Characteristics Of Hard Discount Retailers

Characteristics Of Hard Discount
I. Hard–discount model
a. Creation and development of this model in Germany
Firstly, I think that it is necessary to define what hard–discount is to better understand how this
model works and how it has changed through the time. Hard discount store is a store that sells
mainly food in free service and this business model is also characterized by its low prices, small
retail space and a limited assortment of products. We can find some brands in hard–discounters, but
it represents a minority. The reduced staff and the versatility of this one is another characteristic of
this business model.
Hard–discount found its origins in Germany at the end of the 40s. Launched by the Albrecht
brothers, founders of Aldi, this new way of consuming is a success in Germany since the late 60s
and for the rest of Europe in the 80s. This revolution has known success in Germany with brands
such as Norma, Aldi and Lidl. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is a way of life in Germany. There is no the cultures of food or gastronomy like in France, so it's
not a problem to buy discount products in Germany, at the contrary.
Today, there are 2 giants of the discount model in the world: Aldi & Lidl. The international success
of hard–discount model was clearly in the 90s. In 2009, the 2 Germans companies were in the top 10
global grocery retailers, so it is significant of the success of this revolution.
Hard–discount needs a special organization. This business model has to respect some rules, such as
prices below average, few marketing, few decoration, a small staff, a maximum of 800 product
references and simple rays.
Who has never felt this feeling of extreme simplicity when entering in a discounter? Consumers can
clearly identify when he is in a discounter. All these characteristics can be found in each brand of
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Metro Cash And Carry Essay
HISTORY:
The first metro cash & carry store was opened in Germany in 1964, the first store abroad in 1971 in
Mulhem an der Ruhr. Metro Cash and Carry is defined as a wholesaler because of the type of its
customer base: includes importantly professionals and businesses are allowed to purchase at Metro
Cash and Carry centers. Since then, the concept has continuously proven to be growing and opted
for successful operations in all kinds of market environments.
The "Cash and Carry" concept works on the principle that where customers select their merchandize
at the store and pay in cash and transport the merchandize themselves. This sales concept is geared
towards the specific needs of commercial customers and is the backbone of the company. In 2004,
Metro Cash and Carry saw immense boom in their revenue sales and due to which they became ...
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It is 3rd largest trader in the world, 2nd largest in Europe and largest in Germany with a turnover of
€ 59.9 billion in 2006. METRO is operating around 2378 locations in 29 countries, with employees
numbering over 263,000.At the operational level, the group's sales division is conducted in the way
that businesses are run independently in their respective markets. With over 100,000 employees
worldwide, the company achieved sales of € 31.7 billion in 2007. By generating almost 50% of the
total sales, metro cash & carry is the top most selling brand of the metro groups in terms of sales.
Collection of services provided by metro's cash & carry's unique business to business model are
targeted only towards professional customers which include hotels & restaurants as well as small
and mid–sized retailers or institutions. METRO offers these special groups a high level of
assortment competency both in food & nonfood. Also gives out attractive wholesale prices. A well–
organized and worldwide conferrable concept ensures success in entering new

Metro
BUCHAREST UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMIC STUDIES
BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION FACULTY
(ENGLISH Section)
Analysis of Metro GroupInternational Business project | |
Students:
Custură Ruxandra Gabriela Imre Botond Munteanu Teodora
Metro Group
1. Description of the company
1.1 Field of activity
Metro AG, is otherwise known as Metro Group, established in 1964 by Otto Beisheim.
It is a German global diversified retail and wholesale/cash and carry group based in Düsseldorf. It
has the largest market share in its home market, and is one of the most globalised retail and
wholesale corporations.
It is the fifth–largest retailer in the world measured by revenues (after Wal–Mart, Carrefour, Tesco
and Kroger).
Metro Group has ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It expresses the key attributes of the corporate identity that has been developed over the past years:
innovation, success–orientation and internationality. The Metro Group enters the Japanese and
Vietnamese markets.
In the upcoming years, the now called Metro Group continues its expansies in many other countries,
in Europe and in Asia. By 2007, Metro Cash & Carry opened the first wholesale store in
Pakistan and Media Markt entered the market in Turkey. The Metro Group is expanding its sales
network in other countries as well. In Romania, Real will open its 14th Real hypermarket at the end
of the year. With the comprehensive implementation of the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
in Germany, the METRO GROUP ensures an even better supply chain efficiency.
Even with the economic depression starting in 2008 and making its mark even nowadays, Metro
Group still went on with a powerful expansion plan.
At its annual business press conference in March, METRO GROUP announces a record result of 2.4
billion euros for the financial year 2010. All of the sales divisions play a part in achieving the
Group's overall growth of more than 19 percent.
In May, 2011, METRO GROUP launches a new umbrella brand communication campaign featuring
the slogan 'Made to trade.' It is a combination of conventional print ads, novel online tools and

public dialogue forums.
The Saturn sales brand celebrates its

Five Forces Framework Of Competitive Analysis Of Rustan's...
http://www.robinsons–supermarket.com.ph/about–us6 https://www.rustansfresh.com/7 Rustan's
Supermarket also carries exclusive brands such as Casino and Waitrose alongside other well known
international brands. At present, Rustan's Supermarket is continuously expanding with 16 branches
in Metro Manila, 2 in Cebu, and 1 in Cagayan De Oro.
4.9 Porter's Five–Forces Framework of Competitive Analysis
Potential entry of new competitors – LOW Potential entry of new competitors is rendered low for
the grocery retailing industry. Puregold, SM Hypermarkets, Rustans, and Robinsons Supermarkets
are amongst the top key players in the game. The entry of new competitors could be very low
because of the huge capitalization funds that this industry requires. In addition, the industry has been
long time dominated by the giant players that had already well established and positioned their
brands throughout the country and that they had already spread out with branches in Metro Manila
and other regions.
Bargaining power of suppliers – MODERATE ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The suppliers get the advantages of making their products be showcased for the consumers thru
these retailing outlets. A wider scope of retail outlets could mean wider scope for the brand
recognition of the seller's products, that is why these retailing giants has more power than suppliers.
But when it comes to distribution, having a strong supplier is important, the company be better over
competitors when it comes to qualitative factors such as on time deliveries on their branches and
wider network of

Walmart Global Strategy
Wal–Mart 's Painful Lessons by Matthew Boyle Thursday, October 15, 2009 Having grown in fits
and starts, Wal–Mart 's international unit has a new game plan. Can it master world markets? It 's
rare that a $100 billion business can be marginalized, but such is the case with the international arm
of Wal–Mart Stores (WMT). As a standalone company, it would rank among the top five global
retailers. Inside the $401 billion retail giant, though, the business has traditionally received short
shrift. Its Bentonville (Ark.) headquarters is underwhelming–a drab, largely windowless, one–story
structure named after Bill Mitchell, a former Walmart executive whom nobody seems to remember.
Since venturing into Mexico in 1991, Walmart International has ... Show more content on
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Rival Carrefour abandoned the market years ago. "I have no idea why [Walmart is] still there," says
Neil Z. Stern, a senior partner at consultancy McMillan/Doolittle. Tapped for a Turnaround 2
Edward J. Kolodzieski is the man in charge of turning Seiyu around. As CEO of Walmart Japan,
Kolodzieski has slashed expenses, closed 20 stores, and cut 29% of corporate staff. In–store
butchers were removed, with most meat now processed in a central facility. With the freed–up floor
space, Seiyu bulked up meals–to–go offerings. To bypass the middlemen, Seiyu has also boosted the
number of products it imports directly from manufacturers by 25% over the past year, and is also
focusing on increasing sales of its own private–label brands. The biggest change, however, is a shift
away from weekly specials to "everyday low prices" in areas like baby care and pet products, and,
eventually, throughout the store. Taking a page from Britain 's Asda, Seiyu instead uses its
marketing dollars to compare prices against competitors. With the depth of the current recession,
argues Tokyo–based business consultant Ken Hasebe, Japanese consumers "have finally accepted
that you can buy quality merchandise for a lower price." One positive sign: Seiyu has been posting
positive comparable store sales

