Health assessment on the nasal examination
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The document provides information about examining the nose. It discusses that the nose and sinuses are part of the respiratory system and are responsible for smell. Vapors sniffed into the nasal cavities trigger receptors along the olfactory nerve, which travels to centers in the temporal lobes. The sense of smell diminishes with age due to a decrease in and atrophy of the olfactory nerve fibers.
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Charlie
The respiratory system consists of organs and structures used for breathing. It brings oxygen into the body and releases carbon dioxide. The main parts include the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. The nasal cavity leads to the pharynx and larynx. The trachea divides into bronchi that enter the lungs. The larynx holds the vocal cords and is involved in breathing, swallowing and voice production.
pbl report smelling
A 52-year-old man presented with complaints of reduced sense of smell for 1 week along with a history of bad breath and nasal congestion/discharge for 2 years. On examination, dried nasal discharge was observed. The patient's symptoms are likely related to chronic rhinosinusitis, as obstruction of sinus drainage pathways can cause recurrent sinus infections leading to reduced sense of smell, nasal congestion, discharge, headache and bad breath. Chronic inflammation may have damaged the nasal mucosa, impairing its cleansing function and predisposing the patient to recurrent infections characterized by thick, foul-smelling discharge. Further evaluation and treatment are needed to confirm the diagnosis and properly manage the patient's condition.
Unit VI
The respiratory system allows for gas exchange in animals. It consists of organs and structures used for breathing. In land animals, gas exchange occurs in microscopic air sacs called alveoli in the lungs. Air flows from the nose and pharynx into the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles before reaching the alveoli. External respiration is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood. Internal respiration is the exchange between blood and tissues. Normal human respiration is nasal, diaphragmatic, slow at 12 breaths per minute at rest, and imperceptible. Each breath has a tidal volume of 500ml and the respiratory cycle involves inspiration and expiration over 1.5-2 seconds each.
Respiratory System
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The nose has several important functions: respiration, protection of the lower respiratory tract, vocal resonance, olfaction, drainage of secretions, and maintaining eustachian tube function. It filters and conditions air through mechanisms like mucociliary clearance and the nasal cycle. Secretions produced in the nose help fight infections and allergens with lysozymes, immunoglobulins, and interferons. The olfactory epithelium allows for smell detection which is important for functions like regulating food intake and detecting toxins.
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Charlie
The respiratory system consists of organs and structures used for breathing. It brings oxygen into the body and releases carbon dioxide. The main parts include the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. The nasal cavity leads to the pharynx and larynx. The trachea divides into bronchi that enter the lungs. The larynx holds the vocal cords and is involved in breathing, swallowing and voice production.
pbl report smelling
A 52-year-old man presented with complaints of reduced sense of smell for 1 week along with a history of bad breath and nasal congestion/discharge for 2 years. On examination, dried nasal discharge was observed. The patient's symptoms are likely related to chronic rhinosinusitis, as obstruction of sinus drainage pathways can cause recurrent sinus infections leading to reduced sense of smell, nasal congestion, discharge, headache and bad breath. Chronic inflammation may have damaged the nasal mucosa, impairing its cleansing function and predisposing the patient to recurrent infections characterized by thick, foul-smelling discharge. Further evaluation and treatment are needed to confirm the diagnosis and properly manage the patient's condition.
Unit VI
The respiratory system allows for gas exchange in animals. It consists of organs and structures used for breathing. In land animals, gas exchange occurs in microscopic air sacs called alveoli in the lungs. Air flows from the nose and pharynx into the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles before reaching the alveoli. External respiration is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood. Internal respiration is the exchange between blood and tissues. Normal human respiration is nasal, diaphragmatic, slow at 12 breaths per minute at rest, and imperceptible. Each breath has a tidal volume of 500ml and the respiratory cycle involves inspiration and expiration over 1.5-2 seconds each.
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that report took about respiratory system , it's structures and it's diseases... I hope you like it ..
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Auscultation, how to perform, positions of Auscultation, normal and abnormal sounds , percussion sounds, types of sounds and technique
Physiology of nose and pns
The nose has several important functions: respiration, protection of the lower respiratory tract, vocal resonance, olfaction, drainage of secretions, and maintaining eustachian tube function. It filters and conditions air through mechanisms like mucociliary clearance and the nasal cycle. Secretions produced in the nose help fight infections and allergens with lysozymes, immunoglobulins, and interferons. The olfactory epithelium allows for smell detection which is important for functions like regulating food intake and detecting toxins.
