Copyright for Educators Schools - November 11 2021

National Copyright Unit
www.smartcopying.edu.au
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Copyright for Educators
Thursday 11th November
Copyright for
Educators - Schools
Alison Davis and Holly Cordell

The Ministers’ Copyright Advisory Group (CAG), through the NCU, is responsible for
copyright policy and administration for the Australian school and TAFE sectors. This
involves:
● managing the obligations under the educational copyright licences
● providing copyright advice to schools and TAFEs
● advocating for better copyright laws on the school and TAFE sectors’ behalf
● educating the School and TAFE sectors regarding their copyright
responsibilities.
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Smartcopying website
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• Practical and simple information sheets and FAQs
• Interactive teaching resources on copyright
• Smartcopying tips and information on Creative Commons and how to find
Creative Commons licensed resources
• Search the site for answers to your copyright questions

www.smartcopying.edu.au 4

Slides
• Slides available @ http://www.slideshare.net/nationalcopyrightunit/
• This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Licence (unless otherwise noted) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
• Attribution: National Copyright Unit, Copyright Advisory Groups (Schools and TAFEs)
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Outline
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1. Copyright Basics
2. Statutory Text and Artistic Works Licence
3. Statutory Broadcast Licence
4. Music and Co-curricular Licences
5. Education Exceptions
6. Remote Learning
7. Seeking Permission and Consents
8. Open Education Resources and Creative
Commons
9. Workshop
10.Smartcopying Tips

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Copyright Basics
https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/copyright-basics/

What does copyright protect?
https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/copyright-basics/what-is-protected-by-copyright/
Artistic Literary Musical Dramatic
● paintings
● illustrations
● sculptures
● graphics
● cartoons
● photographs
● drawings
● maps
● diagrams
● buildings
● models of buildings
● online images
● novels
● textbooks
● newspaper and
magazine articles
● short stories
● journals
● poems
● song lyrics
● instruction manuals
● computer software
● websites
● e-books
● melodies
● sheet music
● pop songs
● advertising jingles
● film score
● plays
● screenplays
● mime
● choreography
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What does copyright protect?
Films Sound Recordings Broadcasts
● films
● video recordings
● DVDs
● television programs
● advertisements
● music videos
● online films and videos (eg
YouTube, Vimeo, Apple TV,
Google Play, Netflix, Stan,
etc)
● digital recordings (eg
MP3/MP4)
● Vinyl
● CD
● DVD
● audio cassette tapes
● digital music (eg Spotify,
Sound Cloud, Apple Music,
etc)
● radio
● television
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A copyright owner’s rights
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A copyright owner has the exclusive right to:
1. copy
2. perform
3. communicate to the public
the copyright material.
"Copyright graffiti" by opensourceway is licensed
under CC BY-SA 2.0

Copying Activities Performance Activities Communication
Activities
● scanning
● downloading
● printing
● saving to another device
– USB, hard drive,
mobile phone, tablet
● photocopying
● taking a digital
photo/screenshot
● playing films and music
● singing songs
● playing instruments
● acting out a play
● reading a book or
reciting a poem to a
class
● display or project on an
interactive whiteboard
● uploading to a digital
teaching environment
(DTE) or share drive
● emailing to students
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https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/copyright-basics/what-are-the-rights-of-a-copyright-owner/

Copyright basics FAQs
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1. Copyright gives the copyright owner the right to
exclusively do three activities. What are these?
2. Is playing a film to an audience a copyright activity?
3. Is displaying material on an interactive whiteboard a
copyright activity?

Using material for teaching
Statutory
Licences Creative
Commons
Licensed
Permission
Own
Material
Education
Exception
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Can I use it?
Voluntary
Licences

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Statutory Licences

Statutory Text and Artistic
Works Licence
https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/education-licences/the-statutory-text-and-
artistic-works-licence/
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• Schools may copy and communicate text and
artistic works for educational purposes,
provided the amount copied does not
‘unreasonably prejudice the legitimate
interests of the copyright owner’.
• Administering bodies can also rely on this
licence when creating teaching and learning
resources for schools.
Works Licence
Books story (vector, Inkscape, poster) by
MaryKosowska is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.

Works Licence
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This licence covers:
• text works – books, newspapers, journal articles, song lyrics, plays,
poems, websites
• artistic works – paintings, maps, diagrams, photographs, animations
in both hardcopy and electronic form.
https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/text-material/
https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/artistic-works-and-images/

What is a copy?
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Making a copy includes:
• photocopying
• scanning
• printing
• taking a photograph
• taking a digital photo/screenshot
• downloading works from a webpage or cloud storage
drive
• saving a copy to a DTE, personal computer, USB drive
or personal cloud storage service.
Printer being used by person with paper and
hand illustration by Brother UK is licensed
under CC BY 2.0

What is a communication?
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A communication includes:
• uploading material to a digital space for student access and use via password
protected access such as:
o a share drive/intranet (eg Microsoft 365)
o learning management systems (eg Moodle, Blackboard, Brightspace or Equella)
o to a closed class area on an education platform (eg Edmodo, Verso or Google
Classroom)
• emailing.

How much of a text work can I
copy and communicate?
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Teachers can copy and communicate text works as long as the amount copied or communicated
“does not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests” of the copyright owner.
• Not a ‘one size fits all’ approach.
• Flexibility – you can copy and communicate the amount you need, where to do so would cause
no harm to the copyright owner.
• The ‘10% or one chapter rule’ is still a useful guide in making this assessment for many text
resources that are still commercially available.

When can I copy and communicate
more of a text work?
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Schools may be able to copy and communicate more of a text work (eg the whole
work) if:
• it is not commercially available within a reasonable time (eg 6 months for a
textbook, 30 days for other material) at an ordinary commercial price
• the use isn’t replacing a sale (eg all students in the class have already
purchased a copy) or
• it is made freely available on the internet without any expectation of payment.

How much of an artistic work can I
copy and communicate?
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Teachers can copy and communicate whole
artistic works under the Statutory Text and
Artistic Works Licence.
"Geometrie Polygone Quadrate Dreiecke" is
marked with CC0 1.0

What can schools do under
the Statutory Text and Artistic
Works Licence?
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Under the Statutory Text and Artistic Works Licence, schools can:
• download a student worksheet from the internet
• copy images to use in a PowerPoint
• photocopy a poem/textbook chapter to hand out in class
• download maps from a website to hand out to students
• copy a chapter of a textbook and upload it to a DTE for students to access
• email a worksheet and PowerPoint to students.