Walmart In China Case Study
WAL–MART STORES WITH CHINESE CHARACTERISTICS | Marketing Write–Ups Group 4–
No.1 | |
WAL–MART STORES WITH CHINESE CHARACTERISTICS
Past success will be the future failure.
– Ali Farhoomand, Director, Asia Case Research Centre
It seems ironical the president of Wal–Mart China, CassianChueng resigned just at the beginning
when China's government fully opened its retail market to foreign retailers in 2005; which was
considered to be a declaration of failure to fulfill the retail giant's expectation in China of Chueng.
After one decade of operation in China, Wal–Mart has provided continuous negative returns to the
headquarter in the US and was ranked only 20 in the top 25 chain stores in China at the end of 2004
according to China Chain ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Even the giants need new knowledge and get ready for new challenges
Like the domestic competitors did, Wal–Mart may consider opening smaller scale supermarkets in
lower income / rural cities with reasonably large populations which offer basic necessities at good
value and good service. The smaller variety of goods would suffice to meet the needs of the rural
cities and alleviate the cost of holding a wide inventory.
China for recent 30 are constantly undergoing dramatic changes, the so called Xiao Kang society is
in general hard to specify which leaves a great space for decoding. Wal–Mart needs to be alert and
ready to change whatever proved to be successful in the past for better fit the

Case Study Summary: Metro Cash And Carry
Chapter 2 2.0 Company profile
2.1 Metro cash and carry world wide
METRO Cash & Carry pioneered the self–service business–to–business wholesale concept. Our
dynamic business model adapts seamlessly to the most demanding markets. Headquartered in
Dusseldorf, Germany, METRO Cash & Carry is the largest sales division of the € 67.3 Billion
METRO Group, one of the world's leading international trading and retail companies.
METRO's success story began over 4 decades ago in 1964, with the opening of its first wholesale
distribution center in Germany. Today, the company is a leading player in almost every market it
operates in, with around 700 wholesale ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Metro Products:– ARO AUTHENTIC A wide range of basic daily use products Everything for my
basic fashion needs
FAIRLINE FINE FOOD Always a Good Deal (Non–Food) Fine Foods and Value For Money
HORECA Select LAMBERTAZZI The professional line for hotels, restaurants and caterers Your
reliable travel solution
SIGMA Tailor &

Wal-Mart Operations in Brazil: an Emerging Giant
Kotabe/Helsen, Global Marketing Management, 5e Case 9 Case 9 Wal–Mart Operations in Brazil:
An Emerging Giant ___________________________________ This case was prepared by
Professor Masaaki Kotabe, Louie Pranic and Richard Smith of the Fox School of Business at
Temple University and Kleber G. de Godoy and Moacir Salzstein of Fundação Getúlio Vargas, São
Paulo, Brazil, and updated by Dan Zhang under the supervision of Professor Masaaki Kotabe for
class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective management of a situation
described (2008). 1 Kotabe/Helsen, Global Marketing Management, 5e Case 9 Introduction In
September 1994, Brazil was experiencing a new thrust in its economy. After several years ... Show
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Wal–Mart operates with five different divisions within the United States: WalMart Stores, Wal–Mart
Supercenters, Sam 's Club, McLane 's Company and Wal–Mart International. Wal–Mart Stores is the
division accounting for about 55% of total company revenues. Wal–Mart Supercenters generates
10% of total company revenues and is one of the fastest growing divisions. In the United States,
there are three different "Supercenters": Wal–Mart Supercenters, Hypermart USA's and Bud 's
Warehouse Outlets. "Supercenters" are stores with more than 10,000 m2 of area and a minimum of
40,000 items. Sam 's Club is the division responsible for 25% of revenues. The first Sam 's Club – a
"buyers ' club," namely, a store where the consumer pays an annual fee to have access – was opened
in 1976. As of January 31, 2008, there were 591 Sam 's Clubs in the United States. McLane 's
Company is Wal–Mart 's distribution company. Wal–Mart acquired this company, a leading
distribution company, in 1990. In 1995, McLane 's represented 6% of Wal–Mart total revenues.
McLane 's has 14 distribution centers in the United States and caters not only to Wal–Mart needs but
also to other 25,000 retailing stores in the United States. Wal–Mart International, the fifth division,
accounts for almost 20% of Wal–Mart total

Management Accounting
Running Head: MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
The Management Accountant in Business
[Name of the Writer]
[Name of the Institution]
The Management Accountant in Business
Introduction
Tesco Public Limited Company is a merchandising retailer and a grocery retailer multinational chain
which has it's headquarter in Cheshunt in the United Kingdom. Tesco as compared to its
counterparts, Walmart and Carrefour, is the world's third largest retail store with regard to the
revenues that it generates. Tesco stands as the second largest retail stores of the world with regard to
its profits, with Walmart being the first. Tesco has its retail stores spread across almost 14 countries
of the world of Asia, North America and Europe. Tesco public limited company is ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The research center facilitates the identification of the research areas and the areas of concern in the
profit centers. The customer feedback collected enables Tesco to make changes to the business
processes so that they better meet the customer needs.
Tesco also works closely with its suppliers to develop the best brands and also bring in a variety of
offers for the customers. Tesco works with a number of suppliers including the FMCG companies
and the local suppliers providing goods for the regional retail stores.
Management Accounting Functions at Tesco
Management Accounting is distinguished from Financial Accounting as being an accounting
constituent that is concerned with the measurement, analysis and the reporting of information
regarding the financial and non–financial operations of the business, and taking decisions which are
necessary for the attainment of goals of the organization (Bhimani & Langfield, 2007).
Management accounting is concerned with the attainment of organizational goals and for serving the
strategies of the organization (Durden, n.d, p. 2). Hence, management accounting is concerned with
the accounting information which is intended to be used within the organization and for the
achievement of the goals of the organization. Management accounting is used in organizations to
make decisions regarding the competitiveness of the business by the collection, processing, and the
communication of the information which will hence

Practices for Improving Queue Length in Retail Stores
With the advent of technology, consumers expect quick service and immediate gratification from
retailers. As they become more empowered and time constraints increase, loyalty to a particular
outlet is incumbent on the speed of service. To meet these consumer needs, hypermarkets use
technology for queue management by monitoring arrivals and forecasting the time consumers will
spend in the store, staffing their billing counters accordingly. At busy times, many transfer staff
engaged in other activities to till points. But such solutions necessitate extra staff. Following are
outlined some existing practices to improve queue time and queue length. Self–service checkouts.
Expensive self–service bar code reading technology is used in certain stores to allow consumers to
self–scan bar codes of items to be bought. Wal–Mart Stores Inc. is experimenting with a "Scan &
Go" system where shoppers use the Wal–Mart iPhone app to scan the bar code of the items they
want to buy and bag them as they shop. At the self–checkout lane, the iPhone is held up to the self–
checkout screen that wirelessly receives the scanned items and prompts payment. To ensure all
goods are paid for, several stores place items on weight–sensitive platforms to ascertain payment.
Companies like IKEA are, however, eliminating self–checkout because it simplifies shoplifting.
Cameras placed to supervise queues and respond accordingly, allowing customers with fewer items
to process their bill at a separate counter

Tesco Plc Essay
Tesco PLC is a British multinational grocery, and general merchandise retailer headquartered in
Cheshunt, Hertfordshire, England, United Kingdom, that was founded in 1919 by Jack Cohen .It is
the third largest retailer in the world measured by profits and second–largest retailer in the world
measured by revenues. It has stores in 12 countries across Asia and Europe and is the grocery
market leader in the UK (where it has a market share of around 28.4%), Ireland, Hungary, Thailand
and Malaysia.
Tesco is a UK–focused grocery retailer, since the early 1990s has increasingly diversified
geographically and into areas such as the retailing of books, clothing, electronics, furniture, toys,
petrol and software; financial services; telecoms and internet services.
Tesco is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It had a
market capitalization of approximately £18.1 billion as of 22 April 2015, the 28th–largest of any
company with a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange.
Analysis of Tesco 's extended marketing mix 1.1. Tesco s objectives are to provide customers with
great value at competitive prices, communicate with and meet the needs of its customers, develop its
employees ' talents and reward them fairly, work with suppliers to keep quality high and prices low,
be involved in the national discussion regarding food safety and production issues, support the
communities in which it participates, and make a profit. Tesco aspires

