Mycelium (for Gaza youth biz) of mushrooms new packaging not plastic
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This document discusses using mycelium, the root structure of mushrooms, as a natural material for packaging and other applications as an alternative to plastic. It provides an overview of Ecovative, a company that grows mycelium into materials like insulation and packaging. Eben Bayer, the founder, explains that Ecovative uses a process called biofabrication to grow mycelium into final products, unlike other companies that extract compounds. Ecovative is developing novel mycelium-based materials and manufacturing them at scale for commercial customers. Bayer is excited about the future potential of sustainable biomaterials to replace non-renewable ones.
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Mycelium (for Gaza youth biz) of mushrooms new packaging not plastic
- 1. www.Muhammad.com Mycelium of mushrooms new packaging (not plastic), using mycelium, the root structure of mushrooms, as a natural glue or resin …etc
- 2. http://www.mycomasters.com/Basics.html Some Mushroom Growing Basics for Beginners If you are completely new to mushroom growing, I recommend that you skim through a copy of Growing Gourmet and Medicinal Mushrooms by Paul Stamets. Many libraries have the 2nd Edition, or you can order the expanded 3rd Edition through my link to Amazon.com (click on the title). Paul's book will give you a good overview of growing mushrooms of all kinds. It has plenty of pictures, and there are descriptions of most of
- 3. the mushroom species that can be reliably cultivated. It is also a valuable reference volume, and I use it regularly. (Paul's earlier book with J.S. Chilton, The Mushroom Cultivator, is also a good overview, focusing more on Agaricus and other compost-grown species.) Don't be put off by all the talk about contamination and sterile procedure, though-- that's where the peroxide method comes in! As Paul's books explain, the process of growing mushrooms can be divided roughly into four steps: 1) Acquiring and maintaining a culture of mushroom tissue (called mycelium) of the mushroom strain you want. (A tissue culture is somewhat like a cutting of a plant. Starting with a tissue culture assures that you have a mushroom strain genetically identical to the one you want. Some growers start with spores, which are more like seeds. Spores may or may
- 4. not give you a mushroom strain with the fruiting properties of the parent. Since spores cannot be grown in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, I always work with a tissue culture of mycelium. Tissue cultures--also called agar cultures or test tube cultures--of various species of mushroom can be purchased from commercial suppliers or they can be started from fresh mushrooms). 2) Using a bit of the tissue culture to begin some spawn (a kind of mushroom starter), which is usually grown on a small quantity of sterilized grain or sawdust. 3) Using the spawn to introduce mushroom mycelium into an organic material (substrate) chosen to support the formation of mushrooms. 4) Getting the actual mushrooms to form and grow once the substrate has been completely colonized by mushroom mycelium.
- 5. Starting with a kit If you buy a mushroom kit, you are generally starting at step four. The commercial mushroom grower has already completed the earlier steps for you, and provided you with the mushroom culture ready to form mushrooms. You provide a proper environment, usually cool and moist. Getting mushrooms to form can be easy or hard, depending on the mushroom strain you are growing. Oyster-style mushrooms of the Pleurotus and Hypsizygus families are among the easiest to fruit. Lions Mane (Hericium erinaceus) is also quite easy. Maitake (Grifola frondosa) and Morels (Morachella species) are among the most difficult to get to form mushrooms. Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) falls somewhere in the middle. Button mushrooms are easy if you can keep the temperature steady around 65 degrees F.
- 6. Starting with purchased spawn It is also possible to start at step three, by purchasing the "starter" (spawn) from a supplier and using that to introduce the growing fungus into an organic material that you have prepared yourself. There are a variety of possible substrates: straw, compost, logs, wood chips, and sawdust are common ones, but people have also used things like newspaper, cardboard, sterilized grain, coffee grounds, etc. depending on the mushroom species they want to grow. Kinds of mushrooms and the substrates they prefer In general, there are two broad classes of cultivated mushrooms: those that prefer to grow on compost, and those that prefer to grow on woody material. The common button mushroom and other Agaricus species fall into the first class, growing readily on compost, but they will also grow on straw. Oyster
- 7. mushrooms, shiitake, reishi, maitake, and Lions Mane, all prefer woody materials such as sawdust, wood chips, or sometimes straw. Compost Each organic material requires a different procedure to render it free of competing organisms. Compost is the most time- consuming material to prepare, requiring a couple of weeks to mature. It needs to be allowed to heat to a temperature that neutralizes harmful species, without letting it get so hot that it kills beneficial microbes. The compost is not allowed to go completely through its natural cycle. Instead it is harvested somewhat early, when it is full of white actinomycetes bacteria that provide the nutrients that mushrooms love. The grower cools the compost, adds some gypsum (calcium sulfate) and mixes in the mushroom spawn. Woody materials Woody materials and straw can be prepared
- 8. much more quickly than compost. Traditionally, these materials required a heat treatment, such as pressure sterilization, steam pasteurization, or hot water steeping, to eliminate competing organisms. The peroxide method has now added ways to prepare some substrates without heating. It can also prevent later contamination by airborne molds and bacteria, so using a material that is compatible with hydrogen peroxide addition can save a lot of trouble. For wood-decomposing mushrooms, wood pellet fuel, which disintegrates into sawdust when treated with boiling water, works very well in this regard, and so does wheat straw. Getting Mushrooms to Form The compost-loving species require a different procedure from the wood-loving mushrooms when it comes time to get the mushrooms to form. The compost-lovers usually need to have a soil-like layer called "casing," applied to the
- 9. top of the culture, once the mushroom tissue has fully colonized the compost. The soil-like layer provides a reservoir of moisture, and it creates a low-nutrient zone (compared to the compost), signaling the mushroom tissue to start forming the fruiting bodies. The tiny mushroom buttons then begin to form in the casing layer. The grower keeps the casing moist by lightly watering it as the mushrooms enlarge. With wood-loving species, the procedure for getting mushrooms to form varies a bit from one species to another, but it usually involves a shift in environmental conditions such as a drop in temperature, an increase in air circulation, and/or an increase in light levels. The whole nine yards? Once you have tried growing mushrooms from a kit and from spawn you've purchased, you will have a better idea whether you want to get involved in keeping agar cultures and growing
- 10. your own spawn. These procedures require somewhat more commitment and attention to detail. Before the invention of the peroxide technique, it was generally only possible to keep agar cultures and grow spawn if you constructed a sterile work space, such as a glove box at the very least. With peroxide, it becomes possible to perform these steps in an ordinary kitchen, and grow the cultures just about anywhere that an appropriate temperature and light level can be provided. You still need to learn some basic "sterile technique"--simple procedures for handling cultures to keep them pure. But you won't need a sterile facility or a spotless house. Growing Gourmet and Medicinal Mushrooms, 3rd Edition by Paul Stamets, offered in association with Amazon.com
- 11. The Mushroom Cultivator: A Practical Guide to Growing Mushrooms at Home, by Paul Stamets and J.S. Chilton, also offered in association with Amazon.com. Slideshow of Mushrooms Growing with Peroxide Growing Mushrooms with Hydrogen Peroxide, Contents About the Peroxide Manual, Volume I Peroxide in Mushroom Growing FAQs Mushroom Growing FAQs You may freely copy and distribute the information on this webpage to friends or colleagues, as long as you include the following notice: This document is Copyright: ©1999 by Randall R. Wayne, Ph.D. All commercial rights are
- 12. reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or used for sale in any form or by any means without permission of the author. https://www.google.com/search?q=Myceli um&ie=utf-8&oe=utf- 8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en- US:unofficial&client=seamonkey- a#q=growing+mycelium 1. Intro: How to grow wild mushrooms mycelium from spores (experimental) Life on earth, as we know it, wouldn't exist without mushrooms. ... 2. Step 1: Collect a wild mushroom. Go for a walk, and collect a mushroom. ...
