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Parkinsonizm
Dr Mehmet Güney ŞENOL
Dr Mehmet Güney ŞENOL
E-mail: mgsenol@yahoo.com
Tel: +902165422020 – 3803
Sunum Planı
• Patofizyoloji
• Tanı
• Klasifikasyon
• Görüntüleme
Dopaminerjik Sinaps
Hücresel cevap
D3
D2
D3
Dopamin
Taşıyıcı
D1A
D2D4
•
••
•
•
• •
•
• •
•
•
•
• •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Tyrozin
L-Dopa
Dopamin
•
••
•
DaTSCAN
Beyin Bankası Kriterleri
• Basamak 1
Parkinson sendromunun tanısı
• Basamak 2
İdiopatik parkinson hastalığının dışlanması
• Basamak 3
İdiopatik parkinson hastalığını destekleyici
kriterler
Basamak 1-Parkinson
sendromunun tanısı
• Bradikinezi + en az 1 tane takip eden kriter
• Kas rijiditesi
• 4 –6 Hz İstirahat tremoru
• Postural instabilite
Basamak 2-dışlama kriterleri
• Tekrarlayan inme
• Tekrarlayan kafa travması
• Ensefalit tanısı konulması
• Serebellar belirtiler
• Erken otonomik tutulum
• Supranükleer bakış felci
• Nöroleptik ilaçlar
• Levodopaya cevapsızlık
Basamak 3-olumlu destekleyici
kriterler
• [>3 ‘kesin’ PH ]
• Tek taraflı başlangıç
• İstirahat tremoru
• İlerleme
• Israr eden asimetri
• Mükemmel levodopa cevabı
• Levodopa ilişkili kore
• Levodopa cevabı >=5 yıl
• Klinik gidiş >= 10 yıl
Tanının doğruluğu
• Beyin bankası post mortem serileri
• % 24 hata oranı
• % 10 sonraki çalışmalarda
• % 2 hareket bozuklukları uzmanı
• Topluluk serileri
• > % 50 hata oranı
Tanı doğru mu?
• PH tanısı konması zor
• Tanı için test yok
• Tanı klinik olarak yapılıyor
• DAT spect incelemesi kısıtlı
• Hata oranı yüksek nörologlar arasında %25
• Takip ve tanıyı gözden geçirme önemli
• Kalsiyum kanal blokerleri (diltiazem, nifedipine, verapamil),
• Manoamin baskılayıcılar (reserpine, tetrabenazine),
• Antiaritmikler (amiodarone),
• Antikonvulzanlar (phenytoin, sodium valproate),
• İmmunsupresan veya kemoterpötikler (cyclosporine,
vincristine, busulfan, cytosine arabinoside, doxorubicin),
• Lityum, prokain, α-metildopa, klorokin, buspirone, ve yüksek
doz diazepam
• Gizli nöroleptik – metoklopromid, proklorperazine
Dopamin Transport Görüntüleme
•Parkinson hastalığı
•Progressif Supranükleer
Palsi
•Multi Sistem Atrofi
•Esensiyal Tremor
•Nöroleptik İlişkili
Parkinsonizm
•Vasküler hastalıklar
Anormal Normal
Sorulacak 9 soru
• Bulgular simetrik başlamış mı?
• Aile öyküsü var mı?
• İlaç
• Ortostatik hipotansiyon inkontinans impotans
• Piramidal bulgu
• Erken postural instabilite
• Bakış felci
• Erken başlangıçlı demans, apraksi var mı?
• Levodopaya cevap var mı?

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Parkinsonism, classification and differential diagnosis.

  • 2. Dr Mehmet Güney ŞENOL E-mail: mgsenol@yahoo.com Tel: +902165422020 – 3803
  • 3. Sunum Planı • Patofizyoloji • Tanı • Klasifikasyon • Görüntüleme
  • 4.
  • 5. Dopaminerjik Sinaps Hücresel cevap D3 D2 D3 Dopamin Taşıyıcı D1A D2D4 • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Tyrozin L-Dopa Dopamin • •• • DaTSCAN
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9. Beyin Bankası Kriterleri • Basamak 1 Parkinson sendromunun tanısı • Basamak 2 İdiopatik parkinson hastalığının dışlanması • Basamak 3 İdiopatik parkinson hastalığını destekleyici kriterler
  • 10. Basamak 1-Parkinson sendromunun tanısı • Bradikinezi + en az 1 tane takip eden kriter • Kas rijiditesi • 4 –6 Hz İstirahat tremoru • Postural instabilite
  • 11. Basamak 2-dışlama kriterleri • Tekrarlayan inme • Tekrarlayan kafa travması • Ensefalit tanısı konulması • Serebellar belirtiler • Erken otonomik tutulum • Supranükleer bakış felci • Nöroleptik ilaçlar • Levodopaya cevapsızlık
  • 12. Basamak 3-olumlu destekleyici kriterler • [>3 ‘kesin’ PH ] • Tek taraflı başlangıç • İstirahat tremoru • İlerleme • Israr eden asimetri • Mükemmel levodopa cevabı • Levodopa ilişkili kore • Levodopa cevabı >=5 yıl • Klinik gidiş >= 10 yıl
  • 13. Tanının doğruluğu • Beyin bankası post mortem serileri • % 24 hata oranı • % 10 sonraki çalışmalarda • % 2 hareket bozuklukları uzmanı • Topluluk serileri • > % 50 hata oranı
  • 14. Tanı doğru mu? • PH tanısı konması zor • Tanı için test yok • Tanı klinik olarak yapılıyor • DAT spect incelemesi kısıtlı • Hata oranı yüksek nörologlar arasında %25 • Takip ve tanıyı gözden geçirme önemli
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20. • Kalsiyum kanal blokerleri (diltiazem, nifedipine, verapamil), • Manoamin baskılayıcılar (reserpine, tetrabenazine), • Antiaritmikler (amiodarone), • Antikonvulzanlar (phenytoin, sodium valproate), • İmmunsupresan veya kemoterpötikler (cyclosporine, vincristine, busulfan, cytosine arabinoside, doxorubicin), • Lityum, prokain, α-metildopa, klorokin, buspirone, ve yüksek doz diazepam • Gizli nöroleptik – metoklopromid, proklorperazine
  • 21.
  • 22. Dopamin Transport Görüntüleme •Parkinson hastalığı •Progressif Supranükleer Palsi •Multi Sistem Atrofi •Esensiyal Tremor •Nöroleptik İlişkili Parkinsonizm •Vasküler hastalıklar Anormal Normal
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29. Sorulacak 9 soru • Bulgular simetrik başlamış mı? • Aile öyküsü var mı? • İlaç • Ortostatik hipotansiyon inkontinans impotans • Piramidal bulgu • Erken postural instabilite • Bakış felci • Erken başlangıçlı demans, apraksi var mı? • Levodopaya cevap var mı?