ANALYTICAL ESSAY 1 ANALYTICAL ESSAY February 17t.docx

ANALYTICAL ESSAY 1
ANALYTICAL ESSAY
February 17th,
2017
Introduction
ANALYTICAL ESSAY 2
Europe became a global power at the time it was experiencing
internal religious upheaval1.
The reality is that these religious disorders had permanently
divided Christians. The Spanish
explorers and the Portuguese had already appealed for the new
lands, and Catholic missionaries
collected new souls for the church all the way from Mexico to
Japan. It is worth noting that Luther
and Calvin together with a host of others had formed competing
branches of the Europe’s
Protestants. There was a lot of disagreement between the

Lutherans, Calvinist, and Anglicans on
various issues of doctrine and church organization. However,
they all eventually broke from the
Roman Catholic Church2. The Protestant, priest and the
laypeople recognized the new Christian
communities having new forms of ritual. There were also new
social practices, new doctrines, and
clergy that had different personal lives and powers different
from the clergy in the Roman Catholic.
A case in point is that Catholic priest was not to marry.
Protestant clergy could marry on the other
hand. Catholic priest heard confessions and said mass.
Protestant priesthood preached the word of
God and could not hear confession leaving it to the individual
sinner and God undertaking that
such act of confession ought to be between the human heart and
God3. This paper analyses three
ways states and societies attempted to create order in this
disorderly time in European society
thereby discussing success and limitations of each those ways.
1. Attempting to create order via reshaping society through
religion.
1Hutter, Swen, and Edgar Grande. "Politicizing Europe in the
national electoral arena: A

comparative analysis of five West European countries, 1970–
2010." JCMS: Journal of Common
Market Studies 52, no. 5 (2014): 1002-1018.
2Lualdi, Katharine J. 2012. Sources of The making of the West:
peoples and cultures Fourth (4th)
Edition. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's.
Elizabeth Dennison
Elizabeth Dennison: number goes after punctuation and not sure
if this is necessary to cite since common knowledge unless you
are paraphrasing this source? Be more specific of when and
why and set up thesis paragraph more explicitly to introduce the
three themes based on Lualdi sources and significance
Elizabeth Dennison
Elizabeth Dennison: but Catholicism remained dominant faith,
so weathered the challenge some what?
Elizabeth Dennison
Elizabeth Dennison: unclear here--maybe recognized but did not
accept or tolerate. should be plural usage here. This segment
could be tightened up here
Elizabeth Dennison
Elizabeth Dennison: need to state what these are and based on
what sources.

Elizabeth Dennison
Elizabeth Dennison: delete these headers for short paper
ANALYTICAL ESSAY 3
In the sixteenth century, the upheavals of the religion in two
contradictory ways affected
the European society. In the first instance, reformers together
with their followers happened to
have challenged the social order and the political authority. In
the second instance, reacting to the
excess extreme of the first manifestation, it was undertaken that
there was a need for having
discipline in the worship as well as social behavior. It is
imperative to note that radical Protestants
and peasant rebels referred to as the Anabaptists had the motive
of pushing the reformation in the
populist direction hence they took the phrase “priesthood of all
believers.” As a way of easily
bringing the needed they sided with the downtrodden and the
poor. Just the same as the Catholics,
the authorities of the Protestant became alarmed by the possible
subversive reforms on the religion.
They perceived Reformation, not as the social and political
movement, rather as a means of

instilling order and discipline in the worship of individual as
well as a church organization. Bible
reading became the potent tool concerning the creation of the
new internally motivated individual.
This move led to Roman Catholics church as well taking some
reforms which were considered as
counter-reformation against the protestant reformation hence
one of the limitation. Other
limitations include the following; describing the freedom for the
Christian, Martin Luther meant
to have an entire spiritual freedom. However, his call for
freedom was interpreted by others to
mean freedom in political and social terms. Having to face the
social firestorms that were ignited
by reforms of religious, the middle-class urbanites that had
supported the reformation of the
Protestant insisted for greater religious conformity in addition
to orderly and stricter moral
behavior. Catholic Church only authorized reading of Latin
bible despites having errors of
translation that emanated from Hebrew and Greek4.
4Hutter, Swen, and Edgar Grande. "Politicizing Europe in the