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This document provides information on the procedure for vasovasostomy and cutaneous vasostomy. Vasovasostomy involves recannulization of the vas deferens to restore fertility by excising scar tissue from both ends of the vas deferens and anastomosing the vas under magnification. Cutaneous vasostomy involves incising a loop of the vas deferens and suturing it to the scrotal skin to drain an infected epididymis or testis. Both procedures require preparing and draping the patient, using microscopes and fine suture materials, and applying dressings after closing the wound.
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This document provides information about the procedure for a vasectomy. It begins by describing the vas deferens and how interrupting or obstructing this duct inhibits sperm production. It then discusses that a vasectomy is an outpatient surgical procedure where a small segment of the vas deferens is removed and the ends are sealed to prevent sperm from passing through. The preparation of the patient, skin preparation, draping, equipment, instrumentation, supplies and special considerations for the procedure are outlined in detail.
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The document discusses urolithiasis (urinary tract stones). It defines urolithiasis and describes the types of urinary calculi (stones) that can form. Risk factors that favor stone formation include urinary tract infections, stasis, immobility, hypercalcemia, and hypercalciuria. Stones can cause obstruction of urine flow and symptoms like flank pain, nausea, vomiting and hematuria. Diagnosis involves imaging tests and urine/blood analysis. Treatment includes medical management with fluids, analgesics and dietary changes, as well as surgical procedures like ureteroscopy, ESWL (extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy), and percutaneous nephrolithotomy to remove
Supra pubic cystostomy
This document discusses suprapubic cystostomy, a procedure where a catheter is inserted through an incision above the pubic bone into the bladder to drain urine. It is used when the bladder or urethra is injured, after certain urological surgeries, or to allow some voluntary voiding through the urethra. Common catheters used include Foley balloons and three-way irrigating catheters. Equipment that may be used includes biopsy forceps, a Bugbee electrode for cauterization, and Otis urethrotomes and Van Buren dilators for urethral strictures. The procedure involves lubricating and inserting a sheath and obturator
Orchiectomy
This document provides information about orchitis and orchiectomy procedures. It begins by defining orchitis as the inflammation of the testis and describes its symptoms. It then discusses the anatomy of the testes and some common causes of orchitis, including mumps, infections, trauma, and complications from other procedures. The remainder of the document focuses on orchiectomy procedures, including a bilateral orchiectomy to treat prostate cancer, the surgical steps involved, and follow up care and investigations.
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Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) or nephrolithotripsy is a minimally invasive procedure to remove kidney stones. A guidewire and angioplasty needle are used under fluoroscopy to access the renal pelvis through the flank. Dilators are inserted over the guidewire to enlarge the tract for a nephroscope. The patient is positioned prone to elevate the surgical side. Stones may be removed with forceps or baskets, or fragmented using lithotripsy for larger stones. A nephroscope allows direct visualization to locate and remove any residual fragments, and ultrasounds can identify retained pieces.
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This document provides information about the surgical repair of hypospadias. It begins with definitions of hypospadias and the locations where the urethral opening may be located in cases of this congenital anomaly. It describes the various procedures that may be required depending on the severity of the case, including meato-plasty, glanulo-plasty, and urethro-plasty. It provides details on patient preparation, positioning, draping, instrumentation, and post-operative care considerations for both adult and pediatric patients undergoing hypospadias repair surgery.
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This document provides information about the procedure for hydrocelectomy. It begins with background on what a hydrocele is and treatments for it such as needle aspiration. It then describes the surgical procedure for hydrocelectomy, which involves making an incision to drain the fluid, removing excess sac wall, and closing the incision. Preparation of the patient and supplies needed for the procedure are also outlined.
Epispadial repair
The document discusses the procedure for epispadias repair, which involves correcting a congenital absence of the dorsal wall of the urethra proximal to the glans penis in multiple stages. The first stage involves rotating the foreskin to cover the defect and mobilizing the distal urethra, while the second stage addresses creating the distal urethra and meatus, as well as repairing any defects in the bladder or prostatic urethra. The procedure may also include making a supra pubic incision to expose the prostatic urethra and suturing it with absorbable sutures to recreate the contin
Cystotomy
This document provides information on the procedure for cystotomy, which is an incision made into the urinary bladder. It discusses the purpose of cystotomy, which includes repairing bladder injuries or defects. The key steps of the procedure are described, including preparing the patient, draping the surgical site, making a low vertical or transverse incision in the bladder dome, inserting a Pezzer or Malecot catheter through the incision, and closing the wound in layers. Relevant equipment, supplies, and catheters used in the procedure are also outlined.