Smartcopying tips
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• Link or embed content instead of downloading or communicating –
linking and embedding are not copyright activities.
• Limit access to the minimum required number of students and
staff.
• Delete or archive (ie disable access) to the material once it is no
longer needed.

Labelling and attribution
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You should always attribute any material you copy and communicate with as much of the
following as possible:
1. the basis on which material was copied (eg “Copied under s 113P of the Copyright
Act”)
2. name of the author
3. title
4. publisher
5. edition or date of publication
6. ISBN or ISSN
7. URL.
For example: Copied under s 113P of the Copyright Act [insert author, title, publisher,
edition or date of publication, ISBN/ISSN or URL]

Notice requirements
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Where practicable, it is best practice to include the following notice on material
copied/communicated under the statutory licence:
A practical way of including this notice is to insert a link to the notice from the attribution information:
Copied/communicated under the statutory licence in s 113P of the
Copyright Act
[Author, Title, Date]
[Link to warning notice]
Warning
This material has been copied [and communicated to you] in accordance with
the statutory licence in section 113P of the Copyright Act. Any further
reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of
copyright protection under the Act. Do not remove this notice.
https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/education-licences/section-113p-notice/

Images from the internet
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Educational use of images from the internet are not free and are paid for under the Statutory Text
and Artistic Works Licence.
Currently, the School sector pays nearly $58 million each year for this licence. Of this $58 million, it’s
estimated that over $6 million is from the use of images from the internet.
Some recent examples:
• ‘Fearful Face emoji’ on dictionary.com
• photographs from Wikipedia pages
• photographs from Pinterest
• a photo of the NRL grand final teams
• a photograph of a bowl of chicken soup
• a Google Images search result for Gozleme.

Which images from the
internet attract a fee?
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All images from the internet will attract fees under the Statutory Text and Artistic
Works Licence unless:
• it is a Creative Commons licensed image (see Where to find CC licensed images)
• the copyright in the image has expired and is in the public domain (see How long
does copyright last?)
• the terms of use clearly allow for educational use.

What is not covered by the
Statutory Text and Artistic Works
Licence?
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The Statutory Text and Artistic Works Licence doesn’t permit:
• mass digitisation of books
• mass copying of e-books
• copying of software
• placing content online for anyone to access (eg on Facebook,
YouTube, Instagram, etc).

What if my intended use is not
covered?
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You may be able to:
• obtain permission from the copyright owner
• use the material in a different way (eg link to it or create your own content inspired
by the original material)
• rely on one of the education exceptions discussed later in this PowerPoint.

Works Licence FAQs
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1. Can I create a digital copy of a textbook by scanning the entire book
and then uploading this to my school’s DTE?
2. Can I download a worksheet from the internet and use this resource in
my classroom?
3. Can a teacher scan an article from a journal to use in their Science
teaching resource?
4. Can I copy an image from Google Images into a PowerPoint
presentation to show my class?

Statutory Broadcast Licence
https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/radio-and-television-broadcasts/ 32

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Covers the copying and communication of:
• TV and radio broadcasts
• scheduled broadcast content on subscription TV (eg Foxtel)
• TV/radio from a broadcaster’s website if it has been
broadcast on free-to-air.
Schools obtain copies of TV or radio broadcasts from resource centres (eg ClickView or
TV4Education) or by copying the broadcasts themselves.
• Resource centres copy broadcasts 24/7 for schools. Schools access these copy
broadcasts through subscriptions to resource centres.
https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/education-licences/statutory-broadcast-licence/

Using the copy broadcast
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• The copy broadcast can be in any format (eg DVD, MP4) and format shifted as needed.
• You can use the copy broadcast in the following ways:
o play it in class
o make additional copies as needed (eg download it if the resource centre offers this
option, or copy it to a USB for students)
o communicate the copy broadcast (eg upload a copy to a password protected DTE
or email it).
• No limit to how much you can copy or communicate.

What is not covered?
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The Statutory Broadcast Licence does not cover:
• online programs from subscription TV/Radio broadcasters
• on-demand content from subscription TV that has not been previously broadcast
(Foxtel On Demand or Kayo Sports)
• television programs from streaming services (Netflix, Stan)
• purchased television programs from Apple TV, Google Play, online or retail stores
• films or DVDs which are bought or rented by the school
• online videos (YouTube, Vimeo, TeachersTube, Edmodo, Khan Academy)
• online games (ABC for Kids).

Notice requirements
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Where practicable, it is best practice to include the following notice on material
copied/communicated under the statutory licence:
A practical way of including this notice is to insert a link to the notice from the attribution information:
Copied/communicated under the statutory licence in s 113P of the
Copyright Act
[Program title, Channel, Date copied]
[Link to warning notice]
Warning
This material has been copied [and communicated to you] in accordance with
the statutory licence in section 113P of the Copyright Act. Any further
reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of
copyright protection under the Act. Do not remove this notice.
https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/education-licences/section-113p-notice/

FAQs
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1. Can I download a TV show from ClickView and then upload this
to my school’s DTE?
2. Can I make a copy broadcast that I recorded available for
students to access on a DTE?
3. Can I copy a program from television even if it is available to buy
from Google Play?

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Music and Co-
curricular Licences

Music Licences
https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/music/ 39

How can schools use music?
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There are three music licences that cover different activities with music for a school
purpose:
• AMCOS Licence: copying and communicating sheet music
• APRA Licence: performing music
• School Event Licence: copying and communicating sound and/or video recordings of
music.
All government and most Catholic and independent schools are covered by the these licences. To check whether
your school is covered, contact your local copyright manager.
https://smartcopying.edu.au/music-copyright-guide-for-schools/

What is a school purpose?
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What is a school purpose?
A school purpose is anything which the school undertakes as part of its usual
activities, provided it is non-commercial. For example:
• providing educational or religious services for staff, students and members of the school’s
community as part of normal school activities
• engaging with members of the school community
• promoting students’ work
• school events.
Note: private music tuition is not a school purpose.

AMCOS Licence
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Schools can communicate and make unlimited copies of print or digital sheet
music for a school purpose.
The AMCOS licence covers:
• photocopying hardcopy sheet music
• making digital copies of print sheet music (eg scan to digital format)
• printing copies of digital sheet music
• emailing PDF versions of digital sheet music
• uploading copies of sheet music to a password protected or restricted access DTE.
https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/education-licences/schools-amcos-licence/

AMCOS Licence
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Schools should make a reasonable effort to mark any hardcopy and digital copies of sheet music
on the copy or near where the copy is made available.
What to include when marking the copy:
• ‘AMCOS licensed copy’
• name of the school
• date copied
• if the original is not owned by the school, the name of owner.