Essay about International Business- Walmart
INTERNATIONAL MARKET OF WAL–MART
QUESTION
Assignment 1: Challenges in international management
Type: Individual
Format: Essay (You are encouraged to use headings and/or sub–headings to separate the
sections/cases of your essay.) Word limit: 2500 words (variation within 10% more or less is allowed)
This activity is a platform to sharpen and demonstrate your knowledge and analytical skills in
international business. It is designed to help you achieve the learning outcomes 1, 2 & 3. The
assignment focuses on the actors of international business and their actions in the contemporary
international business context. It also provides you with opportunities to link the international
theories with the practice by analysing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These matters have been transformed into the broad objectives that are stated as under: 1. Access to
the world class health care at an affordable price. 2. Minimize the power cost for the consumer. 3.
Moral and Environmental issues to be taken care of before expanding the business network. .
(wallmart.com,2012) Internationalization of the process
In the present business environment there are no fixed methods for globalization of the business. As
there are various complexities in the entire process of the business which varies from place to place
and business to business. The standards of internationalization of the process of any business are set
by the owners by themselves. In general view in terms globalization few concepts are relatively
popular in terms of globalization of the process.
The commonly followed strategies are as follows. * Exporting of the product * Seeking for
Licensing the product to other company * Go out and give franchising opportunity to other
company. * Joint venturing with the native country firms * Setting up of a wholly owned subsidiary.
Generally the experiment has proved that bring change to the on going firms international
engagement, it lays down the rues and regulation for setting up foreign subsidiaries. Hence it
becomes important to include these variations and give more

Purpose And Objectives Of Tesco
OVERVIEW
Tesco PLC is one of the largest retailer in the world and by revenues it is the third largest , started in
Welwyn
garden city , Hertfordshire , England, and united kingdom , it has a large varieties of superstore and
merchandise stores in many continents .it is one of the leading market of the groceries in the UK in
which it has
a market share of 28.4% , it has stores in many countries like Hungary , Thailand , Malaysia ,
Ireland . Recently
it's been proposed to open up in UAE.
Tesco started life in 1919 once Jack Cohen started merchandising surplus groceries from a stall
within
the East finish of London.
The Tesco's whole business appeared 5 years later in 1924 once he bought a cargo of tea from a Mr.
T. E Stock
well. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The brand name of Tesco first appeared on packets of tea in the 1920s.
within
the East finish of London. Mr. Cohen created a profit of £1 from sales of £4 on his initial day.
T. E Stock
well. The initials and letters were combined to make Tes–co and in 1929 Mr. Cohen opened the

flagship Tesco
store in Burnt Oak, North London
1
PRODUCTS AND SERVICES ANALYSIS
By the end of February 2004 Tesco PLC achieved revenues of a sum total of £33,557 million
($59,307.9
million), a rise of 18.7% against the previous year's revenues that were £28,280 million. The
company's
revenues are basically derived from 3 major geographical areas: the United Kingdom, and remainder
of Europe
and Asia, that accounted for 73.8%, 10.1% and 8% of business 2003 revenues.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AMONG UK, EUROPE AND ASIA
UK AISA EUROPE
totaled £24,760 million
(THIS YEARS SALE)
16.2% RISE increase of 31.4% increase of

Essay On Giant Hypermarket
INTRODUCTION
Giant hypermarket is a major supermarket and retailer chain in Malaysia. It is a subsidiary of Dairy
Farm International Holidays (DFI) and is headquartered in Shah Alam, Selangor. In our group
assignment, we choose Giant Hypermarket in Senawang. The Giant hypermarket, Senawang is
located at No, 1571, Jalan Senawang 70450 Seremban, Negeri Sembilan. This hypermarket usually
starts to operate on Monday to Friday from 9am to 11am and on Saturday and Sunday from 8am to
11pm. We visited the Giant Hypermarket, Senawang on 31/1/2015 to observe and collect some
information regarding our account assignment. Based on our observation, we know that people who
are staying near the town of Senawang are satisfied with this hypermarket which sells a wide range
of products in affordable prices. The main two purposes we choose Giant Hypermarket, Senawang
is to identify how the supermarket manage and control their operating costs as well as the analysis
classification of costs at Giant Hypermarket, Senawang. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, the top management will play an important role on monitoring and dividing work to
the staff. This will help the Giant hypermarket at Senawang to achieve their goal. Control cost is
meant by the continuous process on beginning with the proposed annual budget. This will help the
hypermarket to organize and coordinate production, selling and distribution. Besides that, the
management also takes maximum advantage of available opportunities. The giant hypermarket,
Senawang focused on high profit, improving productivity and improving competitive standing to
reduce their company

Biography on Mr. Kishore Biyani
Mr. Kishore Biyani
King of Retail
INTRODUCTION
'ITS A UNIQUE CHALLENGE ONE HAS TO LIVE UP TO AND I FAILED IT IN MY FIRST
ATTEMPT.IT TURNED OUT TO BE A HUMBLING EXPERIENCE AND TAUGHT ME
LESSONS THAT SHAPED MY LIFE FROM THEREON'
–KISHORE BIYANI ABOUT KISHORE BIYANI
1. He was born on 9 august 1961 in Mumbai.He was the second son of shrilaxmi narayan biyani and
Smt Godavari Biyani
2. Graduated in commerce from HR college, Mumbai
3. Introvert and shy natured person
4. Belongs to business family. STORE DESIGN & LAYOUT
–Headquartered in MUMBAI
–Employees over 30,000 people.
–Pantaloon Retail is the flagship company of Future GROUP
–Has over 1000 stores across 61 cities in India ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Kishore Biyani was born in August, 1961 and is married to Sangita and they have two daughters. He
recently authored a book, 'It Happened In India' that captures his entrepreneurial journey and the
growth of modern retailing in India.
DREAM OF THE LEADER
Equal Dreams – Pursuing inclusive futures
What's your approach to retail?
I keep my eyes and ears open to observe our customers and turn those insights into How do we
serve better them? When you focus on the consumers' perspective and what can be done for them
rather than just on how to move goods – that changes everything.
How do you capture and interpret customer insights?
We start by taking note of memes within popular culture with things like TV serials, cinema, songs,
etc. We ask ourselves Why is this getting popular? What's driving this? – because there's a reason
why these specific stories have captured the imagination of the people. We believe since these
stories resonate widely that it's reflective of the dreams people share.
What is the role of business in helping individuals achieve their dreams?