Cystoscopy
This document provides information about cystoscopy, including:
1. Cystoscopy involves visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope inserted through the urethra.
2. Patient preparation involves positioning in lithotomy, cleaning the genital area, and administering local anesthetic into the urethra.
3. The basic components of a cystoscope are a sheath, obturator, and telescope to view the bladder internally.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
This document discusses benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also known as an enlarged prostate. It begins by covering the anatomy and physiology of the prostate gland. It then defines BPH, describes its causes including hormonal changes, and risk factors like aging and obesity. The document outlines the pathophysiology of BPH in which dihydrotestosterone stimulates prostate cell growth. It also covers the clinical manifestations of BPH including irritative and obstructive symptoms. Diagnostic tests and treatments are summarized, including drug therapies, minimally invasive procedures like TUMT and TUNA, and laser prostatectomy.
Endocrine system -Local hormones
This document discusses several hormones that act locally in the body as paracrine signaling molecules rather than traditional endocrine hormones. These local hormones include histamine, serotonin, prostaglandins, erythropoietin, and several gastrointestinal hormones. Histamine is released during inflammation and causes effects like increased capillary permeability. Serotonin influences intestinal secretion and smooth muscle contraction. Prostaglandins have a wide range of physiological effects and are involved in processes like inflammation, pain, fever, and blood pressure regulation. Erythropoietin is synthesized in the kidneys and stimulates red blood cell formation. Gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin, secretin, and cholecystokinin influence digestive juice secretion.
Endocrine system- Introduction
This document provides an introduction to the endocrine system. It describes the endocrine system as consisting of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate distant target organs and tissues. Some key points mentioned include:
- Hormones are chemical messengers that influence cellular activity, especially related to growth and metabolism.
- Homeostasis is maintained by both the autonomic nervous system and endocrine system, with hormones providing slower, more precise adjustments.
- Major endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, pineal, thymus, ovaries and testes.
Anatomy -Thyroid gland
The thyroid gland is located in the front of the neck below the larynx. It has a butterfly shape with two lobes joined by an isthmus. It weighs around 25g and is highly vascular. The thyroid secretes thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which are produced from iodine and thyroglobulin and regulate metabolism. Thyroid stimulating hormone from the pituitary gland regulates T3 and T4 secretion. The thyroid hormones affect growth and development as well as metabolism. Calcitonin secreted by the thyroid reduces blood calcium levels.
Anatomy -Thymus gland
The thymus gland is located behind the sternum and between the lungs. It produces the hormone thymosin, which is required for the development of T-lymphocytes and cell-mediated immunity, and is only active until puberty when it begins to shrink and be replaced by fat. Several tissues produce local hormones like histamine, serotonin, prostaglandins, and erythropoietin that act near their site of secretion to carry out functions like mediating inflammation, contracting smooth muscle, increasing capillary permeability, and stimulating red blood cell formation. Gastrointestinal hormones such as gastrin, secretin, and cholecystokinin also influence secretion of digestive juices.
Anatomy - posterior pituitary hormones
Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions and milk ejection from the breast. During childbirth, stretching of the uterine cervix by the baby's head causes the release of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary via positive feedback. Oxytocin then causes stronger contractions to further dilate the cervix and force the baby out, after which oxytocin levels drop. Suckling also triggers oxytocin release to contract the breast and eject milk via positive feedback.
Antidiuretic hormone reduces urine production by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. Its release from the posterior pituitary is stimulated by increased osmotic pressure in the blood, for example during dehydration. This helps the body retain
Anatomy - parathyroid glands
There are four small parathyroid glands located behind the thyroid gland. The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) which regulates blood calcium levels. PTH increases calcium absorption from the small intestine and reabsorption from the kidneys to raise low blood calcium levels. If more calcium is still needed, PTH triggers calcium release from bones through osteoclast activation. PTH and calcitonin work together to maintain normal blood calcium, which is necessary for muscle function, blood clotting, and nerve impulses.
Anatomy - pancreatic islets
The document discusses the hormones insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin that are secreted by cells in the pancreatic islets. Insulin secretion is stimulated by increased blood glucose and amino acid levels and gastrointestinal hormones. Glucagon increases blood glucose levels by stimulating the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver and muscles and gluconeogenesis. Somatostatin inhibits the secretion of both insulin and glucagon from the pancreatic islets.