APRA Licence
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Schools can perform musical works (eg a school band or orchestra performance) for a school
purpose at the school or a function connected with the school’s activities.
For example, schools can perform musical works at:
• school concerts and performance evenings (choirs, singing groups, school bands, orchestra or
rock bands)
• school performances at music festivals, including music eisteddfods and the NSW Schools
Spectacular or equivalent events in other States and Territories
• school award nights or graduations.
https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/education-licences/schools-apra-licence/

Music as a school bell
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Schools can play music as a school bell:
• For non-government schools: under an
exception in the Copyright Act and your
school’s APRA licence.
• For government schools: under a licence
with PPCA and your school’s APRA licence.
https://smartcopying.edu.au/music-copyright-guide-for-schools/
"Belfry" by kai.griesshammer is licensed under CC BY-NC-
ND 2.0

Admission fees
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Can we charge admission fees for a school performance (eg concerts)?
Schools can charge an admission fee for a performance, provided most proceeds go to the school
or a charitable cause.
Does not include:
• performances by secondary school students of musical works in a dramatic context where the
performance is advertised/promoted outside the school community.
• events where the primary purpose is advertising or promoting the school to people who are not
members of the school community (eg a third party business).

School Event Licence
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Schools can make and communicate recordings:
• to play at school events (eg make a soundtrack to play at a dance recital)
• to play in class for educational purposes
• to include in an electronic presentation
• of an event where music is played (eg make a recording of a graduation ceremony).
https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/education-licences/school-event-licence/

What is a ‘school event’?
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School event means an event organised or authorised by the school.
This includes events or functions held at the school or connected with the school but
held at a different venue.
Examples of school events:
• concerts
• presentation nights
• drama or music performances
• assemblies
• sports days or school fêtes.

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Live streaming a school event
Schools can live stream their school event in real time from the school website, a social media
platform (eg Facebook Live, YouTube) or a video conferencing platform (eg Zoom).
If using social media, the live stream:
• must be live streamed from the school’s official social media page on the platform
• may be blocked or muted.
If you are concerned about a live stream or recording being muted or blocked, contact the
NCU.
Alternatively, you may want to consider uploading the recording to your school website or
password protected DTE.

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Recording a school event
Schools can make a recording (audio and/or video recording) of a school event at which music is played (eg
recording a dance recital).
Schools can:
• upload the recording to the school website
• make a physical copy (eg copy it on to a USB) and distribute it (free or at cost recovery price) to members of the
school community (ie parents/carers/guardians and students)
• upload it the school’s official social media account (note it may be blocked or muted)
• upload it to a password protected area on the school intranet, and make this available to parents and students
• upload it to an educational app used by the school to communicate with the school community (eg Schoolbag,
Seesaw, but not apps like Snapchat and TikTok).

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Incorporating recorded music into another work
Schools can incorporate a sound recording into another, unrelated work, such as a video of a school event
or a PowerPoint presentation.
The school can:
• upload the recording to the school website, password protected intranet or password protected DTE
• email and/or message the recording to students and parents (the school community)
• upload the recording to an educational app that is being used by the school to communicate with the
school community (ie Schoolbag, Seesaw, Compass and SZapp, but excluding apps like Snapchat and
TikTok).
Note, the school cannot upload this to social media.

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Labelling a recording
You must label the recording in the following way:
‘This recording has been made under a licence from AMCOS and ARIA for school
purposes only’.
You must also display the following details of each musical work captured in the recording:
• the title
• the composer/arranger
• the artist and recording company (if you are using a backing track).

What is not covered by the
music licences?
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• Copying or performing entire Grand Right Works (eg musicals, operas) or long choral works.
o You can make copies of up to three songs from a Grand Right Work or long choral work.
o You can also perform part of a Grand Right Work.
o If your school wants to stage an entire musical (eg ‘Matilda’), you will need to obtain
permission from the copyright owner.
• Copying sheet music for private tuition, even if it takes place on the educational institution’s
premises.

Music in religious services
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Schools that are covered by the music licences can rely on them when using religious music if:
• the music is covered by the national schools music licences
• the service or event is for a school purpose
• the music is being used in a way that is covered by the national schools music licences.
Examples of activities where schools may use religious music:
• students and staff singing hymns during school assemblies, graduation programmes and
seasonal services
• displaying lyrics on a screen during a school assembly or school religious service
• playing musical works and sound recordings in school religious services, even where held at non-
school venues.
https://smartcopying.edu.au/music-in-religious-services/

Music in religious services
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• Most of the Christian liturgical music used by schools will be covered by the music
licences. However, a small number of composers/publishers are not included.
• You can check whether a particular composer and/or music publisher is covered by
searching APRA AMCOS Works Search or contacting APRA AMCOS at
schools@apra.com.au.
• If the music is not covered by the licences, you should contact CCLI or OneLicense.

Co-curricular Licence
https://smartcopying.edu.au/films-playing-for-non-educational-purposes/ 56

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• Optional licence – your school or Department/administering body can choose to
take up the licence.
• Permits schools to play films to teachers, students and parents acting in a
supervisory capacity for the following purposes:
o at school for entertainment purposes (eg at lunchtime on a rainy day)
o on bus excursions, where the school provides the DVD (not the bus company)
o at school camps and excursions, including outdoor screenings at camp, where
the school provides the DVD (not the camp)
o at after-school care and holiday programs conducted at and by the school.

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• Roadshow Films Pty Ltd
• Walt Disney
• Warner Bros
• Paramount
• Universal International Pictures
• 20th Century Fox
• Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc.
• Icon
• eOne
• StudioCanal (previously Hoyts)
• Palace Films
• Rialto Entertainment
• Madman
• Transmission
• Pinnacle
• Sub labels of these (eg MGM, United
Artists, Dreamworks, Buena Vista,
Columbia, Tristar, Hopscotch, Marvel
and Pixar).
Only covers Roadshow studios and distributors including:

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The Co-curricular Licence will not apply where the film is played:
• to the general public
• at a fundraising event for the school
• at school and after school holiday programs conducted by a third party
• at an event advertised or promoted to people other than students and staff of the
school
• where advertising or promotion occurs during the playing of a film.

Music and Co-curricular
Licences FAQs
60
1. Can students sing the song ‘Happy’ in an upcoming school performance?
2. Can the primary school band conductor make 40 copies of sheet music of multiple songs from the musical
Shrek?
3. Can I play a song as the school bell?
4. A year 6 class does a dance performance to the track ‘This is Me’ at the end of year concert.
a) Can a teacher record their performance?
b) Can the teacher upload this to Facebook or the school’s website?
c) Can a copy of the recording be provided to parents of those students?
5. Can a teacher scan a piece of sheet music and upload this to their school’s DTE?
6. Can a teacher play a film at lunch time on a rainy day?