An organisation is a collection of many individuals, with their own dreams, coming together to work
on a common vision. It then becomes our responsibility as managers and human beings to ensure
that we start asking ourselves how do we increase their satisfaction and thinking capacity – it's not
just about economic output.
You've mention that dreaming is the essence of

Recommendations For Tesco
Giant is one of the largest retailers in Malaysia. Giant store was founded by the Teng family in 1944.
The store started as a simple grocery store in one of the suburbs of Kuala Lumpur in 1944 and
expanded with the opening of the Teng Minimarket Centre in Bangsar in 1974. Its purpose was to
offer their customers wide range of food products at lowest prices as possible. As years gone by the
store reputation grew and so did the business. Dairy Farm, which captured Giant in 1999,
recognized that the leading to Giant's success had been its capability to continuously offer value for
money products. It maintained this basis principle even as it began turning Giant into a national and
international brand.
After six years of struggle, including redesigning ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Tesco also sell non–food products such as electronic goods and clothing. The company group has
recorded their revenues of £42,641 million during the year of 2007, and raise 8.1% over 2006. They
also made a profit £2,648 million during the financial year of 2007, and raise 16.1% over 2006. The
company net profit of £1,892 million within the financial year of 2007, and raise 20.5% over 2006.
Recommendations
Improve customer offer
Listening to customers in a wide variety of ways is the key of what to do. Engage with customers
through a range of focus groups and ongoing research trackers, and actively seek feedback on what
is good or not so good, such as through Every Comment Helps scheme. Online and social media
make it easier to listen and respond to large numbers of customers in real time, through Wechat,
Facebook and Twitter.
Promotes the right product at the right time
A good distribution system begins with understanding which and what products the stores need to
promotes. Forecast what customers will buy using sophisticated, detailed models to consider
variables such as seasonality, weather forecast and likely response to

Business Analysis : Tesco Plc Essay
INTRODUCTION:
Tesco PLC is one of the largest retailer in the world and by revenues it is the third largest , started in
Welwyn garden city , Hertfordshire , England, and united kingdom , it has a large varieties of
superstore and merchandise stores in many continents .it is one of the leading market of the
groceries in the UK in which it has a market share of 28.4% , it has stores in many countries like
Hungary , Thailand , Malaysia , Ireland . Recently it's been proposed to open up in UAE.
within the East finish of London. Mr. Cohen created a profit of £1 from sales of £4 on his initial day.
T. E Stock well. The initials and letters were combined to make Tes–co and in 1929 Mr. Cohen
opened the flagship Tesco store in Burnt Oak, North London.
The whole brand continued its rise within the Thirties once Mr. Cohen designed a headquarters and
warehouse in North London and in 1932 Tesco became a personal Ld. In 1947 Tesco Stores
(Holdings) Ltd floated on the exchange with a share value of 25p.
During the 60s supermarkets began to expand apace by commercialism a lot of merchandise in ever
largerstores.
In 1961 Tesco Leicester entered the Guinness Book of Records in one of the largest

Swot Analysis Of Jusco
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview of the Companies Chosen The introduction about core business activities, future
prospects and financial highlights for the three companies that we choose in the retail industry are
Aeon Co. Ltd, Giant Hypermarket and Tesco PLC.
1.1.1 Aeon Co. Ltd
AEON CO. (M) BHD is a company that operates AEON retail stores in Malaysia. AEON is one of
the largest retail stores in Malaysia. They offer various goods and services to the public. AEON
offers a large general merchandises for sale.
All of this started in year 1984, where Jaya Jusco Stores Sdn. Bhd. was first established. Dr.
Mahathir was the person who requested that Jaya Jusco to be opened in Malaysia for the betterment
of the economic growth of the country. JUSCO Co. Ltd. President, Mr. Takuya Okada met up with
Dr. Mahathir with a proposal to establish JUSCO's remarkable name in Malaysia. Besides, a joint
venture consisting of three parties were involved in this, they are Cold Storage, Peremba, and
JUSCO Co. Ltd.
The growth of Jaya Jusco has been a remarkable one since they began operation. As from year 1984
to year 2000, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Tesco store was founded in 1919 when Jack Cohen started selling additional groceries from a stall in
the East of London. On first day, Mr. Cohen made a profit of £1 from sales of £4. However, it
appeared as a brand after five years in 1924, when Mr. Cohen bought a shipment of tea from Mr. T.E
Stockwell. Which was then combine later with the initials letters to form Tes–co and Mr. Cohen
opened a flagship Tesco store in Burn Oak, North London. Tesco brand continue to growth in 1930
onward. On the other hand, Mr. Cohen had decide to build a headquarter in Cheshunt, UK and is
listed on the London Stock Exchange as well has a secondary listing on the Irish Stock Exchange
with the name TESCO

Part Strategic Environment Essay
Part A: Strategic environment 1. Introduction Tesco is a leading multinational grocery and general
retail company based in the United Kingdom (2015). Founded in 1919 by Jack Cohen it has grown
to have 6,784 stores in 12 countries with a total revenue of £63.557 billion in 2014. Statista shows
that Tesco currently holds the highest market share in the UK with with 28.7% followed by Asda at
17% (2015). As a mission statement, Tesco's is simple: 'We make what matters better, together'
(2015). Tesco is known to be the seller of everything to everyone and it's vision is 'To be the most
highly valued business by: the customers we serve, the communities in which we operate, our loyal
and committed colleagues and of course, our shareholders.' (2015). The long–term success of this
company centers around it's continuity in aim and it's adaptability with circumstances. Strategic
plans evolve to with the clear competitive intention to be the best. Recently there has been much
speculation about Tesco's unfair treatment of suppliers. BBC reported that investigations were taking
place in regard to a possible breach of the Grocery Supply Code of Practice (2015). Despite this
continue to be an integral part of strategic developments with grocers and retailers worldwide.
Major restructuring has also taken place over the last few years. In 2013 Tesco withdrew with the
American market; and in 2014 the newly appointed CEO, Dave Lewis, relocated the head office,
closed 43 un–profiting stores

Tesco Manuscript Essay
Tesco Speech
Thank you, please be seated, it is an honor for me to speak here for you today at the London School
of Economics. As you may know my name is Tom Johnson and I am the PR assistant for Tesco,
which is one of the largest retailers in the world, and that title have some expectations committed to
it.
I am here today to give a speech for you about Tesco's current situation, and how we plan to deal
with it, as one of the largest retailers. With the changing consumer behavior in kept in mind.
If you come up with any questions during the show, you will have to remember them till the end,
where I will be answering all your answers. Our last twelve–month have not been pretty, especially
not on the bottom line. The past ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When the costumers use their club cards we get all sorts of data. So we know if we have to store
more of one particular item, or give it more or less space on the shelves. This is of cause totally
anonymous. For only one reason: to personalize the experience at Tesco.
The Asian department has done outstanding we have had huge success in Thailand and in China
with serving fresh fish. Something we do not focus as much on in the European stores.
We are also very proud of staff especially in Thailand, during the flooding the staff provided the
victims of the flooding with good and fresh food, an outstanding performance.
The focus of our new initiatives will only be domestic, so we do not have a lot on our plate. We need
to focus on our quality, together with our new warmer look and feel. Make it feel like the local
grocer, with freshly baked bread and fresh vegetables. We have also give our own "everyday value"
products a whole new more appealing design, that indicates quality.
Clicks and Bricks is our most groundbreaking initiative, we to keep up with today's technology
otherwise we will not be on the market in the future, because of that we have created a whole new
Tesco app, where you can order your food on your phone, while you are at home, and simply just
pick up what you ordered when you get there. Or you can get your groceries delivered to your
address. We have also made new technological initiative that will blown your mind. It is a

Walmart Analysis
Wal–mart is the biggest chain of retailer and consumer, which provides a large number of quality
products under one roof. These include grocery clothing, pharmacy, toys, hardware and various
CDs, DVD Musical instruments, consumer electronics, books etc. etc. Moreover, every Wal–Mart
possesses McDonalds where people can eat and have a break while shopping. It also contains a
photo shop so people can do shopping while their photos get ready.
Wal–Mart is basically an innovative creation of Sam Walton who opened the first Wal–Mart store
during 1962. It is publicly traded under the New York stock exchange and recognize by the symbol
WMT. The secret of the international economic aspect of Wal–Mart is hidden in the number of
shareholders ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For instance, during 1998, the Mexican joint venture with Wal–Mart resulted in a hypermarket chain
in Germany. (Washington post.com Copyright © 1995–2004 Pinnacor)
Moreover, the domestic expansion activity keeps on increasing with the production of new Wal–
Mart stores as well as converting Wal–Mart stores into Super centers and new SAMS club. At the
same time the expansion strategy includes relocating the existing SAMS clubs into new locations.
This also leads to international expansion of further units of both the club and store. For instance,
during 1999, Wal–Mart was expanded to Argentina, Brazil, Canada and Mexico as its further units.
(Washington post.com Copyright © 1995–2004 Pinnacor)
Furthermore, during 2000 the evaluated profits and ratio of sales and purchase to Wal–Mart was
immense as information technology and various technological equipments were added along the
non–information technology equipments. However, the company estimated an approximate amount
of $12 million for programming and replacing the various software and $3 million as the cost of
hardware acquisition. Nonetheless all these costs are basically funded by some operational cash
flows. On the other hand the company continuously communicates to other big companies in order
to calculate the per year compliance of the company.
However, during the coming few years the company tremendously grew and is presently the
dominant

