3. What Next ?
So, What’s the next generation of Embedded
System that society needs ?
The field of wearables
“Body Area Network” looks promising.
4. History
Before the intro of BAN, the only device
similar to this kind of technology was called
“ Life Alert Emergency Response System”.
LAERS seems to do basically same things so
what’s so great about it ?
6. History
This means that more the older people,
there is greater the need for ways to
monitor their medical status and keep them
safer without forcing them to live at or
near hospital
7. What is BAN ?
It is a wireless network of wearable computing devices connected
to a cloud network in or around the human body to serve a
variety of applications.
8. BAN
A body area network (BAN) is the interconnection of multiple computing devices worn
on, affixed to or implanted in a person’s body.
Also referred as WBAN,WSN
Connecteverything youcarryonyou and withyou
Offer “Connected User”experience
The latest international standard for BANs is the IEEE 802.15.6 standard.
11. BAN Sensors
ECG (ElectroCardiogram) – Sensor for monitoring heart activity
EMG (Electromyography) - sensor to monitor muscle activity
EEG (Electroencephalography) – sensor to monitor brain electrical activity
Also there are other sensors like :
Blood pressure, tilt, movement, breathing sensors.
For ECG, electrodes are placed on the chest & recordings are from heart
electrical signals.
For EEG, Signal strength from brain is very low so they are amplified from EEG
then converted to A/D then monitored through spectrogram.
12. Wired vs Wireless
Wired Networks
Wired networks are reliable &
connection stable
Installation problem with users
Best if networked in garment
sensors.(suit)
High cost & maintainance
Cumbersome (larger or heavy)
• (especially if not part of suit)
Wireless BAN
o More physical mobility for users(running).
Easy Application & expansion
Smartphone acts as sink
Problems :
Interference with other BANs
Shadowing (amount of energy lost in body)
13. IEEE 802.15.6 Standard
The purpose of proposed standard is to provide an international standard
for short range (i.e proximity to human body range), low power and
highly reliable wireless communication for use in close proximity to or
inside the human body.
Current standard don’t meet the medical (proximity to human tissue)
and relevant communication regulation for some application environment.
They also don’t provide support for QoS (Combination of reliability), non-
interference, low power & data rate to broadly address the breath of
BAN.
14. IEEE 802.15.6 Requirement
10 Kbps – 10 Mbps
Ultra low power
125 ms latency (medical) & 250 ms (non-medical)
SAR (Specific Absorption rate) compliant (below 10dB)
MICS (Medical Implant Communication service) – specific frequency to communicate
ISM (Industrial Scientific Medical Radio Bands) – specific bands for communication
15. Types of Nodes
Wireless Sensor Node : To gather data on physical stumulii
Consist of sensor H/W, Power Unit, a processor, memory and transceiver.
o Wireless Actuator Node : Acts according to data from sensor.
o Wireless Personal Device : Gathers information from sensors/Actuators.
o Informs user (i.e, patient ,nurse) via external gateway, actuators or
display/LEDs.
16. Energy
Sensing, communication, Processing
Wireless communication most power hungry
Batteries : largest part of sensors, Weight (Bulky)
Implanted requires 5yrs+ lifetime
Cost & convenience penalty
Energy Consumption Making Energy
Energy Scavenging delivers small amount of energy.
Human gait (person manner of walking)
Temperature difference. (body -> Environment)
Vibration of body (run, walk, dance)
Bottom Line
Right now we are unable to create amount of energy needed to run system.
17. Effect of Energy on Body
During communication Body produce heat (Not good for BODY)
Absorption by surrounding tissue
Dangers of laptop on lap
Energy consumption need to be minimized
To save battery
To prevent body damage
18. Security
WBAN security requirements
Data confidentiality
Transmitted data is strictly private
Can only be accessed by authorized personal
Encryption before sending it using a secret key
Data Integrity
Ensure received information not tempered
Inspect by reffering MACs.
Data Freshness
Gurantess data is recent not replayed
Old data can cause disruption
20. Applications of BAN
Health Care
Entertainment and Sports
Body Sensor Networks
Fitness Monitoring
Etc.
21. Health Care
Current healthcare application of wireless sensor networks target heart problems cancer,
asthma, glucose level monitoring, stress monitoring etc.
Smart biosensors will open up new opportunities for continuous monitoring of patients.
24. Challenges
1. Hardware-centric Challenges
• Interoperability
• System and Device-level Security
• Data Consistency
• Interference
2. Human-centric Challenges
• Cost
• Constant Monitoring
• Consistent Performance
25. Advantages and Disadvantage of BAN
• Time and Energy Saving.
• Patients no need to connect to machine for monitoring.
• Continuous patient monitoring
• Ease in recovering lost military personel
• Sport coaches monitor their athelete performance
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
Wired network-restriction between the body Movement
Interference of the multi devices that share the channel
Lack of integration-sensors
Non existent support for massive data
26. Conclusion
A WBAN is expected to be a very useful technology with potential to offer
a wide range of benefits to patients, medical personnel and society
through continuous monitoring and early detection of possible problems.
The current technological evolutions will bring us closer to a fully
operational WBAN that acts as an enabler for improving the Quality of
Life.
27. Future Scope
The future market of WBAN is growing rapidly in the field
of medical as well as in the entertainmentindustry.
We believe that WBAN systems will allow a dramatic shift
in theway people think aboutand manage their health.
This provide more proactive preventive healthcare that will not
only improve the quality of life, but will also reduce healthcare
costs.