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Employee Safety & Health
- 4. Affected people : 5,20,000 Below 15 years : 2,00,000 Pregnant women : 3000 Immediate death toll : 2,259 Deaths officially certified (1991) : 3,928 Rough estimate within 2 weeks : 8,000 Bhopal gas tragedy
- 6. safety The act of protecting the physical well-being of an employee Protecting employees from injuries caused by work-related accidents Every accident at work has a cost associated with it and that is why it is important to manage safety on the job.
- 7. Industrial health Health : A state of complete mental & physical well-being Basic objective: Prevention of disease & injury Involves a program of health conservation & prevention of occupational diseases. Occupational disease: health problem caused by exposure to a workplace health hazard. Eg: Lung diseases (asbestosis), Skin diseases,(Cancer).
- 8. Industrial accidents Occurrence in an industrial establishments Causes bodily injury to a person Makes him unfit to resume his duties in the next 48hrs or more. Unexpected event , neither anticipated nor designed.
- 9. Causes of accidents Three basic causes of accidents: 1. Chance occurrences 2. Unsafe conditions 3. Unsafe Acts
- 10. Causes of accidents 2. Unsafe conditions : main cause of accidents Improperly guarded equipments Defective equipment Unsafe storage Improper Illumination Improper ventilation
- 11. Causes of accidents 3. Unsafe acts: are the results of lack of knowledge. Operating without authority Throwing materials on the floor carelessy Operating or working at unsafe levels Unsafe procedures for loading,mixing ,placing Taking unsafe positions under suspended loads Lifting improperly Distraction Drugs/alcohol/emotional problem
- 12. Accidents costs Businesses spend $170 billion a year on costs associated with occupational illnesses and injuries. (American Industrial Hygiene Assoc., (AIHA) OSHA) Two main losses which a management suffers because of the time lost due to accidents are 1. Direct Costs 2. Indirect Costs
- 13. Accidents costs DIRECT COSTS: Direct Costs for the Employee Lost wages and overtime Physical pain and suffering Mental anguish Lost time with family and friends Loss of productivity on and off the job
- 14. Accidents costs DIRECT COSTS: Direct Costs for the Employer Sick pay Worker compensation claims including legal costs Insurance premiums Equipment, tools, plant, products or property damage requiring repair/replacement Overtime pay for other works to catch up
- 15. Accidents costs INDIRECT COSTS: Loss of a valued employee Production delays Failure to fill orders and meet deadlines Lost time on accident investigations by management Replacing the lost worker leading to subsequent hiring/training costs Loss of business reputation
- 17. Prevention & Protection ACCIDENTS PREVENTION: 1. Reducing unsafe conditions 2. Reducing unsafe act
- 18. Prevention & Protection ACCIDENTS PREVENTION: 1. Reducing unsafe conditions Design jobs to remove physical hazards Use computerized tool to design safe jobs • hazard analysis • risk assessment • identifying safety options • Choosing the most appropriate safety control device. Eg: PPE 2. Administrative controls 3. Personal Protective Equipment
- 19. Prevention & Protection 3. Personal Protective Equipments
- 20. Prevention & Protection ACCIDENTS PREVENTION: 2. Reducing unsafe acts: Selection & Placements Training Employee Participation Motivation • Incentive Programs • Safety Posters
- 27. Health & safety laws in india The Factories Act, 1948 The Mines Act, 1952 The Contract Labour Act, 1970 The Workmen’s Compensation Act.
- 28. Factories act - 1948 Based on British Factories Act The Factories Amendment Act, 1987 It lays emphasis on the following preventive measures: Cleaniness Wastes Ventilation & Temperature Dust & fumes Artificial humidification Overcrowding Lighting Drinking Water Washrooms Spittoons
- 29. Factories act - 1948 Emphasis on Fencing of machinery Work on or near machinery in motion Employment of young persons Striking gear & devices for cutting off power Self-acting machines Casing of new machinery Employment of women, children near cotton openers. Hoists & lifts Lifting machines, chains & ropes Revolving macinery Pressure plant
- 30. Factories act - 1948 Floors, stairs , means of access Pits,sumps openings in floors Excessive weights Protection of eyes Dangerous fumes & gases Precautions with regard to portable electrical light Explosive or inflammable gas or dust Precaution in case of fire Safety of building & machinery Safety officers
- 31. “In the US , if one life is lost injured in an industrial accide big deal. Companies pay huge i damages. In India, life is chea Dr. Subodh Madhekar Industrial Accident I
- 32. references
Editor's Notes
- Morale
- Long term health effectsAll data about the health effects are still not available. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) was forbidden to publish health effect data until 1994.[5]A total of 36 wards were marked by the authorities as being "gas affected", affecting a population of 520,000. Of these, 200,000 were below 15 years of age, and 3,000 were pregnant women.[4][5] The official immediate death toll was 2,259, and in 1991, 3,928 deaths had been officially certified. Others estimate 8,000 died within two weeks.[4][5]The government of Madhya Pradesh confirmed a total of 3,787 deaths related to the gas release.[3]Later, the affected area was expanded to include 700,000 citizens. A government affidavit in 2006 stated the leak caused 558,125 injuries including 38,478 temporary partial injuries and approximately 3,900 severely and permanently disabling injuries.[6]
