easy to way swallow wireless telemetry,ppt

1. Seminar on Advanced Topics(SE801)
Easy-to-Swallow Wireless
Telemetry
Sriraksha B S
4MC10EC082
Dept. of ECE
MCE, Hassan
Seminar/Project Co-ordinators
1. Dr.B.R.Sujatha
2. Mr.D.S.Keerthi

2. Contents
 Introduction
 Wireless Telemetry Methods Used in
Electronic Pills
 Hardware Design for Electronic Pills
 Batteryless Electronic Pills
 High-Speed Wideband Technology for
Electronic Pills
 Future Developments
 Conclusion
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3. Introduction
 Development of biomedical technologies is an
urgent necessity to improve diagnostic services.
 Electronic pill technology is a more recent
development.
 A small miniaturized electronic pill can reach all
areas such as small intestine.
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Fig: A wireless endoscope monitoring system

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Fig: (a) An electronic pill inside the human body and (b) an antenna
in the dissipative medium.

6. Movement Of Capsule
Through The Digestive
System
DATA
RECORDER
COMPUTER
Data Acquisition & Storage Of Data
On Computer
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7.  Earlier design was based on narrow-band
transmission.
 Frequency used was ultra-high-frequency
around 400MHz.
 Current technology uses the Zarlink’s
frequency in MICS band (402-405 MHZ).
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8.  Recent technology have enabled
the design of small-size cameras
and batteries.
 It is important to select the right
transmission frequency band for
wireless pill.
 Unlicensed ISM and MICS bands
are often used for wireless pills.
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Wireless Telemetry Methods Used In
Electronic Pill
Fig: An MICS antenna designed for
biological tissues

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Fig: Available unlicensed
wireless frequencies
UWB can also be used for
electronic pills.
 UWB and MICS bands will
provide the most suitable
telemetry design.
Fig: Capsule shape UWB antennas

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Fig: Comparison of implanted/ingested antennas

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Fourier series expansion of UWB signal is given by,
Specific Absorption Rates (SAR

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Fig: A UWB antenna coupling through meat Fig: Measurement results for a capsule-
shaped UWB antenna.

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Fig: Physical shapes for electronic pills with possible locations of antenna.

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15. Hardware designs for Electronic Pills
 E-pill uses a transmitter circuit based on RF Colpitts oscillator
 The operation frequency of these transmitters is established by the
frequency selection filter consisting of L1, C1, and C2 as
 Inductors and capacitors will have tolerance variations that will result
in potential offsets
 One way to overcome this issue is to use a crystal to maintain the
oscillator frequency
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Fig: E-pill transmitters based on RF Colpitts oscillator : (a) a common collector Colpitts
oscillator. (b) a common base Colpitts oscillator with crystal

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Lack of multiuser
capability
 A pseudo noise (PN)
code for identification so
that the receiving device
can identify the
individual electronic pill.
 Requires a receiver and
a microcontroller to
provide bidirectional
communication
Fig: Advanced hardware design for an electronic pill

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An electronic pill is similar to a wireless sensor nodes.
 Commonly used wireless sensor platforms are Mica2DOT
and T-node.
Fig: 3 Commercial sensor node examples :(a) a Mica2DOT board and (b) a T-node
sensor node

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Fig: Various hardware sensor nodes configurations

20. Battery less electronic pills
 Life time provided by the battery may not satisfy.
 Current electronic pills have limited operational
time.
 Average Current Consumption
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 One way to enhance this operational lifetime is to
charge the battery wirelessly.
 Batteryless pills operate based on passive
telemetry
 Desired Battery Life

22. High Speed wideband Technology for
electronic pills
 Detailed images with higher-resolution cameras may be
required.
 A wideband radio link is desired for the high capacity data
transfer and, therefore, improved image resolution.
 A transmitter with 1.2GHz carrier and 20MHz BW
 New unlicensed UWB band 3.1-10.6 GHz
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23. ADVANTAGES
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 High sensitivity, Good reliability & Life time.
 Physical size is extremely small.
 Simplicity of the transmitter design.
 Less transmission length and hence has zero noise
interference.
 Power consumption is very less.

24. DISADVANTAGES
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 Pills are expensive and are not available in many
countries.
 Still its size is not digestible to small babies.
 Complex hardware design for Multi access
capability.
 EM interference limits the use of wireless.

25. Future developments
 Multi-access communication technique
 Wireless power
 The need of a high frequency link
 Small size antennas
 The external unit
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Fig: Basic building blocks of a potential electronic pill medical system for the future.

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Conclusion
 The systems proposed and commercialized for electronic pills
are reviewed
 Current designs show the technology is still in its infancy, mainly
due to the small size requirement
 A high-capacity radio system is currently necessary for electronic
pill technology
 A wideband electronic pill can transmit raw video data without
any compression,

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[4] R. S. Mackay and B. Jacobson, “Endoradiosonde,” Nature, vol. 179,pp. 1239–1240,
June 1957.
[5] J. T. Farrar, V. K. Zworykin, and J. Baum, “Pressure sensitive telemetering capsule
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1957.
[6] G. Meron, “The development of the swallowable video
capsule(M2A),”Gastrointest. Endosc., vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 817–8199, 2000.
References