- 13. 3. Step 2: Prepare your cardboard. Using cardboard as a substrate for mycelium growth is easy. ... 4. Step 3: Day 1. More items... How to grow wild mushrooms mycelium from spores ... www.instructables.com/.../How-to- grow-wild-mushrooms-myc... Instructables Feedback How to grow wild mushrooms mycelium from spores ... www.instructables.com/.../How-to-grow- wild-mushrooms-m... Instructables
- 14. Intro: How to grow wild mushrooms mycelium from spores (experimental) Life on earth, as we know it, wouldn't exist without mushrooms. Step 1: Collect a wild mushroom. Go for a walk, and collect a mushroom. Step 2: Prepare your cardboard. Using cardboard as a substrate for mycelium growth is easy. Step 3: Day 1. Basic Cultivation - Mushplanet mushplanet.com/book/export/html/5 During its life course the mycelium has only one goal: The existing of the species. The mycelium does so by growing mushrooms. These mushrooms produce ... Starting Mycelium at home - YouTube ▶ 6:21 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lWXZfaEjQ bQ
- 15. Oct 11, 2010 - Uploaded by SocietyofEnoch Brief instructions on how to start mycelium for the mushrooms you want to grow at home inexpensively and ... Make a Mycelium Starter - DIY https://diy.org/skills/mycologist/challenges/99 5/make-a-mycelium-starter Mycelium look a lot like fuzzy spiderwebs. They are the vegetative part of a fungus. You can grow mycelium on an agar plate, cardboard, or coffee grounds. Erowid Mushroom Vaults : Cultivation Tips https://www.erowid.org/plants/.../mushrooms _cultivation16.shtml I found it rather difficult to grow actual mushrooms (carpaphores), but *ridiculously*
- 16. easy to grow the mycelium. This document explains my ULTRA simplified ... Images for growing myceliumReport images More images for growing mycelium Mushroom Growing Basics www.mycomasters.com/Basics.html 1) Acquiring and maintaining a culture of mushroom tissue (called mycelium) of the ... Since spores cannot be grown in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, ... Mycelium Running - Fungi.com www.fungi.com/product- detail/product/mycelium-running.html
- 17. Setting the stage for the mycorestoration revolution, Mycelium Running unveils new methods for growing mushrooms, generating mycelium, and implanting ... 100% Mycelium Kit Magic Mushrooms Growing Instructions ... www.trufflemagic.com/.../100-mycelium-kit- magic-mushrooms-growing... 100% Mycelium Kit Magic Mushrooms Growing Instructions – Trufflemagic. Congratulations on obtaining the best Magic Mushroom growkit on the planet! Making Mushroom Spawn with Cardboard www.mushroom-appreciation.com/mushroom- spawn-cardboard.html Now I think using cardboard is one of the best ways to grow mushrooms!Spawn is
- 18. simply any material that has been inoculated with mycelium, the vegetative ... 1.Mycelium Cultivation Adwww.alhea.com/Mycelium+Cultivation Mycelium Cultivation On Alhea.com Great Results For You on Alhea.com! Oyster Mushroom Mycelium Adoyster.stuccu.com/Deal Oyster Mushroom Mycelium 70% Off Free shipping, in stock. Buy now! Exclusive deals · Best offers · Lowest prices Growing Mycelium - Garden Fungi Mycelium Pack for Sale Adwww.stores.ebay.com/
- 19. 3. Grow Your Own Mushrooms Purchase Searches related to growing mycelium growing mycelium on cardboard growing mycelium in a liquid culture growing mycelium in honey growing mycelium on agar growing mycelium minecraft growing mycelium bricks mycelium growing on stems growing spores 12345678910Next Menteng, Indonesia - From your search history - Use precise location
- 20. - Learn more Help Send feedback Privacy Terms Doing good Creating opportunity True innovation Smart government America at work The 2015 Hackathon True innovation Can Mushrooms Replace Plastic Packaging? At Ecovative, They Already Are Courtesy of Ecovative | November 19, 2015 The world uses a lot of plastic and other materials in packaging. But plastics aren’t easy to produce and are often expensive to recycle and reuse. So startup Ecovative found a sustainable alternative material for packaging— mushrooms. Yes, the vegetable.