61
Education Exceptions

https://smartcopying.edu.au/performance-and-communication-of-copyright-material-in-class/
Performing and
Communicating Material in
Class (s 28)
62

Performing and
communicating copyright
material in class (s 28)
63
• Section 28 allows schools to perform and communicate material 'in class'
(includes remote students).
• A free exception – no fees are paid.
• Does not permit copying – the ‘show and tell’ exception.
• Includes any type of material.
• Must be restricted to staff and students who need material.

Section 28 uses
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• Reading a story, news article, journal, handbook or other literary work.
• Playing:
o television programs from free to air and pay television
o radio programs from free to air radio and digital radio stations
o television programs from streaming services (eg Netflix, Stan)
o a film in any format (eg DVD or a film from Apple TV, Google Play, etc)
o purchased material in any format (eg a film, audiobook, television program or series)
o online television programs from catch up television (eg ABC iView, SBS on Demand, 7plus)
o sound recordings in any format (eg CD, DVD, cassettes, digital music from Apple Music, Google Play).
• Staging a performance of a play.
• Displaying content from a live website on an interactive whiteboard.

65
Section 28 does not cover communicating or performing a work:
• to the parents of students
• for a fundraising activity
• at a school excursion or camp where there is no teaching involved
• for non-teaching purposes in the school (eg showing a film at lunch on a rainy day,
playing music at school concerts, dances or formals, sports days, fairs, etc).

https://smartcopying.edu.au/flexible-dealing/
Flexible Dealing (s 200AB)
66

Flexible dealing (s 200AB)
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• Schools commonly rely on this exception to copy audio-visual content (eg
YouTube videos).
• Section 200AB is a flexible exception that can be used by schools when no
other exception or licence applies.
• You must assess your proposed use on a case-by-case basis.
• The NCU has guidelines to ensure your use falls under section 200AB.

Flexible dealing guidelines
68
Flexible dealing only applies if:
1. You cannot rely on any other licence or exception AND
2. You need the material for educational instruction AND
• Educational instruction includes:
o teaching
o preparing to teach
o compiling resources for student homework or research
o doing anything else for the purpose of teaching.
• You can’t rely on this exception for ‘just in case’ copying.
3. Your use does not conflict with the normal exploitation of the material.
• If you can buy the material in the format you need within a reasonable time, or obtain a licence for your
proposed use on reasonable terms, then you must do so.

Flexible dealing guidelines
69
If you meet those three criteria, you may be able to rely on the flexible dealing exception provided you:
• ensure no further copies or downloads can be made - if you are uploading content to the
school DTE, make sure it is view only
• limit access to the students/classes that need it for the specific instructional purpose - if you are
uploading a film to the school DTE for a year nine English class, only make it available to the students in
that class
• only use the amount of material that you need - if you only need to show students an extract of
a film, you won’t be able to rely on the flexible dealing exception to copy the entire film
• only make the material available for the time needed for the course of study - if students need to
access an excerpt of a documentary on the DTE for a course on the Great Depression, archive or
disable access by students to the documentary once it is no longer needed by the students
You must not make a profit from anything you use under flexible dealing. Cost recovery is okay.

Common flexible dealing
activities
70
• Copying extracts of videos (eg YouTube) needed for educational instruction.
• Copying an entire video (eg YouTube) for educational instruction when you cannot purchase it.
• Format shifting small extracts of a video when it is needed for educational instruction.
• Format shifting an entire video for educational instruction when you cannot purchase it.
• Preparing an arrangement of a musical work for students to perform in class when you cannot purchase
the arrangement.
• Changing/adapting song lyrics when the changed/adapted lyrics are needed for educational instruction.
• Making translations of works when you cannot purchase the translation and it is needed for educational
instruction.

YouTube, Apple TV, Google
Play and Netflix
• YouTube, Apple TV, Google Play, Netflix, etc have standard terms and conditions that state content can
only be used for ‘personal, non-commercial’ use.
• You can stream this content in the classroom under section 28. In limited circumstances, you may be
able to make a copy of this content under section 200AB.
• BUT the terms and conditions of these websites may not strictly allow this, so you may be in breach of
contractual terms.
• It is unclear whether contractual terms override exceptions in the Copyright Act.
• Schools can manage risk by only using content under the exceptions in the Copyright Act. Contact the
NCU if you need additional advice.
https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/internet-and-websites/ 71

Smartcopying Tip
72
Link or stream instead of downloading video content
under the flexible dealing exception
• link to or embed content – linking and embedding are
not copyright activities as you are not copying the
content. You are merely providing a pathway to where
they are on another website.
• directly stream content in class.
"File:External-link (CoreUI Icons
v1.0.0).svg" by CoreUI is licensed under CC BY 4.0

73
https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/library-exam-and-disability-copying/copying-for-exams/
Exam Copying Exception

Exam copying exception
74
• Teachers and administering bodies are allowed to copy and communicate
copyright material for use in online and hardcopy exams.
• The exception covers:
o all types of copyright material – images, text, music, films, videos, etc.
o actual exams and assessments.
https://smartcopying.edu.au/copying-for-exams-what-am-i-allowed-to-do-2/

75
https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/library-exam-and-disability-
copying/disability-access-exceptions/
Disability Access Exceptions

Disability access exceptions
76
The Copyright Act contains two free disability copying exceptions:
1. use of copyright material by organisations assisting persons with a disability
(‘organisational disability exception’) and
2. fair dealing for the purpose of assisting persons with a disability (‘fair dealing
for disability exception’).

77
Broad range of disabilities covered - such as difficulty in reading, viewing, hearing or
comprehending copyright material in a particular form.
Includes students:
• with vision or hearing impairments
• who are unable to hold or manipulate books
• with an intellectual disability
• with general learning difficulties such as dyslexia.
Students do not need to be officially diagnosed with a disability to rely on the exceptions.

78
• Under these exceptions, schools/administering bodies are able to:
o create a digital version of a hardcopy book and make any necessary adjustments,
such as the font size or colour, to assist students with vision impairments
o provide captions, audio-descriptions or subtitles to audio visual material (eg
YouTube, films, etc) for students with hearing impairments
o convert a book into Easy English
o create audio books for students with vision impairment.
• Both exceptions can be used by schools to assist students with a disability, but
the circumstances in which they apply differ.

