the positive influence New Zealand could have on Canada's struggle to decolonization, and looking deeper into how Canada can take New
Zealand as an example and try to incorporate it into our own values and system. Although this paper includes a broad range of subjects, it will be
focused solely on my... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although to most, Residential schools are considered a time of the past, the final residential school did not actually close until 1986, which means
that many of our older generation of today's Aboriginal communities are residential school survivors. The traumatizing effects of the schools had not
only had a significant effect on the families directly involved, but also for generations to follow. According to the Manitoba Justice Institute,
residential schools laid the foundation for the epidemic we see today of domestic abuse and violence against Aboriginal women and children.17 The
high rates of domestic violence among Aboriginal families results in a vicious cycle of abuse and dysfunction over generations. The families directly
affected were raised with no love, from there, the pain was carried down in many other forms and so forth. This brings me to the topic of my first
notion, that education is the root of decolonization. I am certain of this because, from what I understand nothing is so persistent and forced into
society more than education is. I am not concentrated strictly on schools, but the idea that we are constantly surrounded by many possible sources of
knowledge. A young child first and foremost learns from its surroundings (its parents, siblings, media, etc...) and then usually put into a school for
further education. How a child is developed mentally plays such a huge role in his or her life choices, and later on

Since the beginning of our colonial history, Canada's Indigenous people have struggled with racist legislation and policies designed to terminate their
cultural values, rights, and freedoms. From the Royal Proclamation of 1763 to the recently passed Bill C–51, Canada's Eurocentric federal government
has caused a cultural oppression, and some would even argue, genocide of Canada's First Nations people (Gray, 2011). Canada's history of
discriminatory federal policies have not only wrought destruction on Indigenous identities all across the country, but they are overwhelmingly
responsible for the disproportionately high rates of violence, crime, poverty, and drug and alcohol abuse that is so rampant in many First Nations
communities (Gray, 2011).... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Perhaps even more troubling however is the fact that throughout history the Canadian federal government has deliberately implemented both policies
and legislation designed to deny Aboriginal people their rights to identity, belief, culture, language, and land (Gray, 2011; Sellers, 2013; King, 2012).
Because of the lasting legacy of colonization, including historical and current social policies, white privilege, racism, and Eurocentrism, the state of
Indigenous affairs in Canada is indeed a public, and not a private, individual problem. Unfortunately however, many non–Aboriginal Canadians harbor
the discriminatory and harmful notion that Indigenous issues in Canada are irrelevant to modern day culture at best and self–inflicted at worst
(McCaskill, 2012). Despite our deeply racist history that has included continual attempts to erase both Aboriginal culture and people from North
America, a startling number of Canadians still believe that the problems faced by Aboriginal communities today are the result of personal failures,
laziness, and personal stupidity (McCaskill, 2012). Few Canadians are well educated on the state of Aboriginal affairs or public policy with regards to
their wellbeing, and the true history of Aboriginal people in Canada is rarely mentioned in public school curriculums (Gray,

Acquiring an education and the act of being educated in a school are two enormously different teachings. Indigenous Peoples of the world have been
educating each other within their own communities for thousands of years. Through the processes of ritual, spirituality, and tradition, these cultures
thrive, sustainably, by living in unison with their land. As Dr. Weber
–Pillwax explains, First Nations Peoples of Canada live in relationship to their "to
the land" and their "the community" and these values are therefore ingrained into Aboriginal identity. Furthermore, the molecular transference of these
distinct features of First Nations culture, which Dr. Weber–Pillwax articulates using Dr. Candace Pert's theory of "molecules of emotions," transcend ...
Nonetheless, European settlers, particularly during Colonization, made the assumption that their culture, religious beliefs, and educational systems
was superior; and, as part of the process towards colonizing the land that is now Canada, this group of European people attempted to abolish First
Nations Peoples' culture. As Bonita Lawrence reveals in her overview of Aboriginal people in North America, "the colonial act of establishing legal
definitions of Indianess . . . enabled the Canadian government to remove a significant sector of Native people from the land," and in doing so,
colonization inevitably removed a sizable number of Aboriginal people from their culture (7). These historic Colonial events irreversibly changed
Aboriginal culture. Aside from the glaring fact that Aboriginal children were expected to conform and attend a colonial educational system,
irrespective of their cultural education, "status" Aboriginal children, during Colonialism, essentially became the initial step towards a reacculturation of
the Aboriginal

Transgender People In Canada
In society today, "There are some 1.5 million trans people in the U.S. – roughly 0.5% of the population" (Steinmetz 40). With the percent of transgender
people being so low, there is still misunderstanding and discrimination against transgender people. Originally barring Jenna from the Miss Universe
Canada competition was discrimination and violating her civil rights. From the video, we know the Canada recognizes Jenna as woman. Why does
being a naturally born woman matter? Other contestants can undergo plastic surgery to enhance their looks and chances of winning; thus, Jenna did
not have an upper hand on the other contestants. In her interview she explained, "I took estrogen, which helped me develop my own breasts" (1:56 –
2:01), and went through painful surgeries to be who she felt she really was. Seeing that Jenna is a woman, she... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Why should they feel trapped their whole life? No one should feel that they are in the wrong body, and go through depression from hiding who they
really are. By Jenna becoming who she really was and not backing down when she was denied from the competition, she became a role model for the
transgender community. Steinmetz said, "The awareness is creating new possibilities" (44), and I couldn't agree more. Education is key. The more
people know about the transgender community, hopefully the sooner more people will be more accepting. Jenna said, "The creator put me in this
position as an advocate" (3:38 – 3:41) and "I will take that position if it is helping anyone else, my story and actions then I feel great about it" (3:43 –
3:55). Ultimately, "Transgender people want to live – and be identified – according to how they feel: to be able to dress and be treated like a woman or
a man regardless of what their parents or delivering nurses may be assumed at birth" (Steinmetz 42), and why shouldn't they

First Nations People In Canada
First Nations people in Canada have faced colonization and assimilation through Canadian Aboriginal policy throughout history. Policies such as the
Indian Act, residential school system, the sixties scoop, and the White Paper have all shared the main goal of assimilation throughout many years. In
today's society, First Nations people are beginning to see positive changes throughout Aboriginal policy. The changes made to the Constitution Act and
the Great Bear Rainforest Agreement proves that the government is slowly making positive changes toward Aboriginal policy inCanada. Although the
past has shown nothing but struggle and trauma faced by First Nations people because of Aboriginal policy set forth by the government. The Indian Act
began ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The government wanted First Nations people to become a part of mainstream society. By doing this, they caused catastrophic amounts of trauma faced
by many First Nations children and families. According to Asch (2014), ""... Residential schools were designed as agents of assimilation– to remove
children from the influences of their parents, punish them for speaking Indian languages, introduce Christianity and inculcate negative attitudes to their
own cultures" (p 70). The government created policy again, without any consultation from the people they were enforcing this policy upon. Long &
Dickason (2011) state, ""From the beginning, the government gave responsibility for 'civilizing' Aboriginal children and youth through education to
various Christian denominations and ecclesiastical traditions" (p 97). The government felt they had full responsibility and power over First Nations
people and their children. They treated the culture and spirituality of the First Nations people as if it was foolish and meant nothing. Government
policy during this time was strictly to get rid of the culture of First Nations people and colonize them into regular society. Long & Dickason (2011),
also state ""In order to move forward the goal of assimilation so as to 'do away with the tribal system and assimilate the Indian people in all respects
with the inhabitants of the Dominion, it was

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