PPT on Embryological and fetal development
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一比一原版布里斯托大学毕业证(Bristol毕业证书)学历如何办理
补办文凭【微信号:176555708】【(Bristol毕业证书)】【微信号:176555708】《成绩单、外壳、offer、真实留信官方学历认证（永久存档/真实可查）》采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路）我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信号:176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信号:176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
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This document discusses varicoceles and varicocelectomy procedures. A varicocele is an abnormal dilation of the veins in the scrotum, usually on the left side, which can cause pain or be associated with infertility. A varicocelectomy surgically treats a varicocele by ligating and removing the dilated veins, often through an incision in the groin area. The procedure aims to reduce backflow of blood into the veins around the testes and improve sperm production. It involves identifying, clamping, ligating and removing the abnormal veins through either a suprainguinal or oblique inguinal incision.
Urolithotomy
This document provides information on ureterolithotomy, a surgical procedure to remove stones from the ureter or kidney. It defines the procedure, describes different methods for stone removal including shock wave lithotripsy and various surgical techniques. It outlines the preparation of the patient, positioning, skin preparation, draping, instrumentation, supplies, and special notes for the procedure.
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The document discusses urolithiasis (urinary tract stones). It defines urolithiasis and describes the types of urinary calculi (stones) that can form. Risk factors that favor stone formation include urinary tract infections, stasis, immobility, hypercalcemia, and hypercalciuria. Stones can cause obstruction of urine flow and symptoms like flank pain, nausea, vomiting and hematuria. Diagnosis involves imaging tests and urine/blood analysis. Treatment includes medical management with fluids, analgesics and dietary changes, as well as surgical procedures like ureteroscopy, ESWL (extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy), and percutaneous nephrolithotomy to remove
Supra pubic cystostomy
This document discusses suprapubic cystostomy, a procedure where a catheter is inserted through an incision above the pubic bone into the bladder to drain urine. It is used when the bladder or urethra is injured, after certain urological surgeries, or to allow some voluntary voiding through the urethra. Common catheters used include Foley balloons and three-way irrigating catheters. Equipment that may be used includes biopsy forceps, a Bugbee electrode for cauterization, and Otis urethrotomes and Van Buren dilators for urethral strictures. The procedure involves lubricating and inserting a sheath and obturator
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This document provides information about orchitis and orchiectomy procedures. It begins by defining orchitis as the inflammation of the testis and describes its symptoms. It then discusses the anatomy of the testes and some common causes of orchitis, including mumps, infections, trauma, and complications from other procedures. The remainder of the document focuses on orchiectomy procedures, including a bilateral orchiectomy to treat prostate cancer, the surgical steps involved, and follow up care and investigations.
Nephrolithotomy
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) or nephrolithotripsy is a minimally invasive procedure to remove kidney stones. A guidewire and angioplasty needle are used under fluoroscopy to access the renal pelvis through the flank. Dilators are inserted over the guidewire to enlarge the tract for a nephroscope. The patient is positioned prone to elevate the surgical side. Stones may be removed with forceps or baskets, or fragmented using lithotripsy for larger stones. A nephroscope allows direct visualization to locate and remove any residual fragments, and ultrasounds can identify retained pieces.
Kidney transplantation
Kidney transplantation involves transplanting a kidney from a living or deceased donor to a patient with end-stage renal disease. It has become the preferred treatment for most patients with kidney failure as it allows patients to avoid dialysis and improve their quality of life. The success rate is highest for transplants from living donors who are closely matched. The procedure involves removing the patient's native kidneys and surgically placing the donor kidney in the patient's body. Post-operative care focuses on monitoring for rejection and infection while the patient receives immunosuppressive drugs to prevent rejection of the new organ.
Hypospadial repair
This document provides information about the surgical repair of hypospadias. It begins with definitions of hypospadias and the locations where the urethral opening may be located in cases of this congenital anomaly. It describes the various procedures that may be required depending on the severity of the case, including meato-plasty, glanulo-plasty, and urethro-plasty. It provides details on patient preparation, positioning, draping, instrumentation, and post-operative care considerations for both adult and pediatric patients undergoing hypospadias repair surgery.
Hydrocelectomy
This document provides information about the procedure for hydrocelectomy. It begins with background on what a hydrocele is and treatments for it such as needle aspiration. It then describes the surgical procedure for hydrocelectomy, which involves making an incision to drain the fluid, removing excess sac wall, and closing the incision. Preparation of the patient and supplies needed for the procedure are also outlined.
