This document discusses the stages of career orientation in children from early childhood to late adolescence. It notes that in adolescence, children experience simultaneous changes physically, sexually, emotionally, and psychosocially. The document outlines major challenges children face, including physical, mental health, and social problems. It emphasizes involving children in career decisions and exploring their thoughts and interests through open communication. Parents and teachers are encouraged to provide guidance to help children choose educational and career paths.

1. D R . N A M I T A C H A N D R A
J U N I O R R E S I D E N T
U P G R A D E D D E P A R T M E N T O F
P A E D I A T R I C S
CHALLENGES FOR CHILDREN
IN MAKING THEIR CAREER

2. ORIENTATION TO CAREER IN CHILDREN

3. STAGES OF ORIENTATION TO CAREER
There are 4 stages – starting from Early childhood to
late adolescence
Childhood thoughts
 3 – 5 years: Size, power, work is part of adult world
,Can express their ideas about careers
 6 – 8 years: Awareness of sex roles, Narrow their
occupational alternatives

4. Adolescent thoughts
 9 – 13 years: CONCRETE THINKING MODEL of
childhood persist in early adolescence whether
concepts are perceived more ‘literally’ . Awareness of
social class; lower and higher status occupations; link
between occupation and income
 Above 13 years
Become career oriented
Moral values and strong self identity established.
Representations of social class – clothing, possessions

5.  Adolescence
Stage of human development encompassing the
transition from childhood to adulthood.

6.  Adolescere – latin word means to grow into
maturity.
 WHO – age period between 10 – 19 years for both
sexes, married & unmarried people.
 Youth – 15- 24 years
 Young people – 10- 24 years

7. CONFUSED
In adolescent
stage children
having
simultaneous
changes in
them i.e.
Somatic ,
sexual ,
hormonal ,
coginative,em
otional and
phycosocial .

8. Aspirations
When I grow up I want my career to be like……………
one of my parents
one of my favourite relatives
a family friend with a cool job
my teacher
someone I have seen working
someone on television
a famous sports star, entertainer, movie star
a cartoon character.

9. MAJOR CHALLENGES FACED BY CHILDREN
 PHYSICAL CHALLENGES
- Congenital malformation/defects
- Precocious/ delayed puberty
- Short stature
- Asthma, DM ,congenital & rheumatic heart
diseases
- Tuberculosis, malaria
- Malignancy
* Any chronic disease for which very frequently
visiting hospital.

10. - Malnutrition/ under- nutrition
- Micronutrient deficiencies
- Obesity
- Eating disorders
- Skin problems
- Teenage pregnancy
- Abortion related problems
- Menstrual problems
- Reproductive tract infections STIs/ HIV/AIDS

11. MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS
- Substance abuse
- Violence
- Depression & suicide
- Learning disorders
- Adjustment disorder
- Conduct disorder
- Homosexuality
- Gender – variants and transgender identity Other
psychiatric problems

12. SOCIAL PROBLEMS
 Lack of guidance
 Poverty
 Early marriage
 Gender discrimination
 Bad friend circle
 Illiterate parents
 Caste discrimination
 Sources limitations
 childhood labour

13. Generation Z
 Media – current affairs
 Realistic, often negative, viewpoints
 What is the affect on attitudes?
 Media – TV shows
 Negative attitudes are “cool”
 Expectations may be warped
 Internet
 Access to information

14. HOW TO CHOOSE CAREER ???

15. WHOM TO INVOLVING IN CAREER MAKING
DECISION

16. Healthy Parenting
 Sex Education – Sexuality, Promiscuity,
Premarital Pregnancy, STDs, .
 Health Education – Personal Hygiene, Malaria,
Contagious Diseases (Mumps, RTIs, Worms,
HIV/AIDS, Substance Abuse, Diet, Safety.
 Guard against Risky (Unhealthy) Behavior
– Smoking & Drinking, Drug Abuse, Overeating,
Sexual Promiscuity, Poor Hygiene, Injurious
Exposure (Danger, Violence, Gangsterism,
Fighting, Criminality)

17. EXPLORE THE THOUGHTS OF CHILDREN
 Parents can have a strong influence on their
children's decisions about education and careers.
They know their child better than anyone else.
 They have more interest in helping their child choose
a rewarding career than anyone else.
 Children need guidance to choose the best education
and career path.
 Your child should explore many different careers,
thinking about what he or she likes and dislikes about
each before focusing on a particular path.
 Listen to your child and help to explore their
options.

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UNICEF
“life-skills based education is
-behavior change or behavior development
approach
-designed to address a balance of three areas:
 knowledge, attitude, and skills.
What is ‘Life Skills’?

20. What are the “Life Skills” ?
 Decision Making & Problem Solving
 Creative & Critical Thinking
 Negotiation Skills
• Effective Communication &
Interpersonal Relationship
• Self Awareness & Empathy
• Coping with stress & Emotions
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21. Significance of learning Life Skills
 To be able to explore alternatives
 Weigh pros and cons
 Make rational decisions
 Communicate effectively
 To say “No”
 Be assertive
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22. How ‘Life Skills’ lead to primary prevention of health
problems?
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Knowledge
Attitudes
Values
Life Skills
Behavior reinforcement or change
Positive Health Behavior
Prevention of Health Problems

23. Life Skills Education
 Dynamic teaching & Dynamic learning
 Working in small groups & pairs
 Brainstorming
 Role-plays
 Experiential learning
 Games & debates
 Home assignments, to further discuss and practice
skills with family & friends.
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24. Needs of Adolescents for making their
decision
 Correct information on health, reproduction,
nutrition, growth & development.
 Education of sex i.e. safe sex ,& HIV/AIDS, STDs/
STI.
 Adequate balanced diet
 Healthy lifestyles
 Education of their choice
 Safe & Supportive environment
 Counseling
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25. NOW LET THEM CHOOSE

26. Conclusion:
 This adolescent period is hazardous for
adolescent health due to absence of proper
guidance and counseling .
 Family has a crucial role in shaping the
adolescents behavior .
 They have to ensure a safe, secure, and
supportive environment for the adolescents.
 Family members in the community to be
informed and educated about this problem.
 A positive and encouraging attitude has to be
developed among the family members and
parents.
 School teachers should be trained on
adolescent health.