- Long term health effectsAll data about the health effects are still not available. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) was forbidden to publish health effect data until 1994.[5]A total of 36 wards were marked by the authorities as being "gas affected", affecting a population of 520,000. Of these, 200,000 were below 15 years of age, and 3,000 were pregnant women.[4][5] The official immediate death toll was 2,259, and in 1991, 3,928 deaths had been officially certified. Others estimate 8,000 died within two weeks.[4][5]The government of Madhya Pradesh confirmed a total of 3,787 deaths related to the gas release.[3]Later, the affected area was expanded to include 700,000 citizens. A government affidavit in 2006 stated the leak caused 558,125 injuries including 38,478 temporary partial injuries and approximately 3,900 severely and permanently disabling injuries.[6]
- Long term health effectsAll data about the health effects are still not available. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) was forbidden to publish health effect data until 1994.[5]A total of 36 wards were marked by the authorities as being "gas affected", affecting a population of 520,000. Of these, 200,000 were below 15 years of age, and 3,000 were pregnant women.[4][5] The official immediate death toll was 2,259, and in 1991, 3,928 deaths had been officially certified. Others estimate 8,000 died within two weeks.[4][5]The government of Madhya Pradesh confirmed a total of 3,787 deaths related to the gas release.[3]Later, the affected area was expanded to include 700,000 citizens. A government affidavit in 2006 stated the leak caused 558,125 injuries including 38,478 temporary partial injuries and approximately 3,900 severely and permanently disabling injuries.[6]
- The condition of being safeFreedom from danger ,risk ,or injury
- Its not merely the absence of disease or infirmity .Basic objective: Prevention of disease & injury rather than the cure of disease.An occupational disease is a health problem caused by exposure to a workplace health hazard.Occupational disease mitigateFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia“ occupational disease is any chronic ailment that occurs as a result of work or occupational activity. It is an aspect of occupational safety and health. An occupational disease is typically identified when it is shown that it is more prevalent in a given body of workers than in the general population, or in other worker populations. The first such disease to be recognised, squamous-cell carcinoma of the scrotum was identified in chimney sweep boys by Sir Percival Pott in 1775. Occupational hazards that are of a traumatic nature (such as falls by roofers) are not considered to be occupational diseases.Under the law of workers' compensation in many jurisdictions, there is a presumption that specific disease are caused by the worker being in the work environment and the burden is on the employer or insurer to show that the disease came about from another cause. Diseases compensated by national workers compensation authorities are often termed occupational diseases. However many countries do not offer compensations for certain diseases like musculoskeletal disorders caused by work (e.g. in Norway).Therefore the term work-related diseases is utilized to describe diseases of occupational origin. This term however would then include both compensable and non-compensable diseases that have occupational origins.Contents [hide] 1 Examples1.1 Lung diseases1.2 Skin diseases1.3 Other diseases of concern1.4 Historical2 See also3 References[edit]ExamplesSome well-known occupational diseases include:[edit]Lung diseasesMain article: Occupational lung diseaseOccupational lung diseases include asbestosis among asbestos miners and those who work with friable asbestos insulation, as well as black lung (coalworker's pneumoconiosis) among coal miners,silicosis among miners and quarrying and tunnel operators and byssinosis among workers in parts of the cotton textile industry.Occupational asthma has a vast number of occupations at risk.Bad indoor air quality may predispose for diseases in the lungs as well as in other parts of the body.[edit]Skin diseasesOccupational skin diseases and conditions are generally caused by chemicals and having wet hands for long periods while at work. Eczema is by far the most common, but urticaria, sunburn and skin cancer are also of concern.[1]High-risk occupations include:[1]HairdressingCateringHealthcarePrintingMetal machiningMotor vehicle repairConstruction
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- Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other garments or equipment designed to protect the wearer's body from injury.
- Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other garments or equipment designed to protect the wearer's body from injury. The hazards addressed by protective equipment include physical, electrical, heat, chemicals, biohazards, and airborne particulate matter. Protective equipment may be worn for job-related occupational safety and health purposes, as well as for sports and other recreational activities.
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- There are,orfcourse, innumerable laws governing emplyee safety ( Factories Act, Indian electricity act, Pesticides Act, The environment Protection act, the boiler act. Etc) but the elaborate provisions contained there in are not strictly enforced. Often the inspectors appointed for this purpose are made to cover lot of ground, leaving very little time for a stringent inspection of various factories within their jurisdiction ( each inspector covers more than 150 factories on an average in a year). To compound the problems further , the inspectors are more than willing to bend the rules for a price. They are ready to approve anything and everything if the employer is willing to please them.As a result we have large factories employing hundreds of workers without fire fighting equipment, and safety devices. They are mostly concerned about cutting costs on all fronts – to remain competitive – instead of proteting the lives of the workers.
- http://www.asse.org/professionalaffairsew/bosc/impact.phpWikipediaESSENTIALS OF HRM & INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS BY P SUBBA RAOHRM BY V S P RAOHRM BY GARY DESSLER & BIJU VARKKEY