- 21. How is New York-based Ecovative pulling this off? We spoke with Eben Bayer, the company’s founder and chief executive officer, to find out what makes Ecovative special, and what his vision is for the company and the future of packaging materials. What distinguishes Ecovative from other materials design firms? Ecovative is unique in that we are specifically a biomaterials company. We use all natural materials in a process that we’ve adapted from nature. From a technical perspective, we’re doing something known as BioFabrication, where we use 100% of a grown organism as the final product. This is unlike yeast and other ethanol properties, where a compound is extracted from the growing organism. We’re also unique in that we aren’t just developing the material science, but we’re also manufacturing product at scale for companies across the globe. We’ve developed and
- 22. commercialized biomaterials that are cost and performance competitive to the materials we’re replacing. How do you decide which materials to work with? Our technology is focused on the idea of using mycelium, the root structure of mushrooms, as a natural glue or resin. We’ve created products that range from low-density and foam-like materials to high-density and compressed board materials. Depending on which strain of mycelium we combine with a particular agricultural byproduct or wood product, we can achieve different material properties. We have a group of extremely talented scientists that work hard each day to determine which recipes are best for our customers’ needs. Does it take longer for you than it does for traditional firms to design and create the materials you manufacture?
- 23. It really depends on the complexity of the project, specifically if it involves research and development. Because we can fine-tune the materials, we may need to account for a prototyping and validation time period. That being said, we’re able to keep up with the demand of our customers. The standard time for us to produce a product is around five to seven days. We have two production facilities that are constantly in various stages of growth and production. What’s most surprised you about your work? Has a certain material unexpectedly taken off? Our living organism, mycelium, is what continues to surprise me every day. This organism is naturally fire resistant, hydrophobic, and insulating; it binds particles together, overcomes competing organisms, and creates some really beautiful products in the end. We’re currently developing a material called Myco Flex that is made of pure mycelium. Creating a
- 24. material that is similar to memory foams but is actually grown from fungal tissue is something that you would likely expect to find in a science fiction novel, but it’s actually happening today in our labs. What most excites you about your work and what Ecovative is doing? We believe that biomaterials are the future. The way we are currently living is not sustainable, and it will eventually push us to turn to biology and nature for solutions. Ecovative is at a really exciting point in our history because we’re one of the frontrunners for this type of technology. We’re a biomaterials company that has taken an idea from the lab and then scaled and commercialized viable products from it. We’ve recently further expanded the reach of our materials by creating our Grow It Yourself program, which enables others to take this technology and commercialize their own products and projects with it.
- 25. Mycelium is the vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of a mass of branching, thread-like hyphae. The mass of hyphae is sometimes called shiro, especially within the fairy ring fungi. Fungal colonies composed of mycelium are found in and on soil and many other substrates. Mycelium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycelium Wikipedia More about Mycelium Feedback Mycelium https://mycelium.com/ Mycelium is a full ecosystem of next generation payment technologies. Mycelium revolutionizes the payment ecosystem of the future. Mycelium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycelium
- 26. Wikipedia Mycelium is the vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of a mass of branching, thread-like hyphae. The mass of hyphae is sometimes called shiro, especially within the fairy ring fungi. Fungal colonies composed of mycelium are found in and on soil and many other substrates. Mycelium Bitcoin Wallet - Android Apps on Google Play https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=c om.mycelium.wallet... Rating: 4.5 - 1,995 votes - Free With the Mycelium Bitcoin Wallet you can send and receive Bitcoins using your mobile phone. The unparalleled cold storage functionality allows you to 100% ... Images for MyceliumReport images More images for Mycelium Mycelium
- 27. mycelium.is/ Mycelium is a learning community: a living network of people committed to activating their fullest potential and creating solutions to the challenges and ... Mycelium – Minecraft Wiki minecraft.gamepedia.com/Mycelium 6 days ago - Mycelium is a block that has a particle effect that resembles tiny spores being released constantly from the surface. Mycelia BVBA www.mycelia.be/ Mycelia is an international mushroom spawn laboratory and spawn production training center, situated in Belgium. Mycelium - definition of mycelium by The Free Dictionary www.thefreedictionary.com/mycelium The vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of a mass of branching, threadlike hyphae. 2. A
- 28. similar mass of fibers formed by certain bacteria. Mycelium - Australian National Botanic Gardens https://www.anbg.gov.au/.../myceliu... Australian National Botanic Gardens Jan 22, 2013 - The mycelium. While we may admire a mushroom growing out from the soil or a bracket fungus growing out from a log, it is the out-of-sight (and ... Mycelium Running - Fungi.com www.fungi.com/product- detail/product/mycelium-running.html MyCelia Facebook
- 29. sitemap print contact Home Mycelium for professionals Strain list Mycelia School Information Contact > Online Shop Mycelium production and mycelium production technology Our core business is production and sales of mushroom spawn. We incubate on a number of special recipes, adapted to the species. We have mother cultures, mother spawn and spawn for sale for all strains of our strain list. If you wish to buy spawn of other
- 30. species, we have many more in stock that don't appear in this list. Mycelia provides know how and training with respect to mycelium production for spawn, substrate, mushroom growing and lab design. We also evaluate and consult in existing spawn facilities. See Mycelia School for more details. Our patented spawn bag "Microsac" guarantees a perfectly controlled production and a germ-free end product, which remains active for an extended period of time.
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- 36. Check out our innovative machinery! Mycelia develops machinery for spawn and substrate production. They are without exception simple solutions for difficult problems. We sell both building plans and machines. For more details, look here. Examples: bag filling machine, laminar air flow, substrate bag filling unit, bag tumbler Our partners
- 37. Upcoming ! 23 - 25 September 2016: the third group training on the production of substrates and mushrooms The Mycelia Team proudly presents: the ninth group training on the production of sterilized substrates and cultivation of lignicolous mushrooms. It will take place from the 14th to the 18th of March 2016 in our school premises in Nevele, Belgium. The participation fee is 1180 EUR, excl. board and lodging. Students receive a price reduction of 20%. The tariff includes a day's trip to two German substrate producers and one grower of lignicolous mushrooms. Standard knowledge of the English language is required. Click here for our detailed program.
- 38. Contact kasper@mycelia.be if you are interested to participate. Important: these courses are very quickly fully booked and first come, first serve! Read more How to cultivate morels? Have you ever tried growing Morel Mushrooms? Did you succeed?