2010." JCMS: Journal of Common
Elizabeth Dennison
Elizabeth Dennison: such as .. . ..,
Elizabeth Dennison
Elizabeth Dennison: comma needed
Elizabeth Dennison
Elizabeth Dennison: Age of Religious War and need to create
stability--hence state's take lead with absolutism?
Elizabeth Dennison
Elizabeth Dennison: Luther initially coined phrase
Elizabeth Dennison
Elizabeth Dennison: ?
Elizabeth Dennison
Elizabeth Dennison: s, such as Luther and Calvin? Show this by
using Lualdi sources with direct support
Elizabeth Dennison
Elizabeth Dennison: Age of Faith had created a degree of
stability based on accepting traditional authorities (church) and
now challenged. State asserted self as new authority with
absolutism?
Elizabeth Dennison
Elizabeth Dennison: show this

Elizabeth Dennison
Elizabeth Dennison: rather than using Hutter, use Lualdi--it
would be following the assignment guidelines and make for a
stronger argument
ANALYTICAL ESSAY 4
All in all, Martin Luther in 1522 translated the Greek’s New
Testament into German, which
was, to begin with, full vernacular translation. This enabled
Bible reading to be a common
particularly in the most part of the urban and literate
households’, church gatherings and in the
family. As a way of promoting some order in the states and
society, in 1630 new scientific ways
was accepted by the European intellectual elite. The scientific
method appeared to cut across
ancient learning, churches and their theologians, and the long-
standing beliefs that were popular.
Sir Francis Bacon the English Protestant politicians (1561-
1626) together with the Rene Descartes
(1596-1650) the philosopher and Catholic mathematicians were
mainly responsible for the
spreading of the scientific method reputation at the beginning of
the seventeenth century.

Regarding marriage reform, in an effort to come up with order
and discipline, the reformers of the
Protestants denounced the notion of the sexual immorality hence
glorified the family. It is worth
noting that early reformers of the Protestant in particular Luther
championed the end of the era of
clergy celibacy thereby embracing marriage. Thus the idealized
patriarchal family facilitated
protection in contrast to the forces of the disorder. The truth is
that in a disciplined home, proper
table manners had the reflection of discipline and morality in a
godly household. The father being
the householder leads his wife and children in prayer before
meal5. As illustrated below the orderly
behavior parallels a well-off comfort patrician family.
Elizabeth Dennison
Elizabeth Dennison: a. Need stronger topic sentence

Elizabeth Dennison
Elizabeth Dennison
Elizabeth Dennison: need to make link between bible reading
and the scientific method
Elizabeth Dennison
Elizabeth Dennison: and? This needs some work
Elizabeth Dennison
Elizabeth Dennison: This paragraph has too many items under
discussion and needs to be revised. Need to look at punctuation
and missing words
ANALYTICAL ESSAY 5
2. Searching for order in elite and popular culture
As a matter of fact, most of the Europeans feared disorder
above everything else. Culture
is the accepted way of life. The search for order occurred on
different levels from the establishment
of the government bureaucratic routines to the reforms of
disorderly poor. It is imperative to note
that the Louis XIV’s absolutist government served as the model
to those who had the objective of

increasing central state’s power. The truth is that even the rivals
of Louis including Leopold the
Holy Roman Emperor and the great Brandenburg Elector
Fredrick William had to follow him in
centralizing authority in addition to building up their armies.
Whether having the form of
constitutionalist or absolutist, states in the seventeenth century
had committed to penetrates more
deeply into their objectives hence successful effort. Some of the
limitations include; more taxes to
support projects was needed, there was a need for more men for
armed forces. And more control
of foreign trade and religious dissent. The civil war between
Parliament in England and Charles, I
in the year 1640, lead to political participation new demands. In
the eighteenth century new levels
of the economic growth together with the appearance of the
social groups exerted pressure on the
Elizabeth Dennison
Elizabeth Dennison: not necessary to include
Elizabeth Dennison
Elizabeth Dennison: show this and develop with support from
Lualdi
Elizabeth Dennison