Epispadial repair
The document discusses the procedure for epispadias repair, which involves correcting a congenital absence of the dorsal wall of the urethra proximal to the glans penis in multiple stages. The first stage involves rotating the foreskin to cover the defect and mobilizing the distal urethra, while the second stage addresses creating the distal urethra and meatus, as well as repairing any defects in the bladder or prostatic urethra. The procedure may also include making a supra pubic incision to expose the prostatic urethra and suturing it with absorbable sutures to recreate the contin
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This document provides information on the procedure for cystotomy, which is an incision made into the urinary bladder. It discusses the purpose of cystotomy, which includes repairing bladder injuries or defects. The key steps of the procedure are described, including preparing the patient, draping the surgical site, making a low vertical or transverse incision in the bladder dome, inserting a Pezzer or Malecot catheter through the incision, and closing the wound in layers. Relevant equipment, supplies, and catheters used in the procedure are also outlined.
Cystoscopy
This document provides information about cystoscopy, including:
1. Cystoscopy involves visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope inserted through the urethra.
2. Patient preparation involves positioning in lithotomy, cleaning the genital area, and administering local anesthetic into the urethra.
3. The basic components of a cystoscope are a sheath, obturator, and telescope to view the bladder internally.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
This document discusses benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also known as an enlarged prostate. It begins by covering the anatomy and physiology of the prostate gland. It then defines BPH, describes its causes including hormonal changes, and risk factors like aging and obesity. The document outlines the pathophysiology of BPH in which dihydrotestosterone stimulates prostate cell growth. It also covers the clinical manifestations of BPH including irritative and obstructive symptoms. Diagnostic tests and treatments are summarized, including drug therapies, minimally invasive procedures like TUMT and TUNA, and laser prostatectomy.
Endocrine system -Local hormones
This document discusses several hormones that act locally in the body as paracrine signaling molecules rather than traditional endocrine hormones. These local hormones include histamine, serotonin, prostaglandins, erythropoietin, and several gastrointestinal hormones. Histamine is released during inflammation and causes effects like increased capillary permeability. Serotonin influences intestinal secretion and smooth muscle contraction. Prostaglandins have a wide range of physiological effects and are involved in processes like inflammation, pain, fever, and blood pressure regulation. Erythropoietin is synthesized in the kidneys and stimulates red blood cell formation. Gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin, secretin, and cholecystokinin influence digestive juice secretion.
Endocrine system- Introduction
This document provides an introduction to the endocrine system. It describes the endocrine system as consisting of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate distant target organs and tissues. Some key points mentioned include:
- Hormones are chemical messengers that influence cellular activity, especially related to growth and metabolism.
- Homeostasis is maintained by both the autonomic nervous system and endocrine system, with hormones providing slower, more precise adjustments.
- Major endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, pineal, thymus, ovaries and testes.
Anatomy -Thyroid gland
The thyroid gland is located in the front of the neck below the larynx. It has a butterfly shape with two lobes joined by an isthmus. It weighs around 25g and is highly vascular. The thyroid secretes thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which are produced from iodine and thyroglobulin and regulate metabolism. Thyroid stimulating hormone from the pituitary gland regulates T3 and T4 secretion. The thyroid hormones affect growth and development as well as metabolism. Calcitonin secreted by the thyroid reduces blood calcium levels.
Anatomy -Thymus gland
The thymus gland is located behind the sternum and between the lungs. It produces the hormone thymosin, which is required for the development of T-lymphocytes and cell-mediated immunity, and is only active until puberty when it begins to shrink and be replaced by fat. Several tissues produce local hormones like histamine, serotonin, prostaglandins, and erythropoietin that act near their site of secretion to carry out functions like mediating inflammation, contracting smooth muscle, increasing capillary permeability, and stimulating red blood cell formation. Gastrointestinal hormones such as gastrin, secretin, and cholecystokinin also influence secretion of digestive juices.
Anatomy - posterior pituitary hormones
Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions and milk ejection from the breast. During childbirth, stretching of the uterine cervix by the baby's head causes the release of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary via positive feedback. Oxytocin then causes stronger contractions to further dilate the cervix and force the baby out, after which oxytocin levels drop. Suckling also triggers oxytocin release to contract the breast and eject milk via positive feedback.