- 39. Morchella conica It is indeed one of the great enigmas of our time: the spawn and substrate compost are easy to grow, but to our knowledge, nobody has yet been able to commercially and viably produce mushrooms. Sometimes it works, sometimes it doesn’t and it’s still one of science’s mysteries how one should grow it in a sustainable way. There are loads of theories and even a few patents on the matter, but the truth is it only works sometimes. And this is a fact: in order for it to be commercially interesting to grow, it should work always, not sometimes. This much is sure: they love ashes and they can be shocked into fruition, the mycelium grows fast and aggressive and fully colonises a medium in no time. But Morels are Ascomycotina, they are just as happy reproducing asexually as sexually. They don't even need to produce mushrooms for their survival.
- 40. As far as we're aware, humans haven't found the trick to make them fruit just yet. But he or she who does will be a rich person. If you're feeling lucky: we always have the spawn available at Mycelia. Read more Read all news Mycelia.be on Facebook mycelia bvba Veldeken 38A, 9850 Nevele, Belgium, tel: +32(0)9 228 70 90, info@mycelia.be Mycelia is a professional spawn and mycelium culture laboratory. It also offers school training on technology, the production of mushroom seed, exotic and specialty mushroom substrate and fruit bodies and it designs breathing bag technology and product machinery. The company is seated in Belgium, Europe, from where shipments leave worldwide. © Mycelia
- 41. privacy disclaimer webflow webdesign Aalter How to cultivate morels? Thu 15th October, 2015 Have you ever tried growing Morel Mushrooms? Did you succeed? Morchella conica It is indeed one of the great enigmas of our time: the spawn and substrate compost are easy to grow, but to our knowledge, nobody has yet
- 42. been able to commercially and viably produce mushrooms. Sometimes it works, sometimes it doesn’t and it’s still one of science’s mysteries how one should grow it in a sustainable way. There are loads of theories and even a few patents on the matter, but the truth is it only works sometimes. And this is a fact: in order for it to be commercially interesting to grow, it should work always, not sometimes. This much is sure: they love ashes and they can be shocked into fruition, the mycelium grows fast and aggressive and fully colonises a medium in no time. But Morels are Ascomycotina, they are just as happy reproducing asexually as sexually. They don't even need to produce mushrooms for their survival. As far as we're aware, humans haven't found the trick to make them fruit just yet. But he or she who does will be a rich person. If you're feeling lucky: we always have the spawn available at Mycelia.
- 43. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ’s) Below you will find the answers to a number of questions we receive a lot. 1. How many kilos of mushroom spawn can be produced from one test tube with mother culture? 2. How much spawn can be produced from one bag/bottle of mother spawn? 3. How can mycelium be multiplied in a safe way? 4. Which laboratory setup is required to produce mushroom spawn? 5. I want to produce my own spawn, substrate and mushrooms. Can you teach me that? 6. Can spawn be transported from Europe to other continents? 7. How long can spawn be stored? 8. My bag of spawn/plugs is a bit old. Will it still be okay to use?
- 44. 9. Can you guarantee a certain yield and mushroom quality for the strains you ship? 10. Why use sterilized and not pasteurized substrates for the production of wood- decaying mushrooms? 11. How much spawn shall I use? 12. What are the best bags to use for substrate and spawn production? 13. I only need a small quantity of spawn. Can I order this at your place? 14. Can I order different quantities of spawn plugs? How do I divide large bags of spawn plugs? How many plugs do I need? 15. Can I order a bag of any strain I like from the strain list? 16. We want to start a community urban farming project. We intend to grow Oyster Mushroom on a substrate of coffee grounds. How do I do that? 17. I'm planning to experiment growing on coffee grounds. What substrate mixture and which species would you advise?
- 45. 18. I want to grow mushrooms on oak logs. What is the best: spawn plugs or grain spawn? 19. I'm a microbiologist. I have sufficient theoretical knowledge to start a spawn lab but need practical training. Do you provide that too? 1. How many kilos of mushroom spawn can be produced from one test tube with mother culture? Depending on the set up of the spawn lab and the working hygiene: between 1000 and 50000 kg of inoculum. 2. How much spawn can be produced from one bag/bottle of mother spawn? You will need to use more or less 0.5% of mother spawn.
- 46. 3. How can mycelium be multipliedin a safe way? Multiplying mycelium safely is very complicated, strict production and hygiene rules are essential. Depending on the scale of the production and on the kind of multiplication, the facility will have to obey to a set of hygiene rules. Multiplying mycelium for mother cultures and mother spawn requires the most strict hygiene rules. Multiplying spawn still requires very strict rules, but less than for multiplying mother spawn and mother cultures. And finally, multiplying mycelium in the form of substrates requires less hygienic conditions than for multiplying spawn. There is no set definition as to these rules for all sizes of spawn laboratories, but in general, the larger the production and the more towards mother cultures, the more hygienic it will need to be. If you need to set up a new production unit or review your production methods, it may
- 47. be advisable to follow a training in our Mycelia School. It will prove its worth many times over. 4. Which laboratory setup is required to produce mushroom spawn? If you want to produce spawn, you will also need to deal with either mother cultures or mother spawn, which you can order from a company like Mycelia. The production of spawn must be carried out in the most hygienic conditions, with the appropriate installations and by appropriately trained personnel. Spawn production is not the same as growing substrates or mushrooms. If you wish to produce spawn on a regular basis and for professional purposes, you will need the essential expertise. Mycelia provides individual trainings in cleanroom technology and can also assist in the design and organisation of professional spawn laboratories. For more details, click here.