Elizabeth Dennison: an important point--develop and support
Elizabeth Dennison
Elizabeth Dennison: delete s
Elizabeth Dennison
Elizabeth Dennison
Elizabeth Dennison: needs some work here
ANALYTICAL ESSAY 6
European state systems. It is also imperative to note that the
success of the rulers in seventeenth
century created an economic as well political environment that
their critics would flourish6. The
bringing together of the political and religious purposes in the
baroque art is very well
demonstrated in the architecture and the sculpture of the Gian
Lorenzo Bernini (1598-1680).
Nevertheless, Pascal, the French mathematician was skeptical
about the ability of human of forging
order out of the chaos despite having made important
contributions to theories of probabilities.
3. Attempt to create order by consolidating European state
system

In the first half of the eighteenth century, Europeans crossed
over the major threshold as
they move from an economy attributed to scarcity and potential
threats of famine to that of ever-
increasing growth as well continued prospects of improvement7.
The truth of the reality is that
expansion of the home development economies and overseas
enhanced greater wealth, higher
future expectations, and longer life span. It is equally important
to note that the spirit of the
optimism prevailed in such better times. People had the capacity
to spend money on novels,
newspapers, as well as on the travel literature, cotton cloth, tea,
and coffee. As most of the public
became literate, they followed the latest trends concerning the
religious debates, music, and arts.
Politics as well changed too as there was an increase in the
population and production hence the
growth of the cities. The government was urged by the experts
to enhance public health. Moreover,
the states found it necessary and to their interests to have
numerous international disputes by

7Anievas, Alex, and KeremNisancioglu. "How the West came to
rule." University of Chicago
Press Economics Books (2015).
Elizabeth Dennison
Elizabeth Dennison: needs organization and clarification
Elizabeth Dennison
Elizabeth Dennison: need stronger topic sentence
Elizabeth Dennison
Elizabeth Dennison: page numbers must be provided
ANALYTICAL ESSAY 7
diplomacy that later on became more routine and regular. It is
worth noting that the consolidation
of the European state system gave room for a new thinking and
tides of criticism concerning the
society in France and Great Britain and thereof spilling
throughout the Europe8. Eventually,
bringing together of the Atlantic system together with the

enlightenment would thereof give rise
of the series of Atlantic revolutions. All the above are successes
of this method with limitations
being the existence of the deep divisions among different
groups in the European society9.
Conclusion
In conclusion, it’s apparent from the above content that the
three main ways that attempted
to create orderly in the European society and state include first
and foremost religion. Religion
brings orderly though installing of new discipline life, marriage
reforms and eventually influencing
the whole society in more orderly manner. The other way
entailed searching for order in elite and
popular culture, and finally, there was also attempt to create
order by consolidating European state
system.
References
Main book

8Wallace, Helen, Mark A. Pollack, and Alasdair R. Young, eds.
Policy-making in the European
Union. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015.
Elizabeth Dennison
Elizabeth Dennison: Please see guidelines. Needed to use
Lualdi and cite properly (page numbers mandatory). Paper
needed a careful proofreading
ANALYTICAL ESSAY 8
Lualdi, Katharine J. 2012. Sources of The making of the West:
Other reference
Anievas, Alex, and KeremNisancioglu. "How the West came to
rule." University of Chicago Press
Economics Books (2015).
Hutter, Swen, and Edgar Grande. "Politicizing Europe in the

2010." JCMS: Journal of
Common Market Studies 52, no. 5 (2014): 1002-1018.
Wallace, Helen, Mark A. Pollack, and Alasdair R. Young, eds.
Policy-making in the European
Union. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015.
1
ANALYTICAL ESSAY 2
ANALYTICAL ESSAY 7
ANALYTICAL ESSAY
ANALYTICAL ESSAY
February 17th,
2017 Introduction
Europe became a global power at the time it was experiencing
internal religious upheaval[footnoteRef:1]. The reality is that
these religious disorders had permanently divided Christians.
The Spanish explorers and the Portuguese had already appealed
for the new lands, and Catholic missionaries collected new
souls for the church all the way from Mexico to Japan. It is
worth noting that Luther and Calvin together with a host of
others had formed competing branches of the Europe’s
Protestants. There was a lot of disagreement between the
Lutherans, Calvinist, and Anglicans on various issues of