Antidiuretic hormone reduces urine production by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. Its release from the posterior pituitary is stimulated by increased osmotic pressure in the blood, for example during dehydration. This helps the body retain
Anatomy - parathyroid glands
There are four small parathyroid glands located behind the thyroid gland. The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) which regulates blood calcium levels. PTH increases calcium absorption from the small intestine and reabsorption from the kidneys to raise low blood calcium levels. If more calcium is still needed, PTH triggers calcium release from bones through osteoclast activation. PTH and calcitonin work together to maintain normal blood calcium, which is necessary for muscle function, blood clotting, and nerve impulses.
Anatomy - pancreatic islets
The document discusses the hormones insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin that are secreted by cells in the pancreatic islets. Insulin secretion is stimulated by increased blood glucose and amino acid levels and gastrointestinal hormones. Glucagon increases blood glucose levels by stimulating the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver and muscles and gluconeogenesis. Somatostatin inhibits the secretion of both insulin and glucagon from the pancreatic islets.
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contraindications in asana movement - during yoga practice
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Here we will look at practical approaches to working with students whose bodies, hearts, and minds (which are not really separate) indicate the need for special accommodation in classes or in one-on-one sessions. Bringing a specifically yogic perspective to this aspect of teaching starts with looking at and appreciating every student as the whole person he or she is, offering tools and techniques for using various challenging conditions to heal, feel better, and move into a deeper quality of integration.
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Health Tech Market Intelligence Prelim Questions -
The Ultimate Guide to Setting up Market Research in Health Tech part -1
How to effectively start market research in the health tech industry by defining objectives, crafting problem statements, selecting methods, identifying data collection sources, and setting clear timelines. This guide covers all the preliminary steps needed to lay a strong foundation for your research.
This lays foundation of scoping research project what are the
Before embarking on a research project, especially one aimed at scoping and defining parameters like the one described for health tech IT, several crucial considerations should be addressed. Here’s a comprehensive guide covering key aspects to ensure a well-structured and successful research initiative:
1. Define Research Objectives and Scope
Clear Objectives: Define specific goals such as understanding market needs, identifying new opportunities, assessing risks, or refining pricing strategies.
Scope Definition: Clearly outline the boundaries of the research in terms of geographical focus, target demographics (e.g., age, socio-economic status), and industry sectors (e.g., healthcare IT).
3. Review Existing Literature and Resources
Literature Review: Conduct a thorough review of existing research, market reports, and relevant literature to build foundational knowledge.
Gap Analysis: Identify gaps in existing knowledge or areas where further exploration is needed.
4. Select Research Methodology and Tools
Methodological Approach: Choose appropriate research methods such as surveys, interviews, focus groups, or data analytics.
Tools and Resources: Select tools like Google Forms for surveys, analytics platforms (e.g., SimilarWeb, Statista), and expert consultations.
5. Ethical Considerations and Compliance
Ethical Approval: Ensure compliance with ethical guidelines for research involving human subjects.
Data Privacy: Implement measures to protect participant confidentiality and adhere to data protection regulations (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA).
6. Budget and Resource Allocation
Resource Planning: Allocate resources including time, budget, and personnel required for each phase of the research.
Contingency Planning: Anticipate and plan for unforeseen challenges or adjustments to the research plan.
7. Develop Research Instruments
Survey Design: Create well-structured surveys using tools like Google Forms to gather quantitative data.
Interview and Focus Group Guides: Prepare detailed scripts and discussion points for qualitative data collection.
8. Sampling Strategy
Sampling Design: Define the sampling frame, size, and method (e.g., random sampling, stratified sampling) to ensure representation of target demographics.
Participant Recruitment: Plan recruitment strategies to reach and engage the intended participant groups effectively.
9. Data Collection and Analysis Plan
Data Collection: Implement methods for data gathering, ensuring consistency and validity.
Analysis Techniques: Decide on analytical approaches (e.g., statistical
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Health assessment on the nasal examination
- 1. HEALTH ASSESSMENT THE NASAL / NOSE EXAMINATION PREPARED BY: USHA RANI KANDULA, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF ADULT HEALTH NURSING, ARSI UNIVERSITY, ASELLA, ETHIOPIA, EAST AFRICA.
- 2. THE NOSE -The nose and sinuses are part of the respiratory system and are the organs of smell.
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- 4. -The sense of smell diminishes in older adults because of a gradual decrease in and atrophy of the olfactory nerve fibers.
- 5. THANKING YOU