The simulation of water distribution network can be carried out by two different methodologies. First Simulation method is the Demand Driven Analysis (DDA), in which the main objective of the governing equations is reach full demand at any demand node regardless of the available pressure; this method fails to present the real scenario when a pressure deficiency problem happened in the network. On the other hand, the second simulation method is the Pressure Driven Analysis (PDA) in which, a relation between available pressure and actual demand exists. The PDA is considered more accurate when solving the water distribution network (WDN) under abnormal conditions. Many softwares like EPANET and WaterCAD® are available to model the network in normal conditions. Since 1981, many researchers tried to model PDA using different methodologies, either by change source code of EPANET, or by adding artificial elements to the network, or by changing demand node (DN) to emitter. Until now, the automated process of solving PDA is not available in any available software. This study describes the development and application of MATLAB based program (PDA-GUI), which simulate the WDN in normal and abnormal situations. The developed program uses the methodologies of different existing PDA methods that add artificial elements to the network. It helps the decision maker to evaluate the network in different failure scenarios. The EPANET-MATLAB toolkit and EPANET library were used to implement the proposed software. It took few seconds to simulate the network deficiency by adding or removing the artificial elements. The proposed graphical user interface (GUI) is tested with three benchmark WDNs, and it is able to simulate the network in steady state and extended period simulation.

1. Research by:- Mohammed Rady | Supervisors:- Prof. Dr. Salah El-Din Taher – Dr. Sameh
Y. Mahfouz
Research by:-
Eng. Mohammed Magdy Hamed
Supervised by:-
Prof. Wael M. Hamdy Khader
Assoc. Prof. Sameh Y. Mahfouz
Dr. Mohamed Ashraf Elsayad
MASTER OF SCIENCE
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING ENGINEERING
WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK SIMULATION USING
DIFFERENT PRESSURE DRIVEN ANALYSIS METHODS

2. WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK SIMULATION USING DIFFERENT PRESSURE DRIVEN ANALYSIS METHODS – Mohammed
Magdy Hamed
Introduction
Literature
Review
Research
Objective
Benchmark
Examples
Conclusion
Future Research
Developed GUI
References
Gap Analysis
 Introduction
 Literature Review
 Gap Analysis
 Research Objective
 Developed Matlab® based GUI (PDA-GUI)
 Benchmark Examples
 Conclusion & Future Research
2
OUTLINE

3. WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK SIMULATION USING DIFFERENT PRESSURE DRIVEN ANALYSIS METHODS – Mohammed
Magdy Hamed
Introduction
Literature
Review
Research
Objective
Benchmark
Examples
Conclusion
Future Research
Developed GUI
References
Gap Analysis
Some Water Distribution Networks fails to
deliver the required demand at some nodes due to
one of the following failure scenarios.
 Incorrectly designed network.
 Fire Fighting demand.
 Network expansion beyond design limits.
 Excess use in some demand nodes.
 Pipe failure.
 pump failure.
 valve failure, …..etc.
3
Introduction
INTRODUCTION

4. WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK SIMULATION USING DIFFERENT PRESSURE DRIVEN ANALYSIS METHODS – Mohammed
Magdy Hamed
Introduction
Literature
Review
Research
Objective
Benchmark
Examples
Conclusion
Future Research
Developed GUI
References
Gap Analysis
4
Introduction
Design Code
Requirements
Required
Demand
(𝑞 𝑗
𝑟𝑒𝑞
)
Required
Pressure
(𝑃𝑗
𝑟𝑒𝑞
)
Engineers
or
Designers
Pipe
Diameter
Pumps
Tanks
Valves
During Design Period
INTRODUCTION

5. WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK SIMULATION USING DIFFERENT PRESSURE DRIVEN ANALYSIS METHODS – Mohammed
Magdy Hamed
Introduction
Literature
Review
Research
Objective
Benchmark
Examples
Conclusion
Future Research
Developed GUI
References
Gap Analysis
5
Introduction
Normal Conditions
During Design
Period
INTRODUCTION
Using
Hydraulic
Solver
Required
Demand
(𝑞 𝑗
𝑟𝑒𝑞
)
Available
Pressure
(𝑃𝑗
𝑎𝑣𝑙
)
Demand Driven
Analysis (DDA)
Using
Hydraulic
Solver
Available
Pressure
(𝑃𝑗
𝑎𝑣𝑙
)
Available
Demand
(𝑞 𝑗
𝑎𝑣𝑙
)
Pressure Driven
Analysis (DDA)
Abnormal Conditions
During Design Period
or Operational period

6. WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK SIMULATION USING DIFFERENT PRESSURE DRIVEN ANALYSIS METHODS – Mohammed
Magdy Hamed
Introduction
Literature
Review
Research
Objective
Benchmark
Examples
Conclusion
Future Research
Developed GUI
References
Gap Analysis
 (Udoeyo and Hyee, 2002)
Stu
6
Literature
Review
LITERATURE REVIEW

7. WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK SIMULATION USING DIFFERENT PRESSURE DRIVEN ANALYSIS METHODS – Mohammed
Magdy Hamed
Introduction
Literature
Review
Research
Objective
Benchmark
Examples
Conclusion
Future Research
Developed GUI
References
Gap Analysis
Qavl
Havl
Havl
Hmin Hreq
Qreq
Qavl
Havl
Hmin Hreq
Qreq
Hmin Hreq
Qavl
Qavl
Qavl
Havl
Qavl
Havl
Hmin Hreq
Qreq
Hmin Hreq
Qreq
Qavl
Havl
Qavl
Havl
Havl
Hmin Hreq
Qreq
Qavl
Havl
Havl
Hmin Hreq
Qreq
Qavl
Havl
Hmin Hreq
Qreq
Hmin Hreq
Qreq
Hmin Hreq
Hmin Hreq
Qavl
Havl
Qavl
Havl
Qavl
Havl
Qavl
Qavl
Havl
Qavl
Hmin Hreq
Qreq
Hmin Hreq
Qreq
Hmin Hreq
Qreq
Hmin Hreq
Qreq
Qavl
Qavl
Havl
Hmin Hreq
Qreq
Qavl
Havl
Qavl
Havl
Qavl
Hmin Hreq
Qreq
Hmin Hreq
Qreq
1- Bhave, 1981, 1991
2- Germanopoulos, 1985
3- Salgado-Castro, 1988
4- Wagner et al., 1988
5- Fujiwara & Li, 1998
6- Tanyimboh and Templeman, 2010
LITERATURE REVIEW
7
Literature
Review
Node Head Flow Relationship

8. WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK SIMULATION USING DIFFERENT PRESSURE DRIVEN ANALYSIS METHODS – Mohammed
Magdy Hamed
Introduction
Literature
Review
Research
Objective
Benchmark
Examples
Conclusion
Future Research
Developed GUI
References
Gap Analysis
8
Literature
Review
LITERATURE REVIEW
Change Source Code
Rossman, 2000
Ackley, 2001
Cheung, 2005
Sequential Solution
Seeking
Enhanced Global
Gradient Algorithm
EPANET-MNO
WDNetXL
EPANET-PDX
Subsystem Pressure
Dependent Demand
EPANETpdd
Sylvan, 2016
Wu, 2009
Pressure Driven Analysis Methods
Adding Artificial
Elements
Using Emitter
instead of Node
Suribabu,
2015
Neelakantan,
2019
Ozgar,
2003 Bertola,
2006
Ang,
2006
Todini,
2006Mohan,
2012 Gorev,
2013
Sivakumar,
2014
Sayyed,
2015
Herman,
2017 Paez,
2018

9. WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK SIMULATION USING DIFFERENT PRESSURE DRIVEN ANALYSIS METHODS – Mohammed
Magdy Hamed
Introduction
Literature
Review
Research
Objective
Benchmark
Examples
Conclusion
Future Research
Developed GUI
References
Gap Analysis
LITERATURE REVIEW
Bertola, 2006
Ang, 2006
Mohan, 2012
Gorev, 2013
Sayyed, 2015
Herman, 2017
Paez, 2018
Literature
Review
9

10. WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK SIMULATION USING DIFFERENT PRESSURE DRIVEN ANALYSIS METHODS – Mohammed
Magdy Hamed
Introduction
Literature
Review
Research
Objective
Benchmark
Examples
Conclusion
Future Research
Developed GUI
References
Gap Analysis
 (Zainab Hasan Abdulabbas, 2013)
Inves
10
Literature
Review
LITERATURE REVIEW

11. WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK SIMULATION USING DIFFERENT PRESSURE DRIVEN ANALYSIS METHODS – Mohammed
Magdy Hamed
Introduction
Literature
Review
Research
Objective
Benchmark
Examples
Conclusion
Future Research
Developed GUI
References
Gap Analysis
GAP ANALYSIS
 Up to date knowledge, no released software tries to
solve the network as PDA by adding or removing
Artificial Elements (AE).
 When engineer tries to design the network, all the
available free or paid softwares are dealing with the
WDN as DDA and neglecting failure scenarios.
 According to (Pacchin, Alvisi, & Franchini, 2017)
research, there is no one single automated process
for adding and removing artificial elements with
changing its properties each time step, or iteratively
changing node elevation and emitter coefficient.
11
Gap Analysis

12. WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK SIMULATION USING DIFFERENT PRESSURE DRIVEN ANALYSIS METHODS – Mohammed
Magdy Hamed
Introduction
Literature
Review
Research
Objective
Benchmark
Examples
Conclusion
Future Research
Developed GUI
References
Gap Analysis
 Studying the effect of recycling some industrial
wastes generated in Egypt.
12
Research
Objective
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE

13. WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK SIMULATION USING DIFFERENT PRESSURE DRIVEN ANALYSIS METHODS – Mohammed
Magdy Hamed
Introduction
Literature
Review
Research
Objective
Benchmark
Examples
Conclusion
Future Research
Developed GUI
References
Gap Analysis
13
Binder Content
200 kg/m3
OPC & FA (0%, 30%, 50%) CKD (0%, 30%, 50%)
BFSC CKD (0%, 30%, 50%)
250 kg/m3
OPC & FA (0%, 30%, 50%) CKD (0%, 30%, 50%)
BFSC CKD (0%, 30%, 50%)
Developed GUI
DEVELOPED GUI

14. WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK SIMULATION USING DIFFERENT PRESSURE DRIVEN ANALYSIS METHODS – Mohammed
Magdy Hamed
Introduction
Literature
Review
Research
Objective
Benchmark
Examples
Conclusion
Future Research
Developed GUI
References
Gap Analysis
 Proportion of mixes for 200 kg/
14
m3
Group Mix Mix ID
CM
(kg/m3)
CKD
(%)
FA
(%)
Quantity (kg/m3)
Cement FA CKD Water
Coarse
agg.
Fine
agg.
I
1 CEMI, 200 CM, 0%FA
200
0
0
200 0 0 160 1264 842
2 CEMI, 200 CM, 0%FA 30 140 0 60 161 1264 842
3 CEMI, 200 CM, 0%FA 50 100 0 100 163 1264 842
II
4 CEMI, 200 CM, 30%FA
200
0
30
140 60 0 162 1250 834
5 CEMI, 200 CM, 30%FA 30 98 42 60 163 1254 836
6 CEMI, 200 CM, 30%FA 50 70 30 100 165 1257 838
III
7 CEMI, 200 CM, 50%FA
200
0
50
100 100 0 166 1241 828
8 CEMI, 200 CM, 50%FA 30 70 70 60 168 1248 832
9 CEMI, 200 CM, 50%FA 50 50 50 100 170 1252 835
IV
10 CEM III, 200 CM, 0%FA
200
0
0
200 0 0 158 1257 838
11 CEM III, 200 CM, 0%FA 30 140 0 60 159 1259 839
12 CEM III, 200 CM, 0%FA 50 100 0 100 161 1260 840
Benchmark
Examples
BENCHMARK EXAMPLES

15. WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK SIMULATION USING DIFFERENT PRESSURE DRIVEN ANALYSIS METHODS – Mohammed
Magdy Hamed
Introduction
Literature
Review
Research
Objective
Benchmark
Examples
Conclusion
Future Research
Developed GUI
References
Gap Analysis
 Main characteristics of produced bricks
Number of bricks in each mix= 5+5+25+5+5+15+15= 75 Bricks
Total number of bricks = 75*24= 1800 Bricks15
Conclusion
CONCLUSION

16. WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK SIMULATION USING DIFFERENT PRESSURE DRIVEN ANALYSIS METHODS – Mohammed
Magdy Hamed
Introduction
Literature
Review
Research
Objective
Benchmark
Examples
Conclusion
Future Research
Developed GUI
References
Gap Analysis
Durability
Compressive strength of bricks exposed to different
conditions (250 kg/m3 binder content, CEMIII/A)
16 0% CKD 30% CKD
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 2 4 6 8
CompressiveStrengthkg/cm2
Age (months)
Air
Red Sea
MgSo4
ESS limit for load bearing unit
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 2 4 6 8
CompressiveStrengthkg/cm2
Age (months)
Air
Red Sea
MgSo4
ESS limit for load bearing unit
Future Research
FUTURE RESEARCH

17. WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK SIMULATION USING DIFFERENT PRESSURE DRIVEN ANALYSIS METHODS – Mohammed
Magdy Hamed
Introduction
Literature
Review
Research
Objective
Benchmark
Examples
Conclusion
Future Research
Developed GUI
References
Gap Analysis
REFERENCES
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References

18. WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK SIMULATION USING DIFFERENT PRESSURE DRIVEN ANALYSIS METHODS – Mohammed
Magdy Hamed
Introduction
Literature
Review
Research
Objective
Benchmark
Examples
Conclusion
Future Research
Developed GUI
References
Gap Analysis
REFERENCES
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References

19. WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK SIMULATION USING DIFFERENT PRESSURE DRIVEN ANALYSIS METHODS – Mohammed
Magdy Hamed
Introduction
Literature
Review
Research
Objective
Benchmark
Examples
Conclusion
Future Research
Developed GUI
References
Gap Analysis
REFERENCES
24) Paez, D., Suribabu, C. R., and Filion, Y. (2018). “Method for Extended Period Simulation of Water
Distribution Networks with Pressure Driven Demands.” Water Resources Management, 32(8), 2837–2846.
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National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, U.S.
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networks in EPANET.” Procedia Engineering, Elsevier Ltd., 626–631.
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Dependent Modelling Of Water Distribution Systems.” Water Resources Management, 29(9), 3227–3242.
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model.” Institution of Civil Engineers - Water Management, 389–396.
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Optimal Valve Regulation.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers, 125(3),
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Global-Gradient Algorithm for Pressure-Dependent Water Distribution Analysis.” 135(February), 13–22.
19
References

20. Research by:- Mohammed Rady | Supervisors:- Prof. Dr. Salah El-Din Taher – Dr. Sameh
Y. Mahfouz
THANKS!
Any questions?