doctrine and church organization. However, they all eventually
broke from the Roman Catholic Church[footnoteRef:2]. The
Protestant, priest and the laypeople recognized the new
Christian communities having new forms of ritual. There were
also new social practices, new doctrines, and clergy that had
different personal lives and powers different from the clergy in
the Roman Catholic. A case in point is that Catholic priest was
not to marry. Protestant clergy could marry on the other hand.
Catholic priest heard confessions and said mass. Protestant
priesthood preached the word of God and could not hear
confession leaving it to the individual sinner and God
undertaking that such act of confession ought to be between the
human heart and God[footnoteRef:3]. This paper analyses three
ways states and societies attempted to create order in this
disorderly time in European society thereby discussing success
and limitations of each those ways. [1: Hutter, Swen, and
Edgar Grande. "Politicizing Europe in the national electoral
arena: A comparative analysis of five West European countries,
1970–2010." JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 52, no.
5 (2014): 1002-1018. ] [2: Lualdi, Katharine J. 2012. Sources
of The making of the West: peoples and cultures Fourth (4th)
Edition. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's. ] [3: Lualdi, Katharine
J. 2012. Sources of The making of the West: peoples and
cultures Fourth (4th) Edition. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's. ]
1. Attempting to create order via reshaping society through
religion.
In the sixteenth century, the upheavals of the religion in two
contradictory ways affected the European society. In the first
instance, reformers together with their followers happened to
have challenged the social order and the political authority. In
the second instance, reacting to the excess extreme of the first
manifestation, it was undertaken that there was a need for
having discipline in the worship as well as social behavior. It is
imperative to note that radical Protestants and peasant rebels

referred to as the Anabaptists had the motive of pushing the
reformation in the populist direction hence they took the phrase
“priesthood of all believers.” As a way of easily bringing the
needed they sided with the downtrodden and the poor. Just the
same as the Catholics, the authorities of the Protestant became
alarmed by the possible subversive reforms on the religion.
They perceived Reformation, not as the social and political
movement, rather as a means of instilling order and discipline in
the worship of individual as well as a church organization.
Bible reading became the potent tool concerning the creation of
the new internally motivated individual. This move led to
Roman Catholics church as well taking some reforms which
were considered as counter-reformation against the protestant
reformation hence one of the limitation. Other limitations
include the following; describing the freedom for the Christian,
Martin Luther meant to have an entire spiritual freedom.
However, his call for freedom was interpreted by others to
mean freedom in political and social terms. Having to face the
social firestorms that were ignited by reforms of religious, the
middle-class urbanites that had supported the reformation of the
Protestant insisted for greater religious conformity in addition
to orderly and stricter moral
behavior. Catholic Church only authorized reading of Latin
bible despites having errors of translation that emanated from
Hebrew and Greek[footnoteRef:4]. [4: Hutter, Swen, and
Edgar Grande. "Politicizing Europe in the national electoral
arena: A comparative analysis of five West European countries,
1970–2010." JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 52, no.
5 (2014): 1002-1018. ]
All in all, Martin Luther in 1522 translated the Greek’s New
Testament into German, which was, to begin with, full
vernacular translation. This enabled Bible reading to be a
common particularly in the most part of the urban and literate
households’, church gatherings and in the family. As a way of
promoting some order in the states and society, in 1630 new

scientific ways was accepted by the European intellectual elite.
The scientific method appeared to cut across ancient learning,
churches and their theologians, and the long-standing beliefs
that were popular. Sir Francis Bacon the English Protestant
politicians (1561-1626) together with the Rene Descartes (1596-
1650) the philosopher and Catholic mathematicians were mainly
responsible for the spreading of the scientific method reputation
at the beginning of the seventeenth century.
Regarding marriage reform, in an effort to come up with order
and discipline, the reformers of the Protestants denounced the
notion of the sexual immorality hence glorified the family. It is
worth noting that early reformers of the Protestant in particular
Luther championed the end of the era of clergy celibacy thereby
embracing marriage. Thus the idealized patriarchal family
facilitated protection in contrast to the forces of the disorder.
The truth is that in a disciplined home, proper table manners
had the reflection of discipline and morality in a godly
household. The father being the householder leads his wife and
children in prayer before meal[footnoteRef:5]. As illustrated
below the orderly behavior parallels a well-off comfort
patrician family. [5: Lualdi, Katharine J. 2012. Sources of The
making of the West: peoples and cultures Fourth (4th) Edition.
Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's.
]
Searching for order in elite and popular culture
As a matter of fact, most of the Europeans feared disorder
above everything else. Culture is the accepted way of life. The
search for order occurred on different levels from the
establishment of the government bureaucratic routines to the
reforms of disorderly poor. It is imperative to note that the
Louis XIV’s absolutist government served as the model to those