Organisational disability
exception
79
• Allows schools/administering bodies to make accessible format copies for
students with a disability if the copyright material is not commercially available
in the format required by the student and with the appropriate features they
require.
• No restriction on the kind of format that can be created under this exception
and could include the copying of a whole text work to a more accessible
format.

Fair dealing for the purpose of
access by persons with a
disability
80
• The fair dealing for disability exception allows teachers/administering bodies
to copy materials for students with a disability provided the use is ‘fair’.
• Common examples of fair dealings include:
o copying short extracts from films or news stories and captioning them
o copying pages from a book and enlarging the font.

Which disability exception
applies?
81
Organisational Disability Exception Fair Dealing for Disability Exception
If you need to copy or format shift an
entire copyright work, it’s recommended
that you use the organisational disability
exception provided the material is not
commercially available.
Where you are copying an extract or
portion of a work for a disabled student,
you may be able to rely on the fair dealing
for disability exception. You can rely on
this exception regardless of whether the
material that your student requires is
commercially available.

Notice requirements
82
Best practice to include the following notice where reasonably practicable:
This material has been copied/made available to you under section
[113E/113F (delete as required)] of the Copyright Act. Any further
reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the
subject of copyright protection under the Act. Do not remove this
notice.

83
https://smartcopying.edu.au/students-and-copyright/
Students Fair Dealing

Students fair dealing
84
• Students can copy and communicate works under “fair dealing” without
seeking the permission of the copyright owner.
• Most of the copying/communicating that students do as part of their study will
fall under the fair dealing for research and study exception.

85
Audiobooks

Creating an audiobook
86
1. Is the audiobook available to purchase within a reasonable time in a format
that will suit your school’s educational purposes (eg from Google Play, Apple
Books, Audible)?
If yes, you must purchase the audiobook.
2. Do you need it for an educational purpose?
Educational purpose includes teaching (in a classroom or remotely), preparing to
teach, as part of a course of study or retaining in the library for use as a teaching
resource.
https://smartcopying.edu.au/flexible-dealing/

Creating an audiobook
87
3. Does it unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the copyright
owner?
If you are communicating this audiobook (eg uploading it to a DTE):
• Only use the content you need for the specific educational purpose.
• Avoid making the audiobook/recording available for further copying and reuse (eg
by posting the audiobook on a public website).
• Limit access to the students that need it on a password protected DTE and
access limited to streaming (as opposed to downloading).
• Remove the copy from the password protected online space as soon as
practicable (eg by archiving).

Alternatives to creating your
own audiobook
88
You cannot create your own audiobook if one is commercially available. Some alternatives are:
1. Shop around for audiobooks
Many online providers (eg Apple Books, Google Play, Audible, Kobo, Overdrive) allow you to purchase, subscribe
and/or rent audiobooks. Some of these providers allow multiple devices to be logged in at the same time (eg
Google play allows up to five per account).
2. Free audiobooks
You can stream (and in some instances download) audiobooks for free from:
• Spotify
• OpenCulture (http://www.openculture.com/freeaudiobooks)
• Project Guttenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org/)
• Librivox (https://librivox.org/).

Alternatives to creating your
own audiobook
89
3. Loading audiobooks onto devices and loaning these devices to students
If your library has a fleet of devices (eg ipads, ipods, tablets, laptops), the school can purchase the audiobooks
needed, load these audiobooks onto the devices and loan these devices to students.
• You need to purchase one copy of the audiobook per device. If you have 10 devices, you would need 10 copies
of an audiobook.
• You must make sure students cannot make further copies of the audiobooks from these devices.
• This option may allow you to purchase audiobooks from multiple sources depending on which is cheapest.

Education exception and
audiobook FAQs
90
1. Can I display a few pages of a website on an interactive whiteboard as part of a classroom
activity/discussion?
2. Can I give my students a link to a YouTube clip to watch?
3. Can I format shift a film in DVD to MP4 to put onto our school’s DTE when the film is available
on Google Play?
4. Can I enlarge the font size of a book for a student with reading difficulties?
5. Can I play a movie from ABC iView in my class for educational purposes?
6. Can I create an audiobook (ie record myself reading a book) and upload this to a password
protected DTE for students to listen to?

91
Remote Learning

Storytime Arrangement
Allows schools in lockdown to read Australian children’s books online to students and families,
provided:
1. Storytime is live streamed wherever possible (eg via Google Classroom, Zoom or Facebook live
streaming) and access limited to students of the school and their families.
2. If live streaming is not practical, you may make a recording of Storytime available, provided:
a) the recording is “view only” (ie no further copies can be made or downloaded) and
b) wherever possible that recording should be made available using password protected
access in a DTE (eg Google Classroom), rather than on a public site (eg Facebook).
3. You give bibliographic details of the book at the beginning of the recording – title, author,
illustrator (if applicable) and publisher.
4. Access to the recording is disabled within a month of resuming normal teaching practices and
deleted 12 months after it was made.
https://smartcopying.edu.au/revival-of-storytime-arrangement-2/

COVID-19 school lockdown
• Use free legal sources where possible (eg Creative Commons, YouTube, ABC iView).
• If students need to read or view content on the internet, link rather than provide copies
of the content.
• Consider subscription services that can be accessed from home (Eg Hot Maths or
Reading Eggs) rather than copying content.
• If the above are not possible, you may be able to provide copies via a DTE but the rules
differ depending on the type of material. See FAQ 4 in Part 2 of our COVID-19 School
Lockdown Copyright Guidance information sheet.
• Contact the NCU if you need further assistance.
https://smartcopying.edu.au/covid-19-school-lockdown-copyright-guidance/

COVID-19 school lockdown
Whether schools are allowed to use copyright material in lessons held via video conferencing (eg Zoom) or
recorded for students to watch later is a grey area. To minimise the risk, schools should:
1. only use copyright material where it is for educational purposes or instruction.
2. only use a small amount of copyright material (ie extracts) not the whole of a work, video or song etc
3. ensure the lesson or any recording is only made available to those students who need it as part of
their studies (eg via a username and password in a closed environment not on an open internet page)
4. instruct students, where possible, to only watch the lesson or recording when physically located in
their homes, not in a community space or their parent’s workplace
5. make the lesson or recording “view only”, so that no further copies can be made or downloaded
6. only make recordings available for the period of time for which they are needed
7. archive or disable access once the materials are no longer needed (eg when normal teaching
resumes).

https://smartcopying.edu.au/remote-and-digital-learning-day-to-day-teaching-and-learning/
‘Day to day’ remote and digital
teaching and learning
• Schools are not clearly permitted to use digital technologies to provide remote
teaching and learning support to Australian students in all circumstances.
• Following the principles in the previous slides may reduce (and in some cases
eliminate) the risk that your school is infringing copyright.
• However, the risk of copyright infringement through digital uses during normal
teaching periods is higher than it is during ‘lockdown’.
• For more information, see our Remote and Digital Learning information sheet.