Essay on Tesco Marketing Strategies
Tesco: expanding at the highest rate in the global market
Abstract:
In today's world most of the companies depend on its global strategies as it plays a crucial role to
succeed in the throat–cutting competition between the companies.
This report of international strategic management explains how Tesco introduce, devise and
implement its international strategy to strive against the other companies in this rapidly changing
market conditions.
In this report we are also going to illustrate the significance of international strategy for the survival
of the organisation and to what extent Tesco became successful on a global scale by using various
analytical tools and globalisation drivers. And what challenges has Tesco faced during ... Show more
Be flexible– In every country the market conditions are different and require a different approach,
different strategy should be formulated in order to be successful. Keeping these things in mind Tesco
has implemented different strategies in different countries like in France costumers don't believe in
purchasing the food products in a bulk, they used to shop every day and try to get fresh food.
Therefore Tesco entered the Japanese market by getting hold on the discount supermarket operators
as it was very difficult to meet the requirement of the Japanese customers by having the same
formats of hypermarkets.
2. Act local– costumers preference should be the first priority for every organisation only then you
will be able to meet the requirement of local costumers. When you enter in a different country the
people over there will be of different culture, the rules and regulations may be different. Tesco
understand this and its strategy of being close to the costumers is the key reason of their success
overseas. For ex– In Thailand people doesn't like the western approach of neatly packed products
within in a limited area they mostly prefer to interact directly with the seller and try to choose what
they want from a number of choices. By analysing the costumers behaviour Tesco has opened Rama
iv store in Bangkok.
3. Maintain focus– Tesco provides a wide variety of products. It greatly emphasis on providing
quality service

Essay On Tesco
At its current status, Tesco's entire revenue of 60% is from the host country (UK) and 40% from its
twelve client countries. It possesses ninety–seven years of revolutionized supply chain management
skills and advantages as it competes with its local & offshore local competitors such as Asda,
Carrefour, Aeon Jusco, Mydin, Giant and many more.
Tesco PLC Joint Venture – Tesco (Malaysia)
As a part of international business globalization strategy, Tesco PLC ventured in to Malaysia with
the availability of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). It joint ventured with Sime Darby, a major
Malaysia based multinational cooperation with a sharing of 70% (Tesco PLC) and 30% (Sime
Darby) respectively in the year 2001.
In its course of expansion to Malaysian ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Throughout Tesco's operational years, it has pioneered in the evolution of supply chain management
& technology process. There have been significant phases of changes continuously happening in
SCM methodology and Tesco has predominantly applied, adapted and ventured in to respective
methods or concepts to sustain its competitive advantages in the retailing industry. In fact, Tesco is
migrating from the vertical dynamic flexibility to a virtual structural flexibility domain to cope with
the inevitable turbulence in the global market and customer preferences.
As a part of conventional supply chain user, Tesco had implemented several management
information systems as a part of its business intelligence. This includes the application of Point–of–
Sale Scanning system (POS & EPOS), Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), centralized ordering and
distribution process, automated warehouse control, and adapted Toyota Production System (TPS)
which led to Just–In–Time (JIT) and Jidokha methodology with the incorporation of its Muda, Mura
and Muri, a protocol for waste elimination and RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology
for tracking product movement purposes. These are the driving factors for Tesco to be a lean
oriented organization for both its internal and external

Competitive Tactic Of Walmart
WALMART
The ultimate way to define itself in a competitive market, a corporation must have a competitive
tactic to survive. A competitive tactic is a tool that the firm can use to compete with rivals and
succeed eventually. Examples of competitive tactics are price leaders, product differentiation, price
and differentiation focus, timing tactics, and market location tactics (Mitchell, n.d.). Today this
essay will analyze the competitive tactic of Wal–Mart Stores Inc., the retail giant of America.
Furthermore, a SWOT analysis will be performed on the company to understand its internal and
external environment, and finally a new competitive tactic that it should attempt will be formulated.
Wal–Mart Stores Inc., created by the business tycoon Sam Walton, is a giant corporation providing
retail services to the American population. From hypermarkets, to regular grocery stores, Wal–Mart
has been able to open its doors to even the remotest location in USA. With many competitors
lagging behind such as Target, Alders, Kmart, and Costco, Wal–Mart has been able to maintain the
lead in the retail market. As a matter of fact, as a competitive tactic, Wal–Mart focuses on
maintaining lower prices with their motto being 'Everyday Low Prices'.
Wal–Mart has been able to maintain a price leadership strategy due to the vastness of the
corporation. It is said that within a 15 miles range, there must be a Wal–Mart for almost every
customer in USA (Walmart, n.d.). With around 4,700 stores in USA alone, it has been able to
become the routine shopping place of numerous households. Since the very beginning, Wal–Mart
adopted the low–price leadership strategy and gradually started making profit based on the volume
of sales (Hyde R., n.d.). From tires to electronics, Wal–Mart Supercenters are premises selling
almost everything and in great varieties. After having been able to capture a vast number of
customers and leading as a retailer with suppliers relying on Wal–Mart for more than 20% of their
sale, it started leveraging its bargaining power against suppliers and pressuring them to keep
lowering their prices. They are reputed in minimizing overhead and cost, especially when it comes
to employees' wages and utilities (Hyde R.,

Strategic Management of Walmart
Group Work Submit to Dr Andrew JENKINS Strategic Management: WAL–MART Case Analysis
AGAB Nuri FAZAL Muhamed KINTEH Lamine VRINCIANU Radu Executive Summary Lamine
Introduction Wal–Mart is the largest private employer in the United States and the biggest retailer in
the world. The company started in 1962 with only a small number of employees and has hugely
grown since then. Throughout this essay we will analyse how a small family business managed to
become the leading retailer in the world. We will start by critically comment on the organisational
culture of Wal–Mart. We will then apply Porter's 5 forces Framework to this company. We will
continue by undertaking a PESTEL analysis and discussing WAL–Marts key drivers ... Show more
(Porter 1980s, 1985 David B, Management, Prentice Hall, 3rd Edition 2005) The ability of a firm to
earn an acceptable return on investment highly depends on how business managers handle these
forces in their immediate business The objective of this script is to critically study the Wal–mart five
force analyses. These five forces are the ability of potential competitors, the threat of new products,
the buying power of consumer, and finally the bargaining strategies of suppliers. The threat of
Competitors The most visible threat in the retail business across the United State is Competition.
The quality of competition in the U S as a sub–region has significant influences on business within
its borders, and these are due to the following factors; technological, economic, social and political
factors. Wal– Mart is directly faced with competitors like K–mart, Target, Winco, Albertsons and
wholesale retailers like Costco. The threat form is slightly different in scale putting into account the
span of business activities and ability to match dominant actors. Wal–Mart`s price low cost and
discount strategies often leaves less room for competition from small firms in the business and it
takes the likes of Target and K–Mart to follow suit in the low cost price strategy. The level of threat
is medium given the resource available, brand awareness, service strategies, economies of scale, and
the available product option that