- 48. 5. I want to produce my own spawn, substrate and mushrooms. Can you teach me that? Yes, you will find all information on the "Mycelia School" page on our website. Let us place things in perspective first if you are planning to start up your production facility. The production of mycelium is much more complicated, risky and expensive than the production of substrates and mushrooms. It is not advisable to stimulate growers to make the mycelium themselves, unless it is very difficult to buy it fresh, for example, if you live in a remote area in Africa. A much safer way to invest your money with a good return is to specialize in only one of the production steps: only growing mushrooms or only producing substrates or only producing spawn. There are very few professional growers that work from test tube all the way to mushroom,
- 49. because it is extremely difficult. The more steps of multiplication in the same location or building, the more likely it is that infections will pop up and stop your whole production chain. Every step of multiplication increases the risk of infection and the higher up in your chain, the more dramatic the consequences. Everyone should realise this fact: each step is difficult, let alone combining all of them in one plant. It is strongly advised to follow a training before starting up production. It pays back its investment in a very short time and saves a lot of work and frustration. Another good source of information is reading books, but they should be the right type of books. Inform yourself well and be successful. 6. Can spawn be transported from Europe to other continents? Provided that there are sufficient precautionary measures, yes. Spawn is a living product and must be transported cool and quickly. The
- 50. transport costs are elevated and the danger of reduced quality - due to overheating and others - at arrival is not imaginary. You will find more instructions here. 7. How long can spawn be stored? Spawn is a living product that needs to be handled with care. Details for storage : click here. 8. My bag of spawn/plugs is a bit old. Will it still be okay to use? Again, spawn is a living product and should be stored cold for not too long. But older spawn may still be fine and there are ways to test this quality. The first question is: is the spawn packed in a breathing bag, i.e. does the bag have a reliable filtering system? If the bags are not breathing bags, the spawn is more than likely suffocated. If they breathe too much (cheap bags) they will have dried out.
- 51. Second question: does the spawn look and smell good? If the bag is full of brown, stinking liquid, the material is decaying and should be discarded. If it is clear, non-odorous, yellow liquid, it is a sign of age, but it may still be active enough. How do you test your spawn/plugs? Take a sample from each bag you wish to use. Take a clean (!) plastic container, put a pile of wet paper (toilet paper, kitchen paper) and put the spawn/plugs on top of the paper in a warm but shady place. The mycelium should be visibly growing into the paper in a matter of days. If it hasn't done anything in - say - five days, discard your spawn/plugs. It may still be active, but old spawn is slow and it's better to be safe than sorry. There is an even better way to test your spawn/plugs: use sterile petridishes with a rich medium, for example malt extract agar with dextrose, open the lid as little and as fast as possible in a clean place or under an LAF and
- 52. put a few kernels onto the dish. Close the lid and roll the kernels around a bit to spread the mycelium. Put it at 25°C. If white mycelium filaments are visible at the edges of the grains/plugs in a matter of 3-5 days, your mycelium is still active and is fine. If it starts growing after 1-2 weeks, it is getting old. If it doesn't do anything after 2 weeks, discard the spawn/plugs. 9. Can you guarantee a certain yield and mushroom quality for the strains you ship? Our technical data sheets (see strain list) are a compilation of data provided by customers from different regions. It is a general rule in mushroom cultivation that the results entirely depend on the way you treat the mycelium: type and treatment of substrate type of bag (gas exchange is extremely important for Shiitake!) quality of spawn at the time of inoculation inoculation rate
- 53. situation (temperature in the first place) in the incubation/ maturation rooms climate control during fructification and a number of other factors also influence the yield and aspect of the mushrooms As a result, it is impossible to "guarantee" yields or the efficiency of any form of substrate transformation. 10. Why use sterilized substrates for the successful production of wood- decaying mushrooms? One can distinguish two groups of cultivable mushrooms: 1) Compost mushrooms, such as Agaricus bisporus, are cultivated on Agaricus compost, a selective substrate on which almost no other microorganisms can grow. If one uses impure spawn, yields may decrease, but one will still be able to pick mushrooms.
- 54. 2) Lignicolous mushrooms, to which group belong most exotic mushroom species, are cultivated on wood-based substrates. For a number of species, the substrate has to be sterilized and subsequently inoculated under cleanroom-circumstances. For this kind of production method, the substrates should be 100% axenic, else everything fails. Other kinds of lignivorous mushrooms can be inoculated after pasteurization, but this requires larger amounts of spawn. 11. How much spawn shall I use? 1) Compost mushrooms : 0,35 % (Fresh Weight / Fresh Weight). 2) Lignicolous mushrooms : sterile production : 0,5 to 1 % non-sterile production : 2 – 7 %, depending on the strain: see strain list.
- 55. 3) Logs: Depending on the log diameter and personal inoculation style. Estimate: 5 liters of spawn/ton of wood. 12. What are the best bags to use for substrate and spawn production? There are a number of qualities a good spawn bag needs to have. breathability: the bag needs to breathe without letting contaminants in durability: the bag needs to be sufficiently strong to survive manhandling heat-resistance: the bag needs to be sterilizable or pasteurizable, which puts limits to the construction material size: there needs to be enough space inside, without it being too large price: as most spawn bags are meant for single-use, the price should be as low as possible
- 56. ecology: the bag should produce as little waste as possible NOTE: There are many types of receptacles on the market, from bottles over containers and vessels to bags. There is no set rule as to which receptacle is best to use, although most professional spawn growers use bags. Our sister company, SacO2, produces very high- quality spawn and substrate bags with a full fiter system, which are specifically designed for usage in the mushroom sector. These are the most uniformly breathable bags on the market, which gives them a serious advantage in terms of quality. 13. I only need a small quantity of spawn. Can I order this at your place? Certainly, we also sell for hobby and educational purposes. Considering man hours and transport costs, it is more expensive than
- 57. larger quantities, but it will most likely still be the best deal you will find anywhere. 14. Can I order different quantities of spawn plugs? How do I divide large bags of spawn plugs? How many plugs do I need? We produce two standard volume-weights of plugs: 50 pieces and 1000 pieces per bag. We can make other quantities, but only if we can make at least 100 pieces. We do not produce other amounts on a regular basis, as most clients of us are either hobby growers - for whom 50 pieces is enough – or professional growers. Professional growers: inoculate substrates with bags of 1000 pieces divide bags of 1000 pieces into smaller unities Dividing bags into smaller unities is best done under sterile air conditions, i.e. a laminar air
- 58. flow LAF. In that case, one can divide without contaminating the spawn plugs. Another perfect solution is splitting the 1000 plugs within the bag while the bag is still closed into for example 2 piles of 500 pieces. Next step is to seal between the two piles twice. Then cut the bag between the two seals and you have two bags of 500 pieces each. Watch out: each new bag should have at least one filter strip. If you do not have a sealer, you could also do it as follows: split the 1000 plugs within the bag while the bag is still closed into for example 2 piles of 500 pieces. Cut the bag between the two piles. Tape off the cutted edge of both bags. Watch out: each new bag should have at least one filter strip. There is a little more risk this way, but plugs don’t infect easily so it’s more or less fine. Just try to do it in an area which is as clean as possible, which has no moulds, compost bins or rotting fruit nearby and keep the bag open for as short as possible.
