Islamic architecture in india

1. ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE IN
INDIA

2. Muslim architecture in India can be
divided into:
1 Arab period
2 Sultanate period
3 Mughal period

3. ARAB PERIOD
Arab period starts from 711 AD when
Muhammad bin Qasim conquered part of Debul
and spread till Multan
Concept of Mosque was revised .Earliest
mosque was situated in Bhambore and its plan
resembled typical prototype plan.
 Prayer hall was supported on wooden columns.
Arab period buildings were modest (simple) in
scale, because Muslims were not able to
establish firm hold due to wars.

4. Mosque at Bhambore

5. . Grand Mosque at Bhambore
The structure roughly built on square plan,
measures 120 ft by 122 ft.
The outer wall is 3 to 4 ft in width.
It is built in finely dressed lime stone
blocks.
An open courtyard measured 75 ft by 58
ft.
The prayer chamber was supported on 33
pillars.

6. SULTANATE PERIOD
Delhi sultanate was established by Qutb ud din
Aibak who conquered most parts of the Indian
Sub Continent.
 First came Mahmood of Ghazni
After him came Shahabud-din-Ghori.
 We find a Mosque in Taxila and Swat.
There are small structures, which resemble
typical Mosque plan.
Material used is stone. We don’t find any details
of roof or walls because the remains are only till
plinth level.

7. The tomb of Khaliq Walid.(12th
century)
Situated in Kabir Wala tehsil near Multan, this
may be the earliest known Muslim funerary in
the Sub Continent.
It is the only surviving Ghaznavid structure in
Pakistan.
The tomb consists of a fortified brick structure
measuring about 70ft x90ft.
It has inward sloping rounded buttresses at each
corner.
There are similar buttresses in the middle of
three outer walls.

8. Tomb of Khaliq
Walid

9. Tomb of Khaliq
Walid
Tom of Khaliq
Waleed

10. Tomb of Shah Rukn-e-Alam
During the Sultanate period, Tomb of
Shah Rukn-e-Alam is one of the finest
achievements of the Multan builders.
It is said to be constructed by the order of
the Delhi ruler Ghias-ud-Din Tughlaq
during 1320 and 1324.
It was started by the Sheikh himself and
completed by his followers.

11. Tomb
of
Shah
Rukn
e
Alam

12. Its plan is octagonal and has battered walls
and sloped turrets.
The octagonal base measures 90ft in diameter
with the height of 115 ft including the finial.
The slope of the turrets and the dome play a
system of thrust and counter thrust.
Bricks and bands of timber have been used in
the exterior.
Walls were constructed of brick and were
tapering inwards.
Central portion of this tomb is squarish and
covered with dome.

13. The domical structure is achieved in two stages.
Converting square into octagon.
Converting octagon into 16 sided figure i.e.
By forming:
Squinch arches
Pendentives
Cylindrical
This was the earliest tomb in the sub continent.
Later tombs were developed with this tomb as
a prototype, e.g.

14. Arch in the tomb of Shah Rukn e Alam

15. Tomb of Shah
Rukn e Alam

16. Perspective
view
of
the tomb

17. Tomb of Baha-ud-Din Zakariya
It has a square plan, octagonal drum, a
central dome and corner minarets
It was a mausoleum building which had
been in good form till 700 yrs.

18. Thanks