Severe sport injuries guide covering head injuries, fractures, dislocations (38
1. Severe sport injuries
(Head and neck
injuries,Fracture and
dislocation)
Muhammad aliff hapipy bin azman
Sport medicine
Orthopedic
Hospital taiping
Ppp u29
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2. HEAD AND NECK INJURIES
Head injury
Definition
Any trauma that leads To the injury of the scalp,skull or brain
The injury can range From a minor scalp Laseration to Serious brain injury
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3. HEAD AND NECK INJURIES
Causes
Motor vehicles accident
Falls
Assault
Sport-Related injuries
Firearm-related injuries
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4. HEAD AND NECK INJURIES
Neck injuries
Cervical injuries resulting from participation in sports can be divided into the following clinical syndromes:
Cervical fractures and dislocations
Nerve root or brachial plexus injuries
Intervertebral disc lesions
Cervical stenosis
Acute cervical sprains/strains including whiplash injury
Transient quadriplegia
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5. Neck injuries
Signs and Symptoms
Localized neck pain, which may or may not be severe
Neck stiffness
Pain radiating from the neck down to the shoulders and/or arms
Swelling and bruising
Tenderness
Decrease in sensation in the arms, legs or body
Muscle weakness or paralysis of the arms or legs
Difficulty breathing
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6. Head and neck injuries management
Resuscitation performed According to ATLS
guidelines
A:Airway with cervical spine protection
B:breathing And ventilation
C:Circulation with haemorrhage control
D: Disability (neurological status)
E:Exposure (Completely undress the patient
and assesS for other injury)
Transport to hospital for futher mx
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7. concussion
Minor, moderate and severe head (traumatic brain) injuries
Assess: AVPU, GCS, pupils
Concussions
LOC occurs in less than 10% of
concussions
Remove player : Risk of Malignant
Cerebral Edema, post concussion
syndrome and Chronic Traumatic
Encephalopathy (CTE).
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10. Head and Neck injuries
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World Rugby: First Aid in Rugby
11. Head and Neck injuries
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12. Fractures
Definition
A fracture is a break or crack in the bone.
It is usually caused by trauma, osteoporosis, and overuse.
Fractures caused by overuse or repetitive motion are known as stress fractures and are common in athletes.
Types
Compound (open)
A fracture is considered compound when the broken bone has pierced through the soft tissues and the skin, creating an
open wound.
Simple (closed)
A simple fracture, on the other hand, has little to no damage to the soft tissues surrounding the bone.
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13. Fractures
Symptoms
painful and the pain gets worse with movement.
swelling
bruising
deformity
Compound or open fractures are easier to diagnose, as you can see the
broken bone protruding from the skin.
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14. First aid treatment for fracture
According to a study in the World Journal of Orthopedics, the goal of treatment in sports medicine is to quickly restore the function of the injured
area to help the patient return to play at the soonest and safest possible time.
Rest.
Rest and avoid moving the injured area unnecessarily, as this is very painful and can make the fracture worse.
Control the bleeding
in case of a compound fracture. Using a sterile or a clean bandage or a piece of clothing, apply pressure to the wound.
Ice and immobilization.
Apply an ice pack to the injured area to prevent further swelling and relieve pain. Do not apply the ice directly to the skin. Immobilize the injury
using a splint. You can use a hard splint, like a padded board or a cardboard box, for long bone fractures and a soft splint, like a folded blanket,
towels and a pillow for ankle, wrist, and collarbone fractures.
Compress
Secure the splint in place using a bandage or a strip of cloth. Do not tie it too tightly, as this can impede blood flow. Do not place the ties directly
over the fractured area; they should be above and below the injury.
Elevate
Once the splint is secured, elevating the injury can help control the bleeding and reduce the swelling.
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15. Fracture Immobilisation
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Aims to achieve:
Haemorrhage control
Pain relief
Prevent further soft tissue injury
Reduce chance of fat embolism
Principles
Joint above & below
Padding to bony prominences
Box splint
Vacuum splint
SAM slings
Traction splint (Kendrick)
16. Dislocation
Dislocation
Dislocations are joint injuries that force the ends of your bones out of position.
The cause is often a fall or a blow, sometimes from playing a contact sport.
You can dislocate your ankles, knees, shoulders, hips, elbows and jaw.
You can also dislocate your finger and toe joints.
Dislocated joints often are swollen, very painful and visibly out of place. You may not be able to
move it.
Causes
Trauma that forces a joint out of place causes a dislocation. Car accidents, falls, and contact sports such as football are
common causes of this injury.
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17. Dislocation
Symptoms
Pain
Swelling
Bruising
Instability of the joint
Loss of ability to move the joint
Visibly deformed joint (bone looks out of place)
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