mudasir malik

2. Micelle Mediated Extraction of
Metals from Ores

3. Outline
• Micelle
•Ore vs Mineral
•Metallurgy
•Classification of metals

4. Micelle
•Micelle
Colloidal size particles which exists in equilibrium
state with the molecule or ions in the solution from
which it is made.

5. Formation of Micelles
•When the concentration of surfactant is greater than
critical micelle concentration (CMC) micelles are
formed
•It depends upon the Krafft temperature

6. Formation of Micelles
•When the polar head and the non-polar tails arrange in
a special way

7. Mineral vs Ore
Mineral ore
• Naturally occurring
substance of metal present
in the earth crust are
called minerals.
• Minerals which are used
to obtain metals are called
ores.
• All minerals are not ores • All ores are essentially
mineral too
• Clay is a mineral of
Aluminium
• Bauxite and cryolite are
the main ore of
Aluminium

8. EXTRACTION OF METALS
(METALLURGY)
•The process of extracting pure metal from its ore is
known as Metallurgy.
• Steps involved in metallurgy
Crushing and grinding
Concentration of ore
Preliminary treatment of the concentrated ore
Reduction
Purification

9. CRUSHING AND
GRINDING
•Ore which is obtained from earth crust is in the form
of huge lumps.
•These huge lumps are broken down into small
pieces with jaw crushers.

10. Concentration of Ore
•Extraction of metal from its ore is known as
concentration of ore
•Unwanted rocks are eliminated from ore
Purification of Ore
• Hydraulic washing
• Froth Floatation Process
• Magnetic Separation
• chemical separation

11. Hydraulic washing
•It is based on gravity differences between the ore
and the gangue particles.
•Lighter gangue particles are washed away by a
stream of water, leaving behind the heavier ore.

12. Froth – floating process
•The powdered ore is treated with an oil detergent
mixture, then stirred to create a froth that separates
the detergent coated mineral from the gangue.

13. Magnetic separation
•The powdered ore is rolled on the magnetic roller.
• Magnetic particles are attracted towards belt leaving
behind the non magnetic particles.

14. Chemical separation
•BAYER'S PROCESS
Crude ore is treated with NaOH forming aluminate
which on further treatment with HCl produces
alumina.

15. PRELIMINARY TREATMENT
OF THE CONCENTRATED ORE
• It consists on two processes
•Calcination
•Roasting
•Calcination
•Removal of volatile impurities
•Removal of moisture
•Decomposition of carbonate ore into oxide

16. Calcination
•Fe2O3.xH2O → Fe2O3 + xH2O (g)
•ZnC03 → ZnO + CO2
• CuC03 .Cu(OH)2 → 2CuO + H2O + CO2

17. Roasting
•The impurities (sulphur, phosphorus, arsenic) are
removed as their oxides
• Oxidation occurs to form metal oxide and sulphate
•2PbS + 3O2 → 2PbO + 2SO2
• 2ZnS + 302 → 2ZnO + S02

18. REDUCTION
• Smelting
The roasted or calcined ore is mixed with suitable
quantity of charcoal and is heated.
Flux + Impurities → Slag

19. Purification
• Purification of impure metals is known as refining.
• Distillation
Volatile metals (zinc and mercury) are purified by this
method
•Liquation
It is used for easily fusible metals (bismuth, tin and
lead)

20. Classification of Metals
Ferrous - those based on iron
Steel
Cast iron
Non Ferrous - All other metals
Precious (Gold, Silver, Platinum etc)
Minor (Aluminium, copper, lead etc)
Base (Molybdenum, cobalt, Manganese etc)

21. Thanks