who had the objective of increasing central state’s power. The
truth is that even the rivals of Louis including Leopold the Holy
Roman Emperor and the great Brandenburg Elector Fredrick
William had to follow him in centralizing authority in addition
to building up their armies. Whether having the form of
constitutionalist or absolutist, states in the seventeenth century
had committed to penetrates more deeply into their objectives
hence successful effort. Some of the limitations include; more
taxes to support projects was needed, there was a need for more
men for armed forces. And more control of foreign trade and
religious dissent. The civil war between Parliament in England
and Charles, I in the year 1640, lead to political participation
new demands. In the eighteenth century new levels of the
economic growth together with the appearance of the social
groups exerted pressure on the European state systems. It is also
imperative to note that the success of the rulers in seventeenth
century created an economic as well political environment that
their critics would flourish[footnoteRef:6]. The bringing
together of the political and religious purposes in the baroque
art is very well demonstrated in the architecture and the
sculpture of the Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1598-1680). [6: Lualdi,
Katharine J. 2012. Sources of The making of the West: peoples
and cultures Fourth (4th) Edition. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's.
]
Nevertheless, Pascal, the French mathematician was skeptical
about the ability of human of forging order out of the chaos
despite having made important contributions to theories of
probabilities.
Attempt to create order by consolidating European state system
In the first half of the eighteenth century, Europeans crossed
over the major threshold as they move from an economy
attributed to scarcity and potential threats of famine to that of
everincreasing growth as well continued prospects of
improvement[footnoteRef:7]. The truth of the reality is that
expansion of the home development economies and overseas

enhanced greater wealth, higher future expectations, and longer
life span. It is equally important to note that the spirit of the
optimism prevailed in such better times. People had the capacity
to spend money on novels, newspapers, as well as on the travel
literature, cotton cloth, tea, and coffee. As most of the public
became literate, they followed the latest trends concerning the
religious debates, music, and arts. Politics as well changed too
as there was an increase in the population and production hence
the growth of the cities. The government was urged by the
experts to enhance public health. Moreover, the states found it
necessary and to their interests to have numerous international
disputes by diplomacy that later on became more routine and
regular. It is worth noting that the consolidation of the
European state system gave room for a new thinking and tides
of criticism concerning the society in France and Great Britain
and thereof spilling throughout the Europe[footnoteRef:8].
Eventually, bringing together of the Atlantic system together
with the enlightenment would thereof give rise of the series of
Atlantic revolutions. All the above are successes of this method
with limitations being the existence of the deep divisions among
different groups in the European society[footnoteRef:9]. [7:
rule." University of Chicago Press Economics Books (2015).
] [8: Wallace, Helen, Mark A. Pollack, and Alasdair R.
Young, eds. Policy-making in the European Union. Oxford
University Press, USA, 2015. ] [9: Lualdi, Katharine J. 2012.
Sources of The making of the West: peoples and cultures Fourth
(4th) Edition. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's.
]
Conclusion
In conclusion, it’s apparent from the above content that the
three main ways that attempted to create orderly in the
European society and state include first and foremost religion.
Religion brings orderly though installing of new discipline life,
marriage reforms and eventually influencing the whole society
in more orderly manner. The other way entailed searching for

order in elite and popular culture, and finally, there was also
attempt to create order by consolidating European state system.
References Main book
Lualdi, Katharine J. 2012. Sources of The making of the West:
peoples and cultures Fourth (4th) Edition. Boston: Bedford/St.
Martin's. Other reference
rule." University of Chicago Press Economics Books (2015).
Hutter, Swen, and Edgar Grande. "Politicizing Europe in the
national electoral arena: A comparative analysis of five West
European countries, 1970–2010." JCMS: Journal of Common
Wallace, Helen, Mark A. Pollack, and Alasdair R. Young, eds.
Policy-making in the European Union. Oxford University Press,
USA, 2015.

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