- 59. Finally: keep the plugs at 2-4°C until you need them and you will be able to keep them for a long time – up to 10 months and even more for some species like the Shiitake Mushroom. How many plugs do I need? That would depend on the parameters of your logs. You will need to estimate the circumference of your logs, considering that you want to have the holes about 15 cm apart. Slender logs need less plugs than thicker logs. There is only one way: measure, calculate and estimate. Every large bag of plugs contains 1000 pieces. 15. Can I order a bag of any strain I like from the strain list? We don’t produce ‘one-off’ bags, as we have to finish a mother spawn bottle or mother spawn bag once it has been opened for spawning. This means that we only produce spawn in quantities of 20 liters or more, depending on which bags are being ordered (5-liter bags, 1-liter bags or
- 60. 10-liter bags have different minimum production quota). There is one exception to this rule: we commonly produce many kinds of spawn, which means we often have bags left over from previous orders. You will need to contact us to know which types of spawn we have available. From april 2015 onwards, the minimum order limit at our plant is 20 litres of any type of grain spawn or 4000 plugs/sticks. 20 litres is one full box in summer (in winter, one full box can contain up to 25 litres). We allow smaller orders for our existing customers. Contact us if you have any questions about these sales. Due to internal reorganisation, Mycelia has decided to redirect its hobby sales. The combination between large scale production and small scale orders has always been a delicate balance and we are now looking at supplying hobby growers through a network of local spawn distributors instead of directly through
- 61. us. Click this link for an overview of our partners. Our Belgian customers are redirected to: Ecosnooze Berendries 13 a 9660 BRAKEL Belgium 0496 30 42 35 jos.buysse@telenet.be www.creatiesjosbuysse.be Mycobois Vaart Linkeroever 90 9800 Meigem (Deinze) Belgium 09/385 71 49 http://mycobois.be/
- 62. 16. We want to start a community urban farming project. We intend to grow Oyster Mushroom on a substrate of coffee grounds. How do I do that? Urban mushroom farming is very interesting indeed. The idea is basically that coffee grounds are already thermally treated (pasteurized) and can thus be inoculated and incubated without any extra treatment. It can be done by anyone at any time and it can be done almost eternally in any urban residence. This method only works for fast growing species, of which Pleurotus ostreatus is your best bet: it's tasty, beautiful and the spawn is relatively cheap and easy to get. It's a great idea, but there is a big BUT which you will not find on the internet. The internet is a great thing, but it only shows the shiny side of the coin. The reality, however, is never that shiny. What's the BUT?
- 63. The coffee grounds come out of the machine thermally treated. So far, so good. Above 65°C, all fungi and fungal spores die, only thermophylic bacteria survive. If the coffee grounds would be cooled down, inoculated immediately with good spawn in a clean place by clean people and subsequently incubated in a protected environment (usually a plastic bag), all will be well. The bag will grow white and yield magnificent mushrooms. Trouble is, it is usually not done this way. It is used in bars by bartenders, collected and transported to a 'clean' place by someone, where it is mixed by the same person in the same clothes and then inoculated in the same room by the same person and then incubated, again by the same person. Almost anyone trying this method is succesful at the start, but after a few tries problems pop up. One or two bags are green... a green mould instead of the white Oyster Mushroom colour. The week after, 5% of the bags are green, the week after 15% and
- 64. the next week, almost 100% of the bags are infected. In fact, over a couple of years of seeing people trying this system, most have been succesful initially, but not even a single one has been succesful for an extended period of time, including the advertising enthousiasts on the internet. Why? The reason is simple. The coffee grounds are used by the bars, pubs and restaurants and they are left to cool down in an open container and are picked up in the evening or even a day after. By that time, they are already reinfected by fungal spores. There are millions of fungal spores floating around in any bar or pub and they fall down and germinate wherever they can. The whole purpose of the thermal treatment is in fact lost. Because what happens? This batch is taken to the mixer or drainer, is inoculated, closed and moved to the incubation room. One bag may turn green. This green colour indicates that the green mould has overcome the Oyster Mushroom mould and that
- 65. it is sporulating; it is literally producing millions and millions of spores. That means that the air of the room where this bag is situated will now contain millions and millions of spores, all floating around. If you open and close the doors of this room regularly, all adjacent rooms will soon be teeming with spores as well. They will attach themselves to all bags, racks, windows and lamps, to the people working there, to anything. When making your next batch, rest assured that some of these spores will find their way to your new load of coffee grounds and infect them. 5% of the bags turn green. Next batch, the spore load has increased manyfold and 15% of the bags are lost. In the next batch, the spore load has become astronomical and nearly 100% of the bags are lost. This is a simplification of the reality, but it is basically what happens. The green moulds are fungi too and their mycelium is more aggressive - i.e. it grows faster - than the Oyster Mushroom mycelium. If
- 66. they are allowed to start growing simultaneously with the Oyster Mushroom, they will win. They should NOT be present. When the bag is fully grown, they will not stand a chance against the Oyster Mushroom, but at first, they are stronger. So be aware of this: the internet story is beautiful, but in the long run, it is almost never successful. There are companies that produce Oyster Mushroom grow kits on coffee grounds on a continuous basis, but they obey a few basic rules: 1. Your substrate - coffee grounds - are partially infected when they reach your place. Know this as a fact. If you don't thermally treat it before inoculation, you will always lose a number of bags to competing moulds (green, orange, black, white, yellow, etc). Sometimes the Oyster Mushroom mould will win, but don't count on it too much. These moulds will present a danger to your production chain. Spores are typically 5-15 µm in diameter, so individual spores are not visible to the eye.