Essay Analysis of U.K Supermarket Development Strategy
Part one: Supermarket retail industry introduction
Effective strategy is developed first by identifying and understanding the implications of the
changing events in the business environment. Many of the events occurring currently have a wide
international impact, and they may be seen to be influencing the results and responses of large
supermarket retailers. The changes, or issues, that we see as important from a strategic planning
perspective are:
 The growth of global companies
 Changing customer characteristics
 Innovation, format changes
 Customer loyalty
 People
 The impact of information sciences and technology(David Walters & Jack Hanrahan
2002)
1. The growth of global ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, Wal–Mart is the leading retailer in the US, Canada and Mexico. So in these areas, the
market objective is holding the exist market and beat back the rivals. But in China, there are large
development and profit room for Wal–Mart. So, the market objective is building the market quickly.
In UK market, Tesco is extraordinary stronger than other companies as the below charts show. So if
ASDA (Wal–Mart) wants to survive even gain more profit, it should put itself in a challenger
position with Tesco which means put the build objective in the first place. It also means the business
strategy of ASDA (Wal–Mart) should focuses on business growth and winning market share from
Tesco and other strong companies, such as Sainsbury¡¯s and Morrison. But for Tesco, its main
mission is holding its market share and making sense of the competitors¡¯ action.
B. Marketing Analysis
It is critical and essential to set some marketing policies and methods supporting the implementation
of the strategy. So, next, we will move to the analysis of marketing policies and methods adopted by
ASDA (Wal–Mart)
For the sake of clear and comprehensive consideration, we will use the model of positioning for
services to explore the marketing world of ASDA (Wal–Mart).
Positioning for services model (David Jobber 2004)

Target Customer Needs Services Marketing Mix
1. Target marketing
The basis of target marketing concerns

Essay on Olivers Market
1. What competitive pressures must Oliver's Market be prepared to deal with? What do we learn
about the nature and strength of the competitive pressures Oliver's faces from doing five–forces
analysis of competition? Which of the five competitive forces is the strongest? The competitive
pressures that Oliver's Market must be prepared to deal with are the pressure associated with the
market maneuvering and jockeying for buyer patronage that goes on among rival sellers in the
industry and the pressure associated with the threat of new entrants into the market. They must be
prepared to face with the rival stores, Trader Joe's, Costco, and Whole Foods who had recently
entered in the sales territory with brand new stores and so far Wal–Mart ... Show more content on
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Why or why not? Is there a potential for a company like Oliver's Market to realize above–average
profits and return on investment doing business in Sonoma County? Yes, the Sonoma County area is
attractive because the area is a growing population with at least 10,000 households making over
$75,000 per year. The Novato location is good, because half the population would have to pass the
location to get it its competitors. Oliver's Market can realize above average profits in Sonoma
County because of their pricing strategy which has lower ever day prices and their promotion with
weekly discount prices to senior citizens. Oliver Market also offers 10% price reduction weekly
provided by the vendor which is passed on to the customer. Oliver's Market has a private label
program that includes vitamins, spices and juices. The private–label was to provide value to their
customers rather than build the Oliver's brand. Oliver's Market prided itself on its customer service.
They were willing to obtain any product a customer requested. A kiosk was in the store to take
customer request for products. Oliver's Market would carry a least a case of the product on the shelf,
and would keep it on the shelf until a competing item took it off the

What Is The Pricing Strategy Of Mydin
MYDIN is one of the largest retail and wholesale organization in Malaysia with close to 90 outlets
with consisting of hypermarkets, mini markets (MyMydin), convenience stores (MyMart), Bazaars
and emporiums in the nationwide. It carries a broad range of goods ranging from food line,
household, soft line and hard–line items. The Soft line products include cosmetics, textile, leather
and various clothing whereas the hard–line products include hardware, electrical, stationery,
porcelain and toys (Mydin, 2014). Besides that, "Mydin has been appointed as the operator for the
Malaysian government–initiated Kedai Rakyat1Malaysia (KR1M) outlets in 2012 and open another
90 KR1M outlets for the year 2013 in the whole of Malaysia" (Ariz, 2013). In addition ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mydin offers varieties of similar range products as their competitors where they are still able to
undercut prices by reasonable percentages. Mydin's pricing strategy is low price strategy where this
strategy emphasizes on low price products as well as maintaining the quality of their products. It
also focuses on reducing the cost from their operation to produce lower price products yet good
quality. Besides that, Mydin used low price strategy to attract lower and medium income group in
across Malaysia. Therefore, lower and medium income families are willing to purchase at lower
price and high quality products at Mydin. Nevertheless, Mydin able to sustain its customers for long
period of time and it will increase customer loyalty through their low price strategy. In addition, this
low price strategy may attract small wholesalers and petty traders in getting cheaper supplies from
Mydin. "It has also contributed to the business expansion and is reflected by an increase in number
of wholesalers and petty traders who have registered as their frequent buyers (Armum, N.D)".
Furthermore, Mydin also emphasize in bulk buying and bulk selling to enjoy lower prices. Thus,
Mydin selling in bulk enable to cut cost as well as sustains lower price for its wholesaler, bulk
purchasers and end user. Therefore, Mydin was encouraging people to buy in bulk in order to save
more. In addition, Mydin purchase raw materials in bulk in order to save more cost. "Mydin sources
merchandise both locally and from other countries including Bangladesh, China, France, Hong
Kong, India, Indonesia and some more" (Armum,

Tesco : The Largest Retail Chain Of The Uk Essay
Company overview
Tesco is British transnational corporation and in the same time the largest retail chain in the UK,
where company manages more that 2700 shopping centers. The headquarter of the Tesco is situated
in the city Cheshunt, Hertfordshire.
Company sales foodstuffs and industrial goods, it uses such commercial formats as supermarket,
hypermarket, convenience store and other. In addition, about 2,700 stores are located in 14 countries
outside the United Kingdom, most of all in Poland, Ireland, the Czech Republic, Thailand, Japan,
Hungary etc. The impressive size of the loyal customers army in 12 million people, that are holders
of the "Tesco Clubcard" which is loyalty program that was launched in the UK in 1995 is the best
proof that Tesco offers its customers an excellent combination of price and quality.
Taken together, all this makes Tesco the leader not only of British but also of the global retail
market. Tesco's commercial network is ranked third in the world in terms of turnover (after Wal–
Mart and Carrefour) and number two in terms of profits (after Wal–Mart).
Futher, I would like to list and describe three the most important reasons, why Tesco decided to go
global. First reason and the most clarifying was to increase sales. As it was mention above Tesco
become UK's largest retail chain, thus one of the way to increase sales was to expand the scope of
activities and break away from domestic market, in order to by exploiting local advantages enter
foreign

Giant Supermarket Case Analysis
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This paper is a company analysis on Giant Hypermarket Malaysia in general, but specifically
focusing on Giant Hypermarket Sabah. Giant Hypermarket is a major supermarket and retailer chain
in Malaysia. It is a subsidiary of Dairy Farm International Holdings (DFI) and is headquartered in
Shah Alam, Selagor. In this paper, firstly we focus our analysis in identifying the Strength–
Weaknesses–Opportunities–Threats (SWOT) of Giant; in addition, we constructed a SWOT Matrix
for Giant where we identified the SO, ST, WO and WT strategies, which we think Giant should
apply to improve their competitiveness. Next we focus our analysis on the external as well as the
internal analysis on Giant. In the external analysis, we center our ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Giant store brand was founded by the Teng family as a simple grocery store in one of the
suburbs of Kuala Lumpur in 1944. Its mission was to offer a wide variety of products at the lowest
possible prices. As its reputation grew, so did its business.
Dairy Farm, which acquired Giant in 1999, recognized that the key to Giant's success had been its
ability to continuously offer value for money products. It retained this core principle even as it
began transforming Giant into a national and international brand.
After six years of effort, which included redesigning the stores, the introduction of the non–food
products into the Giant hypermarkets, the implementation of international retail standards that
includes safety, cleanliness, structured training, and a vibrant shopping environment as well as
centralized buying functions and improved operations, Dairy Farm has made Giant the undisputed
leader in Malaysia's retail sector.
In 1999, the first Giant Hypermarket store opened in Shah Alam, Selangor. By 2007, the company
had grown to operate a total of 85 hypermarkets/ supermarkets in Malaysia with outlet size ranging
from the 350,000 sq. ft hypermarket in Shah Alam to the 11,000 sq. ft supermarket in Bangsar,
Kuala Lumpur. The chain also includes 7 stores in Singapore and 15 hypermarkets in Indonesia.
Giant hypermarkets offer a wide range of local merchandise, such as fresh local fruits, vegetables,
and seafood within a wet market environment.

