ANATOMY LUNGS AND PLEURA

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2. Pleura is a Double layered membrane that invests both lungs,
lies on either side of the mediastinum within the chest cavity
Consists of:
Parietal layer
Lines the thoracic wall, covers the thoracic surface of
diaphragm & lateral aspect of mediastinum & extends into
root of neck
Visceral layer
Completely covers the outer surfaces of the lungs & extends
into the depth of the interlobar fissures
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5. Pleural Cuff
Two layers continuous
with one another at the
hilum (structure leaving
& entering the lungs) of
the lungs
Pulmonary
Ligament
To allow the movement
of pulmonary vessels &
bronchi during
respiration the pleural
cuff hangs down as a
loose fold
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6. Pleural
cavity/space
Is a slitlike space
between parietal &
visceral layers of pleura
Pleural fluid
To allow the movement
of pulmonary vessels &
bronchi during
respiration the pleural
cuff hangs down as a
loose fold
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7. Is divided into:
1. Costal pleura
Lines the inner
surfaces of the ribs,
costal cartilages,
intercostal spaces,
sides of the
vertebral bodies &
back of sternum
2. Diaphragmatic
pleura
Covers the thoracic
surface of the
diaphragm
Parietal
Pleura 7

8. 3. Mediastinal pleura
Covers & forms the
lateral boundary of
the mediastinum
4. Cervical pleura
Also called as pleural
cupula/dome
Extends up into the
neck, lining the
undersurface of the
suprapleural
membrane. It
reaches a level about
1 to 1 ½ inches
above the medial 3rd
of clavicle
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9. Each lung has a hilum on
its medial aspect. The
hilum of the lung is the
point of entry for the root of
the lung, which includes
the bronchi, the pulmonary
arteries, and the
pulmonary veins. A pleural
sleeve is created around
these structures, where the
pleura reflects, changing
from visceral to parietal
Inferior to the hilum on each lung is the
pulmonary ligament, a continuation of that
pleural reflection.
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10. Costodiaphragmatic recesses
In quite respiration the costal & diaphragmatic pleurae
are in opposition to each other below the lower border
Of the lung. In deep respiration the margins of the base
of the lung descend, & both pleurae separate. This
lower area is called as Costodiaphragmatic recesses
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11. Costomediastinal recesses
Situated along the anterior margin of the
pleura. A slitlike space b/w the costal &
mediastinal parietal pleura that are separated
by a capillary layer of pleural fluid
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12. Nerve supply
Parietal Pleura
is sensitive PTTP
Costal pleura
Intercostal nerves
Mediastinal pleura
Phrenic
Diaphragmatic pleura
Domes by phrenic &
around the
periphery by the lower 6
intercostal nerves
Visceral Pleura
The visceral pleura
receives an autonomic
supply from the
pulmonary plexus it is
sensitive to stretch but
insensitive to PTTP
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13. Soft, spongy & elastic structure in thoracic cavity. If the thoracic
cavity were opened the lungs would immediately shrink to 1/3rd or
less in volume
In child it is pink in but becomes darker with the age because of the
inhalation of dust particles
Lie on each side of the mediastinum
Each lung is conical covered with visceral pleura & suspended free
in its own pleural cavity
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15. External Features
Each lung has a blunt apex
Concave base sits on diaphragm
Surfaces
Costal surface correspond to the chest
Mediastinal surface
In the middle is a hilum (a depression) in which the bronchi,
vessels & nerves that forms the root enter & leave the lung
Borders
Anterior border of left lung is thin & overlaps the heart, it shows
cardiac notch
Posterior border is thick rounded & lies beside the vertebral
column
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16. Lobes & Fissures
Right Lung
Is slightly larger than
the left & is divide by
the oblique &
horizontal fissure into 3
lobes the upper, middle
& lower lobes
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17. Left lung
Divided by
similar oblique
fissure into 2
upper & lower
lobes
Cardiac notch
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22. Blood supply
The bronchi, CT of the lung & visceral
pleura is supplied by bronchial arteries
branches of thoracic aorta
The bronchial vein drain into the
azygos & hemiazygos veins
Two pulmonary veins leave each lung
root to empty into the left atrium
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23. Nerve supply
Pulmonary plexus composed of
autonomic nerve fibers of sympathetic
& parasympathetic (Vagus) both
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24. Lymph Drainage
Two sets are present
Superficial
Drains the surface of the lungs
Deep
Drains bronchial tree, pulmonary
vessels & CT. Lymph drain into
bronchomediastinal trunk & finally to
thoracic duct, right lymphatic duct or
brachiocephalic veins
Lymph vessel
Are not present
in alveolar walls
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PULMONARY CIRCULATION
PLEURA LUNGS 2

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BRONCHIAL ARTERIES AND VEINS
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LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE OF THE LUNGS
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RIGHT SIDE OF MEDIASTINUM
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LEFT SIDE OF MEDIASTINUM
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25/06/144130 DR MOSTAFA KANDIL MD PHD
PLEURA LUNGS 2

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