96
Seeking Permission
and Consents

Seeking permission and consents
Seeking permission Consent from students
Schools only need to seek the copyright owner’s permission
when:
• they are not able to rely on a statutory or voluntary
licence or educational use exception to use material in
the way they intend (eg if uploading resource to a
public school website)
• the material is not licensed under Creative Commons.
To seek permission, you will need to:
• figure out who the copyright owner is
• write/email them to seek permission.
Consent is required from a student (or their guardian) if a
school is using material created by students and/or using
photos or videos of students internally (eg on a password
protected DTE or classroom) or externally (eg on the school
website or social media platforms like Facebook or
YouTube):
• in class activities
• in documents, newsletters, displays, journals,
professional development materials used internally or
externally
• as part of marketing materials for the school (eg an
information booklet, poster or on the school website).
For information about when permission is required and sample permission requests, see
https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/permissions-and-consents/.
97

https://smartcopying.edu.au/labelling-and-attributing/
Attributing material used with
permission
Best practice attribution of material where you have permission to use a third party work:
1. As a resource on its own/in a resource you created
Reproduced and made available for copying and communication by [insert name of
Department/Administering Body/School] for [its] educational purposes with the permission of [name
copyright owner].
2. If permission is limited to use in the specific resource (ie no further copying or communicating
is permitted)
Reproduced and made available for copying and communication by [insert name of
Department/Administering Body/School] for [its] educational purposes with the permission of [name
copyright owner] (for use in this publication only).

99
Recap: How can I use
material?

Copy and
communicate
Statutory Text
and Artistic
Works Licence
Make
accessible
versions for
students with a
disability
Disability
Access
Exceptions
Use in an exam
Exam Copying
Exception
Display in class
Section 28
Translate,
adapt, create
material if not
commercially
available
Flexible Dealing
Exception
https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/text-material/
https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/artistic-works-and-images/
Text and artistic works

Copy and
communicate
Statutory
Broadcast
Licence
https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/radio-and-television-broadcasts/
Radio and television
broadcasts
Radio Tower by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
Play in class
Section 28

https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/films-and-videos/
Films and videos
Play in class
Section 28
Play for non-
educational
purposes
Co-curricular
Licence
Make
accessible
versions for
students with
a disability
Disability
Access
Exceptions
Use in an
exam
Exam
copying
exception
Copy and
communicate
if not
commercially
available
Flexible
Dealing

https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/music/
Music
Music includes
musical works and
sound recordings
Play or
display in
class
Section 28
Perform or
play outside
class
APRA Licence
+
PPCA Licence
OR exception
Live stream
or make
recordings of
a school
event
School Event
Licence
Make
accessible
versions for
students with
a disability
Disability
Access
Exceptions
Use in an
exam
Exam
Copying
Exception
Copy and
communicate
sheet music
AMCOS
Licence
Use not
covered by
the school
music
licences
CCLI or
OneLicense
Licence

104
Open Education
Resources and
Creative Commons
https://smartcopying.edu.au/creative-commons-oer/

www.smartcopying.edu.au https://smartcopying.edu.au/introduction-to-oer/
What are Open Education
Resources (OER)
OER are teaching, learning and research materials that are in the public domain or have been
released under an open licence that permits free access, use, modification and sharing by others
with no or limited restrictions.
“Is licensing really the most important question for OER?” by Caroline
Madigan for opensource.com is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0
105

https://smartcopying.edu.au/what-is-creative-commons/
What is Creative Commons
(CC)?
Creative Commons (CC) is the most common way of releasing materials under an open licence. CC
are a set of free licences for creators to use when making their work available to the public. All CC
licences permit use educational uses of a work. Teachers and students can freely copy, share and
sometimes modify and remix a CC work without having to seek the permission of the creator.
Adventures in Copyright by by Meredith Atwater for
opensource.com is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0

• CC creates a “some rights reserved” model.
• The copyright owner retains copyright
ownership in their work while inviting certain
uses of their work by the public.
• CC licences create choice and options for
the copyright owner.
Creative Commons: How it all
works
CC five years by shizhao is licensed under CC BY 2.0
Modifications: cropped

Benefits for schools
108
 Cheaper: saves money on copyright fees and administrative costs of seeking permission. Education resources
can be shared freely online with very low transaction costs.
 Equitable: offers equal access to knowledge for everyone and allows for education resources to be adapted
for minorities and those with disabilities.
 Collaborative: encourages collaboration and creates communities based on sharing of education resources.
Can share resources on public websites and social media.
 Adaptable: enables educators to reuse, remix and adapt resources since the copyright owner has already
given permission to everyone (eg by translating or using local examples).
 Safer: free to reuse, remix, redistribute and adapt education resources without running the risk of breaching the
complex copyright rules.
 Internet compatible: it is better adapted to the Internet and the freedom which the Internet provides to copy,
distribute, adapt and remix resources.
 Accessible: over 1.8 billion Creative Commons licensed works.

CC licence elements
109
There are 4 licence elements which are mixed to create six CC licences:
Attribution – attribute the author
Non-commercial – no commercial use
No Derivative Works – no remixing
ShareAlike – remix only if you let others remix

CC licences
Licence Type Licence Conditions
Attribution Freely use, copy, adapt and distribute to anyone
provided the copyright owner is attributed.
Attribution No Derivatives Freely use, copy and distribute to anyone but only in
original form. The copyright owner must be attributed.
Attribution Share Alike Freely use, copy, adapt and distribute provided the new
work is licensed under the same terms as the original
work. The copyright owner must be attributed.

CC licences
Licence Type Licence Conditions
Attribution Non Commercial Freely use, copy, adapt and distribute for non-
commercial purposes. The copyright owner must be
attributed.
Attribution Non Commercial No Derivatives Freely use, copy and distribute verbatim copies of the
original work for non-commercial purposes. The
copyright owner must be attributed.
Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike Freely use, copy, adapt and distribute for non-
commercial purposes provided the new work is
licensed under the same terms as the original work.
The copyright owner must be attributed.

http://www.smartcopying.edu.au/open-education/creative-commons/quick-guide-to-creative-commons

113
https://smartcopying.edu.au/how-to-find-creative-commons-licensed-materials/
Finding CC licensed
resources

The best place to start is CC Search:
https://ccsearch.creativecommons.org/
You can also search for CC licensed material on
Google, YouTube and Flickr.
https://smartcopying.edu.au/how-to-find-creative-commons-materials-using-
the-creative-commons-search-portal/
Best way to find CC materials
114
"Large copyright sign made of jigsaw puzzle
pieces" by Horia Varlan is licensed under CC BY 2.0

CC Search
115

CC Search one-click
attribution
116
One-click attribution: CC Search gives you the attribution for all images. Makes it much easier to
credit the source of any image you discover.