Walmart China
HKU984 ALI FARHOOMAND WAL–MART IN CHINA (2012) Introduction Summer was making
its picture–perfect debut in New South Wales that day in October 2011, but Mr Greg Foran hardly
noticed. Newly hired away from his role as head of Australia's leading supermarket chain,
Woolworth's Supermarket Division, he was set to work as a senior vice president at Wal–Mart
International, the fastest growing division of the world's largest retailer, Wal–Mart Corporation.
However, what exactly he would be doing was still open to discussion. It was not until the sudden
and somewhat mysterious departure of Mr Ed Chan, the president of Wal–Mart China, that Foran's
new role suddenly emerged. That Australian summer, far from the approaching winter back in ...
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There was a marked improvement in China's economy. To further increase and attract foreign
investment, the Chinese government increased its numbers of experimental, special economic–
zoned cities in which foreigners could operate a business. There were, however, restrictions set
forward by the government. One restriction in 1996 was that all foreign businesses would have to be
in a joint venture or other type of cooperative agreement with at least one Chinese partner, with that
Chinese partner getting a stake greater than 51%. In August 1995, Wal–Mart, the great American
retail chain and Middle America success story, arrived in China, establishing a joint venture with
Shenzhen International Fiduciary Investment Co, Ltd, China. In the following year, 1996, Wal–Mart
opened its first supercentre and a Sam's Club, its members–only big–box store, in the special
economic zone of Shenzhen, in the southernmost Guangdong Province. However, it took the
Chinese government's removal of further trade restrictions for foreign retailers in 2004 for Wal–Mart
to kick–start its expansion plans. Three years later, in 2007, Wal–Mart acquired a 35% stake in
Trust–Mart, a Taiwanese–owned chain of retail supercentres operating in the Middle Kingdom. By 5
August 2010, Wal–Mart's presence in China grew to 189 units in 101 Chinese cities, with the
creation of over 50,000 local jobs. By early 2012, Wal–Mart nearly doubled its

The Organization Structure of Walmart
Organization structure of Wal–Mart
Introduction
The Wal–Mart was founded by Sam Walton in 1962 in 719 Walnut Avenue in Rogers, Arkansas.
Today there are 706 stores that are running in the USA offering competitive prices and good
shopping experience to millions of Americans across the USA. The size of and average store,
according to Wal–Mart Corporate (2011a) is 108,000 square feet and has an employee base of about
225 people.
Wal–Mart is said to have one of the most efficient merchandise replenishment mechanism that take
no more than 48 hours to replenish hence offering the customers and all round supply and
availability of stock, or delivery period that is less than 48 hours.
Wal–Mart engages in selling sustainable merchandise that is strict on the lifespan observation. There
is a strict observation of the quality from the manufacturing materials and standards to the storage
and the ultimate consumption ad use by the consumer. Wal–Mart low cost pricing strategy is based
on consolidation and aggressive takeover of other chain stores hence having an advantage over the
competitors. Due its higher sales revenue margins and an increasing drive to maximize shareholders
value, Wal–Mart time and again moves its stores to bigger towns, for example, acquisition of French
hypermarket giants Casino and Auchan, and Mycal a Japanese supermarket.
According to Walmart Corporate (2011b) Wal–Mart as well believes in and observes the
environmental conservation and provide the

Carrefour vs Walmart
Wal–Mart Stores (WMT) Founders Facts and Trivia: On May 9, 1950, Sam Walton opened up
Walton 's 5&10 in Bentonville, Arkansas. The first store with the Wal–Mart name was opened in
1962 in Rogers, AR, financed 95% by Sam Walton himself. Wal–Mart 's Headquarters: The
corporate headquarters of the world 's largest retail company, Wal–Mart, are located in Bentonville,
AR, where founder Sam Walton started it all. The Mission Statement and Purpose of Wal–Mart
(WMT) Wal–Mart 's advertised mission statement and its advertising slogan are the same: "We save
people money so they can live better." In addition to this mission statement, the company looks to its
founder, Sam Walton for a company "purpose": "If we work ... Show more content on
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economy towards sustainability in the last five years. Walmart 's 2011 Global Responsibility Report,
published last week, makes clear that despite the recession and some recently rough going for the
company –– lately its stock has lagged the S&P500 –– Walmart is pushing ahead towards its big
goals: To generate no waste, to be 100 percent–powered by renewable energy and to sell lots more
products that sustain people and the environment. Yet a closer look at the report demonstrates that
there are limits to what any company, even one as vast as Walmart, can do. Most of its
environmental gains have come from doing what Walmart has always done very well –– driving
efficiency in its stores and supply chain. When sustainable initiatives cost more money, as they
sometimes do, progress has been halting. Still, Walmart deserves at least two cheers, maybe two–
and–half for its efforts, particularly in the current, dispiriting political climate. As Elizabeth
Sturcken of the Environmental Defense Fund, which works closely with Walmart, told me:
Leadership on environmental issues is coming from Bentonville these days, not from Washington.
Some people in Washington want to roll back basic environmental protection on clean air and clean
water, saying it 's bad for business. Our work with Walmart proves that 's not true ... Generally, all
the signs that I see are full speed ahead. Andrea Thomas, who has led Walmart 's sustainability work
for the past six months, made a

SWOT analysis of Walmart
"People think we got big by putting big stores in small towns. Really, we got big by replacing
inventory with information." Sam Walton, Founder of Wal–Mart
SWOT analysis of Walmart This is Walmart Stores Inc. SWOT analysis for 2013. For more
information on how to do SWOT analysis please refer to our article.
Company background
Name Wal–Mart Stores Inc.
Industries served Retail
Geographic areas served Worldwide
Headquarters Bentonville, US
Current CEO Mike Duke
Revenue $ 466.950 billion (2012)
Profit $ 15.699 billion (2012)
Employees 2.2 million (2012)
Main Competitors Costco Wholesale Corporation, Dollar General Corporation, Dollar Tree, Inc.,
Kohl 's Corporation, Macy 's Inc, Sears Holdings ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition to litigation costs, corporate's reputation has been damaged and fewer skilled workers are
willing to work for it.
2. High employee turnover. The business suffers from high employee turnover that increases firm's
costs, as it has to train new employees more often. The main reason for high employee turnover is
low skilled, poorly paid jobs.
3. Little differentiation. Walmart has no differentiation compared to its competitors, which might
hurt the company in the future if commodity prices or average consumer income would increase. In
this case, low cost leadership strategy wouldn't be as effective as it currently is and Walmart's main
competitive advantage would erode.
4. Negative publicity. The company is often criticized for its questionable practices such as bribery
of authorities or poor work conditions. Negative publicity damages corporate's reputation.
Opportunities
1. Retail market growth in emerging markets. Retail markets grew by at least 5% on average in
emerging markets in the last year, opening huge opportunities for Walmart's revenue growth. The
business currently operates in Brazil, Mexico, China and India markets. Walmart should increase its
presence in these markets to sustain future growth.
2. Rising acceptance of own label products. The sales of private label products have increased by
more than 40% over the last 10 years. This reveals increasing consumer acceptance of supermarket
chain