- 67. 2. Your people, the ones that do the job, are the most dangerous elements in any mushroom production facility. People carry around millions and millions of spores around with them at ANY time. Washed clothes and washed hair is better than dirty clothes and hair, but it is NEVER clean. Workers handling fragile parts of production such as inoculation and incubation should carry adapted clothing, which should be constantly treated (single use or heat treated) and they should never roam from place to place, especially never from mushroom growing rooms to incubation or inoculation rooms or back. People working in inoculation should be as contaminant-free as possible. Covered body, hair, nose and mouth and hands are essential. 3. When you inoculate and the environment is not sterile, you will infect the bag. Know this as a fact. You will always lose a number of bags to moulds. There are ways to avoid this, of which inoculating in front of a laminar air flow (LAF) is the best. It can be home built and is not
- 68. necessarily very expensive. The second good solution for keeping your air clean is to have an overpressure system which constantly blows overpressurized sterile air in (some of) their rooms. These are the two best proactive solutions. 4. The most important defense against mould trouble is HYGIENE. Cleaning with desinfectants is an absolute must if you want to produce mushrooms on a continuous basis. Desinfectants never kill all spores and bacteria, but they do a good job. Getting rid of all dirt (especially nutrient-containing dirt like rotting mushrooms or grains or so) is of utmost importance. So: cleaning, cleaning, cleaning. Every day for the inoculation room and associated tools and machinery. 5. This list would not be complete if the layout of your mushroom/substrate farm weren't included. The position of the doors, the usage of drains and taps, the building materials, the place of the sluices, etc. All these are essential if your
- 69. production is to be continued. When material is moved from one place to the next, this is done by people. The so-called product flow and people flow will determine which air masses will get moved/mixed and which won't. It will also determine which people should work where at what time. All workers should know and obey these rules. If you're only aiming at a temporary production of - say - two or three weeks (= pop-up mushroom farm), then you will never build up a spore load. In fact, in that case, you might as well inoculate in a kitchen sink, as clean as you can but without any investment. All above rules are to be seen in case you wish to have a continued production for a certain period of time. If you're planning to make a limited number of bags over a limited number of time, we would suggest to keep it simple: - accept some losses (it should never be more than 5%)
- 70. - don't inoculate in the same rooms as you mix and drain your substrate - keep the inoculation / incubation room as clean as possible, cleaning every day you inoculate - use bleach as a desinfectant, 5% of a 14-15% solution will do - clean surfaces, floors, racks etc. - clean your mixer/drainer regularly - work in a clean place. Don't make spawn in the basement of a pig farm for example. - keep your spawn in a clean refrigerator 2-4°C for no longer than 2 weeks - 1 month to keep it fresh and aggressive - don't use coffee grounds that are old, make sure the bartenders keep them as clean as possible. Give them plastic bags that they should immediately seal when they switch off the coffee machine etc. Any measure reducing the exposure time is great. Thermally treat
- 71. (pasteurize) your grounds before inoculation if you can, this will spectacularly improve your quality and reduce the risks manyfold. You could dunk the substrate in boiling water and then drain it for example. - give hair, hand and mouth/nose protection to your workers and tyvek overalls if you can afford them during inoculation. Use the only once or wash and thermally treat them after use. - seal the bags just after inoculation - shake the bags just after sealing, it will increase growing speed and reduce the time the bag needs to grow white. Less time = less risk. You can seal by taping the bag. - don't think a pilot project should necessarily give the same results as a continued project... mushroom growing doesn't work like that
- 72. 17. I'll start growing mushrooms on coffee grounds. What substrate mixture and which species would you advise? There are still a lot of unknowns in the field of growing on coffee grounds. If you are looking for the ideal recipe: we do not use coffee grounds in our recipes ourselves, so we don't have this information available at the moment. Regarding the species: keep in mind that most cultivable (specialty) mushroom species are lignicolous mushrooms, meaning they are wood-loving. The mixture will need to contain wood or wood products like non-contaminated sawdust of deciduous trees to allow the mushroom to grow properly. Most people that experiment with coffee grounds work on pasteurized substrate. Most lignicolous mushrooms are grown on sterilized substrate, but there are a few exceptions:
- 73. all Pleurotus species are extremely aggressive, so they usually do quite well on pasteurized substrate. Stropharia sp. can certainly be grown on pasteurized substrate, see our instructions for use for more information. Agrocybe aegerita and Hypsizygus tessulatus are also grown on pasteurized substrate, but it is much harder than Pleurotus sp. There are even substrate producers that inoculate Shiitake on pasteurized substrate but don’t try this at home, it is not easy. If you are not an experienced grower yet, start off with Pleurotus sp. and Stropharia sp. or if you are really keen, with Agrocybe aegerita. They are fast growing species, although Pleurotus is definitely the quickest. Species like Stropharia and Agrocybe grow slower than Pleurotus, which means you will have to work cleaner and better. You will also have to spawn more than you would Pleurotus.
- 74. 18. I want to grow mushrooms on oak logs. What works the best: spawn plugs or grain spawn? Both are effective and efficient. Until a number of years ago, nobody used spawn plugs. All growers made cuts in their logs and put spawn in it. The cuts were taped off and the log was wrapped in plastic. The tape is to keep the mice out. The tape simply falls off after a year. It is essential to keep the logs wet, for example by wrapping them in plastic. The method is still widely used and works perfectly, it is easy to do and is very efficient, but spawn only keeps for a number of weeks in a fridge. Since a number of years, many people use spawn plugs. they are easy to handle, it is just as easy to do and efficient and spawn plugs keep much longer in the fridge (up to over a year if you're lucky). The holes are drilled, the plugs inserted, the logs wrapped in plastic. Some people seal the holes with wax afterwards but to
- 75. our practical experience, that's not too important if the holes have the correct diameter for the plug (it should be a nice, tight fit). It is on the other hand very important to keep the logs wet, for example by wraping them in plastic. Essentially, the system hasn't changed. There is no better or best, the choice is entirely yours. 19. I'm a microbiologist. I have sufficient theoretical knowledge to start a spawn lab but need practical training.Do you provide that too? Sure, we offer practical training, but it is always mixed with theory. With theoretical knowledge, we also mean things like machinery, sterilisation procedures and sterilisation curves, spawn quality control and measurement, etc. Our section ‘microbiology’ is extremely short: about 1,5 hours on the totality of 3 days of training.