CC Search sources
117

Google advanced search
118
Two options
1. Go directly to the advanced search page:
https://www.google.com.au/advanced_search.
2. After searching for something on the normal Google search, you can filter so that
the search results given are only free, openly licensed materials.
https://smartcopying.edu.au/how-to-find-creative-commons-materials-using-google/

Google advanced search
120
• Once you’re in the advanced settings, the usage rights filter is at
the very bottom.

Searching Google for openly
licensed images
122
• Advanced search as described above or
• Google has a simpler way to filter Google images by reuse rights
(ie openly licensed resources).

Searching Google Images for
openly licensed images
123
After you search for an image, all
you have to do is click “Tools”,
then under “Usage Rights” select
“Creative Commons licenses”.

YouTube – Filter for CC videos
124
To find CC licensed YouTube
clips, after you do a search:
• click on the filters option
and
• under ‘Features’ select
Creative Commons.

YouTube – Filter for CC videos
125

Flickr
126
• Flickr has an entire section on their website dedicated to CC
licensed images: https://www.flickr.com/creativecommons/.
• When you’re on that section of the website, you can browse
images licensed under CC.
• However, if you want to search for an image, you have to add a
filter for CC licences.

Flickr
127
• When you search on Flickr,
the default setting is to return
results with ‘Any licence’.
• This setting has to be
changed to return results only
licensed under Creative
Commons.

Flickr
128

Other places to find CC
material
129
• Images: https://www.smartcopying.edu.au/open-education/open-education-resources/where-to-
find-cc-licensed-material/where-to-find-cc-licensed-images
• Videos: https://www.smartcopying.edu.au/open-education/open-education-resources/where-to-
find-cc-licensed-material/where-to-find-cc-licensed-videos
• Music: https://www.smartcopying.edu.au/open-education/open-education-resources/where-to-
find-cc-licensed-material/where-to-find-cc-licensed-music
• Audiobooks: https://www.smartcopying.edu.au/open-education/open-education-resources/where-
to-find-cc-licensed-material/where-to-find-other-cc-licensed-material
• Other good CC/OER websites with an array of materials: https://www.smartcopying.edu.au/open-
education/open-education-resources/where-to-find-oer-materials

CC plugins
130
• CC Plugin for WordPress websites: allows for easy searching and use of CC-licensed
images for WordPress websites: https://wordpress.org/plugins/ls-wp-ccsearch/.
• CC Add-in for Microsoft Office: enables you to embed Creative Commons licenses
directly into Word, PowerPoint, and Excel documents: https://www.microsoft.com/en-
us/download/details.aspx?id=13303.
• A number of other plugins to help search for, integrate and licence CC material:
https://wordpress.org/plugins/tags/creative-commons/.
• The CC Search Browser Extension is an open-source, lightweight plugin that can be
installed and used by anyone with an updated web browser.

131
https://smartcopying.edu.au/applying-a-creative-commons-licence/
Licensing your learning
resources under CC

Applying a CC licence to your
learning resources
132
• Schools are encouraged to use CC licensed resources as well as
licence learning resources they create under CC, where possible.
• This is because teachers can do more with CC licensed material and it
is free to access, use, modify and share.
• For more information on how to do this, see
https://smartcopying.edu.au/applying-a-creative-commons-licence/.

Adding a CC licence to
learning resources
133
To license a learning resource that you’ve created under CC, all you have to do is:
1. choose your CC licence: https://creativecommons.org/choose/
2. copy the CC Licence icon
3. paste the icon onto the resource along with the attribution information and/or any other
notice you would like to include and
4. include a copyright statement on the resource to reflect the CC licence.
All Creative Commons Licence icons, can be found on the Creative Commons Licence
Chooser website: https://creativecommons.org/choose/.

Adding a CC licence to
learning resources
134
Then include a copyright statement on your resource. Here’s an example:
© [State (Department of Education) eg State of New South Wales (Department of
Education)] [school name], 2020. Except as otherwise noted, this [insert learning
resource title] is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Licence. To view a copy of this licence, visit
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
The copyright statement and CC licence can be placed on the first and/or last page of the
resource or the footer of the resource so that it travels onto every page.

Third party content
135
• You cannot apply a Creative Commons licence to third party content as you do not
have the rights.
• For all third party content, you must prominently mark or indicate in a notice that
this content is excluded from the Creative Commons licence.
• Learning resources that include third party content cannot go on a public website.
Must be password protected.
https://smartcopying.edu.au/how-to-label-third-party-content-in-creative-commons-licensed-material/

How to label third party
content
136
There is no single correct way to label third party content, and different situations may require
more or less complicated notices and marking.
There are 2 often used mechanisms:
1. A notice next to third party content: this involves marking or notating all third party
content. To do this you should indicate directly underneath the content.
OR
2. A general notice listing all third party content: this involves giving a general notice
that identifies all third party content. This notice would usually be included in your terms of
use or copyright statement for a website or in the verso page or bibliography for a work.

137
https://smartcopying.edu.au/how-to-attribute-creative-commons-licensed-materials/
Attribution of CC licensed
material

Attributing CC material
138
Teachers can use CC licensed materials as long as
you follow the licence conditions. One condition of all
CC licences is attribution. When attributing
remember TASL:
 T: Title
 A: Author
 S: Source
 L: Licence
Always check whether the creator has specified a
particular attribution.
"Free Stock: Copyright sign 3D render" by Muses Touch is
licensed under a CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

Where should I place the
attribution?
139
• Text resources (eg books, worksheets, PowerPoint slides etc): next to CC work or
as the footer of the page on which the CC work appears.
• Video works: near the work as it appears on screen during the video.
• Sound recordings (eg podcasts): mention the name of the artist during the
recording (like a radio announcement) and provide full attribution details in text
near the podcast where it is being stored (eg blog, school intranet, learning
management system etc).

140
How would you attribute this CC image: https://www.flickr.com/photos/lschlagenhauf/38494602082/?
Furggelen afterglow taken by Lukas Schlagenhauf.
This image can be used under Creative Commons BY ND 2.0 Generic Licence.

