The respiratory system is on of the most important vital organ system of the human body. A healthy system will keep any breathing animal alive. It is vital to know about its anatomy and function as well as the common disease associations. This slides will give you a brief account of the diseases that are involved in the respiratory tract and some radiological aspects that we must know. Go through it and enjoy. Thank You!! and feel free to give your valuable comments.

2. Disorders of the upper respiratory
tract
Infectious and inflammatory disorders
• Common cold and influenza
• Sinusitis
• Tonsillitis
• Pharyngitis, laryngitis and tracheitis
• Diphtheria
• Hay fever (allergic rhinitis)

3. Sinusitis

4. Tonsillitis

5. Pharyngitis, laryngitis and tracheitis
• Laryngotracheobronchitis - Croup in children is a rare
but serious complication of upper respiratory tract
infections.
• Acute epiglotitis – A Severe life threatening upper
respiratory tract infection. Rare because of
immunization.
• Diphtheria – A bacterial infection of the pharynx which
may extend to the nasopharynx and trachea, caused by
Corynebacterium diphtheriae.Rare because of
immunization.

6. Acute Epiglotitis

7. Obstructive lung disorders
• Bronchitis
– Acute bronchitis
– Chronic bronchitis
• Emphysema
– Pulmonary emphysema
• Panacinar emphysema
• Centrilobular emphysema
– Interstitial emphysema

8. Bronchitis
• Acute bronchitis - usually a secondary bacterial
infection of the bronchi, usually preceded by a
common cold or influenza.
• Chronic bronchitis – is defined clinically when an
individual has had a cough with sputum for 3 months
in 2 successive years.
– Most common cause -Cigarette smoking
– Following episodes of acute bronchitis often caused by
Haemophilus influenzae or Streptococcus pneumoniae
– chronic exposure to airborne irritants such as urban fog,
vehicular exhaust fumes or industrial pollutants

9. Chronic Bronchitis
• Increased size and
number of mucus glands
• Oedema and other
inflammatory changes
• Reduction in number and
function of ciliated cells
• Fibrosis of the airways

10. Emphysema
• Progressive destruction of supporting elastic tissue in the
lung.
• leads to irreversible distension of the respiratory
bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli, reducing the
surface area for the
exchange of gases.
• Causes
– long-term inflammatory conditions or irritation of the
airways, e.g. in smokers or coal miners
– Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

11. Emphysema

12. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease (COPD)

13. Asthma
• Atopic (childhood onset, extrinsic) asthma
• Non-atopic (adult onset, intrinsic) asthma

15. • Bronchiectasis
• Cystic fibrosis

16. Restrictive disorders
• Pneumoconiosis
• Coal worker’s pneumoconiosis
• Silicosis
• Asbestosis
• Extrinsic allergic alveolitis
• Pulmonary toxins

17. Pneumoconiosis

18. Lung infections
• Pneumonia
– Lobar pneumonia
– Bronchopneumonia
• Lung abscess
• Tuberculosis (TB)
– Pulmonary tuberculosis
• Primary tuberculosis
• Secondary TB
– Non-pulmonary TB
• Miliary TB
• Lymph node TB
• Joint and bone TB

19. Pneumonia

20. Lung Abscess

21. Tuberculosis

22. Lung tumours
• Bronchial carcinoma
• Pleural mesothelioma

23. Lung collapse
• Obstruction of an airway (absorption collapse)
• Impaired surfactant function
• Pressure collapse
– Pneumothorax
• Spontaneous pneumothorax
• Traumatic pneumothorax
• Tension pneumothorax
– Haemothorax
– Pleural effusion
• Alveolar hypoventilation.

26. Normal Chest X Ray

28. Pulmonary TB

29. Lobar Pneumonia

30. Pleural Effusion

31. Lung collapse

32. Bronchiectasis

33. Consolidation

34. Lung Fibrosis

35. COPD

36. Pneumothorax

37. Tension Pneumothorax

38. Hilar enlargement

39. Bag and Mask

40. Airways
• Oro-pharyngeal(Gaudal) airway
• Naso-pharyngeal airway
• Laryngeal mask airway
• Endo-tracheal tube

44. Laryngoscope

45. Laryngeal Mask Airway

46. ET tube

49. Procedures
• Cricothyroid puncture
• Tracheostomy
• Intercostal tube

50. Cricothyroid puncture

53. Intercostal tube

54. Safe triangle

56. Thank You