- 76. When you have the theoretical background about microbiology, you should know exactly what the difference is between a fungus, an algae and an amoeba, how they reproduce, on what type of agar they grow, how to conserve them, how to inoculate agar plates, etc, which is extremely helpful. All our staff involved in the essentials of spawn production has had a degree of schooling in microbiology. But, even with this background, you must understand that starting a spawn production unit is a completely different thing. At university, they don't teach you how to make the difference between a good raw material and a bad raw material or how to source them, how to practically sterilise larger quantities and monitor and computerize the process, all the while keeping it as cheap as possible, how to inoculate larger quantities quickly, etc. It takes about two years to fully understand the production process.
- 77. Please do not take the transition from academical microbiology/mycology to practical spawn production lightly. It is not the same. The more you wish to produce, the more important the difference will become. If you intend to produce 20 litres of spawn weekly, don’t bother following a course. But if you’re intending to do more than that, you’ll find it to be very helpful. We do not wish to exaggerate, but we reckon a spawn production training is worth its value. At Mycelia, we have a company policy to be open to our trainees. We physically train them in our own production facility in Nevele, both in the spawn and mother spawn department. We allow pictures and videos to be taken home. We have as an objective to train the attendants to run their lab successfully and this is what we do. Back to top
- 79. www.Allah.com www.Muhammad.com What is Islam The Arabic word 'Allah' is a proper noun of the Creator The Arabic word 'Islam' means in English 'Submission' to Allah No copyright
- 154. Paradise. THEBENEFITOFEMBRACINGISLAM Among the many benefits of embracing Islam are that once you bear witness that: "There is no god except Allah, and Muhammad is His Prophet," all your past sins are forgiven and are transformed into merits with an enormous reward awaiting you in Paradise! In addition, you receive the reward of believing the religion of the Prophet Jesus, if you are a Christian, or Prophet Moses, if you are a
- 155. Jew, and the religion of Prophet Muhammad, which means that you receive two huge rewards, and you know that Allah loves you because He guided you to Him. The only way is up: Vertical farming in Kyoto By Euan McKirdy, CNN
- 156. Updated 0600 GMT (1400 HKT) December 10, 2015 http://edition.cnn.com/2015/12/09/foo danddrink/kyoto-vertical-farm- spread/index.html Is vertical farming the future of the industry? 02:01 Story highlights High-tech farm produces over 20,000 heads of lettuce a day Indoor farming reduces inconsistencies of regular crop production, giving rise to considerable efficiencies
- 157. A desire for "safe" produce has increased demand post-Fukushima Kameoka, Japan (CNN)The fields around the Spread factory in Kameoka, a satellite town west of the Japanese city of Kyoto, are scrubby and barren -- the farmers there have long since harvested the rice ahead of winter. While it doesn't generally get too cold in this part of Japan, the temperature drops enough to halt crop farming for four to five months. Inside the doors of the eerily high-tech facility it's business as usual, as masked workers glide around quietly but purposefully. They'll see 21,000 heads of lettuce shipped out across the length and breadth of Japan today, all delivered to
- 158. supermarkets and restaurants within 24 hours of leaving the doors of this vertical farm. They'll see a further 21,000 the following day, and the day after that too -- 7.7 million a year in fact. Spread harvests 21,000 heads of lettuce a day.
- 159. Marrying agriculture and industry Spread is Japan's largest vertical farm, a unique blend of agriculture and industry, and its Kameoka factory grows and ships out produce -- for now four varieties of lettuce but potentially any kind of leafy vegetable -- year-round. The company is set to more than double its output with the opening of another western Japanese site early in 2016. "Around the world we're facing increases in population and more and more environmental issues for farming," Shinji Inada, president of Spread, told CNN. "As a company we feel we need some new agricultural systems in order to survive and ensure the future for the next generation."
- 160. Sprout was formed as far back as 1992, but has since grown into one of the most advanced and efficient vertical farms in the country, if not globally. Inada claimed it's the largest producer in the world and indeed, the first to mass- produce vertical farming. Insider guide: Best of Kyoto
- 161. Growing time, from seed to harvest, is a lean 40 days. Sustainable, safe food source? The company's mission is to "continually work towards the realization of a sustainable society while protecting the environment through the use of food technology for the comfort and safety of our children and of future generations." It hasn't been an easy ride. Initially, said Inada, people were suspicious of the product, given that its far removed from traditional farming. "In the beginning people reacted to our product as something unnatural -- machine-like -- but by continuing to sell in the supermarkets people started to
- 162. realize slowly that the taste was good and there were health benefits, so we slowly gained customers. "The turning point was the incident in 2011 at the Fukushima nuclear facility. After what happened there, people became more aware of the importance of safe food and it kind of turned the tables for us." Vertically-farmed vegetables have significant health advantages, not least because they require no pesticides. The factory itself is spotless, with workers in the growing rows and in the packing facility fastidiously covered up. It is more reminiscent of a microchip factory than a farm, but the payoff is that each head of lettuce is so clean that consumers could eat it straight out of the bag.
- 163. Cleanliness is paramount in the facility, which uses no pesticides on the crops. Workers wear full-body suits and masks to maintain the environment. Improved growing efficiency The growing cycle is a lot faster than out in the elements too, with lettuce ready
- 164. from seedling to picking in 40 days, as opposed to an average of two months in a regular outdoor farm. Prey to the vagaries of the weather, traditionally- grown lettuce is also highly sensitive to price fluctuations; not a problem when you know what the climate is going to be day in, day out. The new facility, which opens its doors in a custom-designed building in the science park area of Keihanna in 2016, is going to be much more highly automated than Kameoka. They'll be able to recycle 98% of the water at the new site, and with increased automation will be able to cut down 50% of their current factory's labor costs, said Inada. Despite working towards a fully- automated facility, Inada doesn't feel that
- 165. we'll be getting served all our vegetables by robots in future. "I don't think vertical farming will take over the whole farming industry," he said. "I still think seasonal and local vegetables are very important and unique and is something to embrace. "Our business and existing farms have to cohabit together. If you think about the global food situation there is a need for this kind of farming." Read next: Urban farming looking up in Singapore