141
1. Title: Furggelen afterglow
2. Author: Lukas Schlagenhauf – linked to his profile page
3. Source: Furggelen afterglow – linked to original Flickr page
4. Licence: CC BY-ND 2.0 – linked to licence deed
“Furggelen afterglow” by Lukas Schlagenhauf is licensed under CC BY-ND 2.0.

Attribution of school owned
material
142
• Material that has been created by your school or administering body should be
clearly labelled as such in order to avoid paying fees under the statutory licence to
use the material.
• Recommended attribution for CC licensed material is:
© [State (Department of Education) eg State of New South Wales (Department
of Education)] [school name], 2020. Except as otherwise noted, this [insert
content title] is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International Licence. To view a copy of this licence, visit
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
https://smartcopying.edu.au/labelling-and-attributing/

143
https://www.oerafrica.org/communication/find-open-
content/index.html#/lessons/_JVZ0dzfoYEImW4tZxtuA1hgwWiLd23q
Creative
Commons Quiz

Useful OER and CC links
144
• OER in Australia
• Creative Commons Information Pack for teachers and students
• Where to find CC licensed materials
• Short explainers on CC and OER
• Videos on Creative Commons
• CC Search Browser Extension

145
Workshop

Case Study 1 – Statutory
licences
Kent, a geography teacher, is preparing some teaching resources. He:
1. photocopies material from a textbook to hand out to students in his class
2. uploads a list of website links to his school’s DTE for his students to access
3. scans and uploads an entire novel to the school’s DTE when the novel is commercially available as
an e-book
4. downloads other people's lecture notes, student quizzes and worksheets from the internet
5. downloads a television program from ClickView to show to his class.
Is Kent allowed to do each of the activities? If yes, are there any restrictions on how he can use the
materials (eg consider copying limits, labelling requirements)?
146

Case Study 2 – Music and co-
curricular licences
Samantha is a teacher librarian who has been asked by teachers in her school if they are allowed to:
1. live stream a school concert on the school’s website
2. put a video recording of the school concert on a teacher’s personal Facebook page
3. display lyrics at a school assembly where parents are present
4. play music at a school swimming carnival
5. play a film at a school excursion.
What should Samantha tell them? If the activities are allowed, are there any restrictions (eg consider
copying limits, labelling requirements)?
147

Case Study 3 – Educational
exceptions
Carol is a school principal who has been asked by teachers in her school if they are allowed to:
1. play an episode of a Netflix documentary series in class for educational purposes
2. format shift a CD into an electronic file (eg MP3) to upload onto the school’s DTE to play to the
class for educational purposes when the MP3 is not commercially available
3. caption videos for students with hearing disabilities
4. copy a clip from a film and provide students access to it for use in an online exam, when the film is
commercially available on Apple TV and
5. make an audio recording of a book which is available to purchase on Audible.
What should Carol tell them? Are these activities covered by an exception? If so, please specify which.
Are there any other restrictions that may limit the application of the copyright exception relied on?
148

Case study 4 – Creative
Commons
Issy is a science teacher at a school. She has created a resource for her classes. She wants to license it
under a CC BY licence and wants to know:
1. what she needs to do in order to license it under Creative Commons.
2. can she use a photograph that was released under a CC BY licence in her resource?
3. can she make changes to an illustration that has been licensed under a CC BY ND licence and use it in
her resource?
4. can she use an image that she sourced from the internet (not CC licensed) in her resource?
5. if she applies a Creative Commons licence to the resource, does that mean she has to make it
available on the internet?
149

150
Smartcopying Tips

Smartcopying tips
Use Creative Commons (CC) licensed content and
consider licensing your resources under CC.
• Material whose owner has given permission for the
material to be used for educational purposes, for free.
• Depending on the licence, it can also be modified and
shared by teachers and students.
Creative Commons - cc stickers by Kristina
Alexanderson is licensed under CC BY 2.0
151

Smartcopying tips
Link – link or embed material
whenever possible.
Providing a link is not a copyright activity. You
are not copying the content, just providing a
reference to its location elsewhere.
"Netzwerke" is licensed with CC0 1.0.
Modifications: recoloured.
152

Smartcopying tips
Label – always attribute the source.
• All material created and used for educational purposes should be properly attributed.
• Attributing is important to ensure that we don't pay licence fees for material we
already own or are allowed to use – eg school created content.
• Attribution should include details such as:
o the copyright owner (eg the publisher) and/or author
o title and publication information if available (eg edition, ISBN)
o where the material was sourced from (eg URL if online).
Price Tag by pngimg.com is licensed
under CC BY-NC. Modifications:
recoloured.
153

Smartcopying tips
Limit – ensure access to material is
limited to the relevant staff/students only
• Once material is communicated to an entire school or
jurisdiction, the risk of copyright infringement increases.
• Collecting societies believe that the value of content
increases with the number of people who can access it.
• Limiting access is important for cost and risk
management. Login Computer Internet Password Security by Max Pixel is
licensed under Creative Commons Zero - CC0.
Modifications: recoloured.
154

Smartcopying tips
Clear out material that is no
longer required
Clearing out material as soon as possible
when it is no longer required is one practical
way of managing copyright risk and costs.
"Future Shop 'Back to School'" by Tendril * is licensed under CC BY-ND 4.0
155

Creating learning resources that include
third party text and artistic works
156
https://smartcopying.edu.au/flowcharts/

Tips for encouraging
copyright compliance
157
Schools/administering bodies can do the following to ensure student and staff compliance with copyright
obligations:
• Encourage the use of the Smartcopying website and contact the NCU with any copyright questions.
• The NCU leads a ‘Copyright for Educators’ course – this is a free online course for all Australian school
and TAFE teachers and librarians.
• Ensure students and teachers are aware of the Smartcopying tips – Link, Label, Limit and Clear out
material when no longer needed.
• Encourage the use of Creative Commons and OER where possible. Have a look at our short
explainers on CC and OER on the Smartcopying website.

Copyright 4 Educators online
course
158
• Free online course for educators who want to learn about copyright, statutory
licences, educational exceptions and open educational resources.
• 7 week course. Three courses run in 2021, with over 80 learners taking the course.
• 2022 dates: TBC.
• More information on the Smartcopying website:
http://www.smartcopying.edu.au/educational-resources/copyright-4-educators-
course.

More information
159
slideshare.net/nationalcopyrightunit
smartcopying@det.nsw.edu.au
02 7814 3855

Copyright for Educators Schools - November 11 2021

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