Wal Mart Company Overview Essay
"Basic History Overview"
Wal–Mart's history is one of innovation, leadership and success. It started with a single store in
Rogers, Arkansas in 1962 and has grown to what is now the world's largest – and arguably, the most
emulated – retailer. Some researchers refer to Wal–Mart as the industry trendsetter. Today, this
retailing pioneer has annual revenues of over $100 billion, 3,000 stores and more than 750,000
employees worldwide. Wal–Mart operates each store, from the products it stocks, to the front–end
equipment that helps speed checkout, with the same philosophy: provide everyday low prices and
superior customer service. Lower prices also eliminate the expense of frequent sales promotions and
sales are more predictable. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What tactics has it used to become a major global retailer?
Wal–Mart's success is mainly based on its concentration of a single–business strategy. This strategy
has achieved enviable success over the last three decades without relying upon diversification to
sustain its growth and competitive advantages. In a sense, Wal–Mart's low prices, service, and smile
are their leading marketing strategies. However, there is risk in this strategy, because concentration
on a single–business strategy is similar to "putting all of a firm's eggs in one industry basket". On
the business side, Wal–Mart is the country's most sophisticated retailer in terms of using information
systems. Their cross–docking inventory and transportation services able them to have the goods
needed by the consumer at all times. In order for Wal–Mart to become a major global retailer, they
have closely examined and utilized tactics to profit from their many stores. One great tactic is
starting free–trade–zone distribution centers, in turn, saving almost $500,000 annually. Another
tactic includes their service from when you walk in the store to when you leave. Also, their bread
and butter is again the technology they utilize. They can track how much of one item has been sold
on any giving day, and if not a hot commodity at one store, they will ship it out to another where it is
being sold much faster.
2. Can Wal–Mart sustain its competitive advantage in global retailing?

Tesco E-Business Strategy
Electronic business (e–business) can be defined as the use of the internet to network and empower
business processes, electronic commerce, organizational communication and collaboration within a
company and with its customers, suppliers, and other stakeholders. E–businesses utilise the internet,
intranets, extranets and other networks to support their commercial processes (Colin Combe, 2006).
Companies go online to engage in advertising, buying and selling of products and services. Due to
the increased competitiveness in the hypermarket industry, the adoption of e–business has helped
companies gain a competitive edge over their peers in terms of reduced costs, increased revenue
streams and greater customer satisfaction. Operational costs such ... Show more content on
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The company was also the first UK retailer to register profits of more than £2 billion. This is hardly
surprising given that for every £8 spent by UK consumers, £1 will be spent in Tesco. Part of the
reason for the success of Tesco has been the ability of the managers at the company to determine
exactly what their customers want and provide it quickly, efficiently, conveniently and at low cost.
The company has been able to draw customers away from rivals whilst consolidating their grip on
the loyalty of their existing customers. Tesco has been able to use the value of the brand to enter the
financial services market successfully. Where rivals have struggled to make much impression
against traditional financial services retailers, Tesco has used the brand effectively to offer a range of
services such as savings accounts, travel and motor insurance, and loan facilities. There has also
been an internet mortgage–finder service. A partnership agreement with the Royal Bank of Scotland
ensured that customers received a quality service that they could trust. However, one of the most
risk–bearing and adventurous initiatives adopted by Tesco was

Impact Of Globalization Of Walmart
1. Introduction to Wal–Mart: Wal–Mart is a multinational retail company founded by Sam Walton
and now managed by his eldest son, S. Robson Walton. Founded in 1962, it grew rapidly in
Arkansas, then dominated all the United States and began to internationalize in 1991. Wal–Mart is
now targeting the Asian market. Established in China since 1996, the group employed some more
than 100,000 workers in 419 stores and 20 distribution centers. It also operates in Japan. In 2013, 20
million customers visited Wal–Mart stores on average each day in all over the world. In 2015, with a
sales volume of $ 476 billion, Wal–Mart became the world's largest company in terms of revenue. It
employs 2.3 million people working in more than 11,000 supermarkets ... Show more content on
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 The American continent: the first attempt to attain the international market, an expansion was
made in a bordering country which is Mexico. For this Wal–Mart has established a joint venture.
Subsequently, the group has established in Puerto Rico, Brazil and Argentina, in parallel with the
Latino America market. The company has also invested in Canada since it is a close market in terms
of commercial policy.  The Asian continent: Wal–Mart's strategy on this continent concerns major
markets such as Japan and China. The penetration was done due to the joining system. Indeed, the
culture and the Chinese legislation was being so significantly different, the implantation without
changing the American business concepts would have been too risky.  The European continent:
The organization has established in Europe in two countries, England and Germany. A same strategy
of penetration was settled for both countries but two contrary results. A huge success for the first,
thanks to a very close culture between the two countries, the political American commercial was
enough to conquer this British market. For the second country, Germany, the failure was flagrant.
Hard discount being already very developed, it was so difficult for Wal–Mart to find his clientele
that the giant withdrew from this market

Rfid at the Metro Group
Retail Industry Facts
– Major players include Wal–Mart, Tesco of United Kingdom and Carrefour of France
– The market is mature and continually seeks innovative ideas to enhance competitive advantage
– Highly capital intensive
– Low to moderate labor intensiveness
– Low margin; high volume – they take advantage of economies of scale
– Characterized by high volume holding capacity controlled through Information Technology
Company Facts
– Metro Group was Germany's biggest retailer (250 stores, 10 warehouses, 100 suppliers) that
operates globally in 6 divisions: Metro Cash & Carry (wholesale), Retail (hypermarkets), Extra
(supermarkets), Media Market and Saturn (consumer electronics), Praktiker (building materials),
Galeria Kaufhof ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
ngths (Metro) o More economies of scale o Global recognition and success o Moving in a positive
direction with innovative technologies o Substantial financial resources, can create leverage o Works
well with other companies in implementing new technology o Can create serious investments to
pioneer new technological infrastructure and processes
– Weaknesses (Metro) o Margins may be lowered due to competitive giants such as Wal Mart o The
cost advantages that METRO will possess with RFID will soon be gone due to competitors utilizing
the same technology o Virtually no places to expand without confronting competition head on o
Limits of low cost sales o Rivalry with other Retailers causes unnecessary contention
– Opportunities (Metro) o Competitive advantage if they are first to successfully implement the
RFID system at the case level
– Threats (Metro) o Wal–Mart has already begun to implement the RFID system with a high degree
of success
Supply Chain Analysis – Qualitative
– Potential RFID benefits in METRO's supply chain
– Improved inventory data accuracy o Reduction in reverse logistics/returns o Reduction in
inventory (backroom, lower obsolescence) o Reduction in obsolescence o Improved on–shelf
availability o Reduction of out–of–stock items, o 9% to 14% reduction in stock outs due to products
being in the backroom and not on the selling floor o Improved replenishment o Store labor
productivity improvement o Reduced substitute purchases from

What Is The Political Factors Of Tesco
1. INTRODUCTION OF THE COMPANY
Tesco Public Limited Company is one of the largest companies known worldwide, they are the
multinational grocery and general stores that has many branches around the Europe as well as Asia.
They have been labeled as the grocery market leader in the UK and the third biggest retailer due to
its profit measures. Tesco was originally founded in the year 1919. The founder of Tesco was a
person by the name Sir John Edward Cohen or also known as Jack Cohen, he was a market stall
holder in Hackney, London and soon started a wholesale business.
Not until the year 1924, Jack Cohen officially created the Tesco brand name from a tea supplier
initials, by the letters, T & E Stock well, and combine the T E with his first two ... Show more
Threats of New Entrants
2. Power of Buyers
3. Power of Suppliers
4. Threat of Substitutes
5. Competitive Rivalry
Tesco Company will have to analyze all of these 5 forces of competition threats to see whether they
have a strong competition that can easily compete their company.
2.1 Threat of New Entrants
A new entrant is when a new business companies will enter the market and start up their own market
sales in that country. A fresh company that set up will gain a lot of recognition from consumers who
are eager to purchase it.
Tesco biggest New Entrants threats is new market such as Giant supermarket. Giant is Malaysian's
own local hypermarket. This already gain consumer's expectation as Giant knows what the locals
want more than Tesco. What makes Giant different from tesco is that they have direct selling
product from the manufacturers they make their own product brands and thus save the cost of
production.
Threat with new entrants has strong force upon Tesco Company, as they will have to monitor closely
their upcoming competitors, so that they can provide better strategy.
2.1 Threat of

Characteristics Of Hard Discount Retailers

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