2. BENDASING SALUR
PERNAFASAN
OBJEKTIF
Diakhir kuliah ini pelatih akan dapat;
1. Mendefinisikan penyekatan salur pernafasan
2. Menyatakan etiologi penyekatan salur pernafasan
3. Menyatakan tanda dan simptom penyekatan salur
pernafasan
4. Menerangkan rawatan kecemasan keadaan penyekatan
salur pernafasan
3. BENDASING SALUR
PERNAFASAN
Benda asing di saluran pernafasan
menyebabkan penyekatan saluran
pernafasan ~ tercekik ~ yg merupakan
satu keadaan kecemasan yg memerlukan
pengurusan segera. Pengesanan awal
adalah penting utk mencegah komplikasi
termasuk terhenti bernafas
(respiratory arrest)
4. BENDASING SALUR
PERNAFASAN
ETIOLOGI
Sekatan bendasing spt makanan, alat
permainan (kanak-kanak) pada cabang
bronkiol atau laring.
Makanan yg tidak dikunyah sempurna
Makan di bawah pengaruh alkohol (café
coronary ~ spt penyakit koronari)
5. BENDASING SALUR
PERNAFASAN
MANIFESTASI KLINIKAL
1. Sejarah sedang makan / main
2. Tanda universal ~ memegang leher
3. Sukar bercakap / bernafas
PERINGATAN
Jika pesakit batuk ~ jangan ganggu
Menunjukan ada pertukaran udara yg berkesan ~ biarkan
pesakit cuba mengeluarkan sendiri dulu
6. BENDASING SALUR
PERNAFASAN
MANIFESTASI KLINIKAL
IF...
the infant or child is
breathing and continues
to be able to speak or
cough
THEN...
do not interfere, but
take
to an advanced
life support facility
IF...
the infant or child
has a fever and a
history of illness
(the air passages
may be swollen)
THEN...
transport immediately
to an emergency
care facility
7. BENDASING SALUR
PERNAFASAN
MANIFESTASI KLINIKAL
IF...
the infant or child
has ineffective
coughing, high
pitched inspirations,
and the inability to
speak or cry,
THEN...
immediately begin the
obstructed airway
sequence described
below.
8. BENDASING SALUR
PERNAFASAN
RAWATAN KECEMASAN
1. ‘Heimlich maneuvre’ atau ‘subdiaphargmatic
abdominal thrust’
2. Langkah-langkah lain
Krikotiroidektomi ~ insisi pada membran
krikotiroid antara rawan tiroid dgn
gelang rawan krikoid
Intubasi endotrakea ~ memasukkan tiub
endotrakea utk memberi ventilasi
Trakeotomi ~ insisi pd kawasan rawan
trakea
9. BENDASING SALUR
PERNAFASAN
RAWATAN KECEMASAN
3. Ibu mengandung / dewasa gemuk ~ lakukan ‘chest thrust’
4. Piawai rawatan mengikut Persatuan Jantung Amerika
Pesakit sedarkan diri
Pesakit sedarkan diri tidak sedar
Pesakit yg dijumpai tidak sedarkan diri
10.
11. PREVENTION IS NO
ACCIDENT
DEWASA
1. Cut food into small pieces.
2. Chew food slowly and thoroughly,
especially if wearing dentures.
3. Avoid laughing and talking during
chewing and swallowing.
4. Avoid excessive intake of alcohol
before and during meals.
12. PREVENTION IS NO
ACCIDENT
BAYI & KANAK-KANAK
Keep marbles, beads, thumbtacks, and
other small objects out of their reach and
prevent them from walking, running, or
playing with food or toys in their
mouths.