Photo

2. The Enlarger
CHECK FILTER NUMBER
CLEAN NEG
SET APERTURE ON THE
LENS
DECIDE ON PRINT SIZE
USE MASKING FRAME TO
CREATE PROPER
BORDERS
FINE FOCUS IMAGE
CHECK BORDERS OF
IMAGE
SET TIMER
MAKE TEST STRIPS FOR
EVERY PRINT
MINIMUM EXPOSURE – 16
SECS
ALTER
FILTER/TIMING/APERTUR
E APPROPRIATELY
‘BURN IN’ WHERE
NECESSARY
‘HOLD BACK AREAS’
WHERE NECESSARY

3. Enlarger lenses have Apertures that also affect
how much light is hitting the paper, however, it's
best to stop down to achieve a sharp image and
leave it (start with going 2 stops down to f8).

4. Contrast Grades
-Contrast grades 0 – 1 |
lower contrast
-Contrast grade 2 |
medium or normal
contrast
-Contrast grades 3 – 5 |
higher contrast
You should use filters to
change the contrast of your
photograph. Make sure you
write down which one you have
used when creating test strips

5. Test Strips
Check Aperture, Check Filter, Check Timings
(don’t forget to write all of this down)

8. A PHOTOGRAM is a photographic print made by
placing objects onto light sensitive paper and
exposing it with light from above (without the use
of a camera)
Also known as
RAYOGRAM after
photographer MAN RAY
who claims to have
discovered the process.

10. In the 1830s, HENRY FOX
TALBOT, a pioneer of photography,
started making photograms of
plants, which he referred to as
‘PHOTOGENIC DRAWINGS’.

11. Most PHOTOGRAMS
made in the 1800s were
documentary experiments.
It wasn’t until the
MODERNIST MOVEMENT
in the 20th Century that
artists started to make
photograms as art works
focusing on form,
movement and space.
Many of these artists were
part of the BAUHAUS
MOVEMENT in Germany. Lotte Jacobi

12. László Moholy-Nagy - Photogram,1946
Both Man Ray and Moholy-Nagy brought
photograms from the scientific to the realm
of art. They often used 3-dimensional
objects to see how they would transclate
onto a 2-dimensional photo (light) sensitive
surface. They also often moved to object
during exposure to create different effects.
Man Ray, 1922, Untitled Rayograph

13. Explore the creative possibilities of
different materials -
opaque/translucent. Explore
movement and tonal variations.
Combine with negatives, text,
newspaper, acetate images etc.
•Experiment with solarising.
•Chemical manipulation -
paint/spray/sponge developer and
fix.

14. This week……
-Present your ‘Manual Shoot’. Add contact sheets, enlargements and clear
explanations explaining your camera settings and how your shoot links to your chosen
Black and White Photographer.
-Create a page on ‘How you create a Photogram’ with diagrams
-Create a double page exploring AT LEAST two photogram Artists. Add information on
the Artists, their techniques and your opinions. (Look on ‘Photogram Artists’ album)
-Create AT LEAST a double page of basic photograms. This should include test strips
and final outcomes. Explain your methods and link your work to photograms Artists
-Create AT LEAST a double page of experimental photograms. This should include test
strips and final outcomes. Explain your methods and link your work to photograms
Artists (look on the ‘Experimental Darkroom’ album)
-Print 1 to 2 images from your Manual shoot as giant negatives
Deadline: Monday 22nd
October
( Make sure you have your giant negatives ready)