It is power point about nitturion requirements in our daily diet

1. TITLE: Nutrition Requirment
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2. At the end of this chapter, you should be able to:
• Understand the basic terms of nutritional requirements that
are important for establishing intake of a nutrient in
population
• Know what are the DRI’s, RDA, EARs, AI &Uls
• Why do we need to know nutritional requirements of an
individual or group ?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

3. Nutritional requirement
Definition
• The amount of nutrient from food that allows an individual to
maintain normal physiological and structural functions,
replenish storage levels and maintain circulating levels of a
nutrient.
• This definition does not included additional need for
pathological and physiological conditions which demand an
additional intake (eg. Illness, exercise, pregnancy).
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5. Nutrition
Biochemical utilization
: How it’s metabolized
by the body to
provide energy
What Is Nutrition ?
Composition and quantity of food intake by
living organisms.
Biochemical utilizationof food.
Human nutrition is divided into three
areas:
1. Under-nutrition (nutrient
deficiency)
2. Over-nutrition (excessive nutrient
intake)
3. Optimal nutrition (balanced
nutrient intake)
 The Ideal condition
Nutrition means
whatever you eat and
the quality and
amounts of it ..
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6. Malnutrition
Assessment of malnutrition
Malnutrition in humans is measured by:
Dietary intake studies: identify people with deficient diets
Biochemical studies: identify subclinical nutritional
deficiencies
Clinical symptoms: identify clinical nutritional deficiencies
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)
 What is it ? Quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes
required to prevent deficiencies and maintain optimal
health in populations
Recommended by: Food and Nutrition Board of the
National Research Council, USA
In malnutrition either the
composition of nutrients or
amount is impaired
To assess dietary intake
studies we have to study the
results of 24 hours food
recall survey of a healthy
selected population and
submit the results as the
normal amounts of nutrient
should be taken per day ..
In biochemical studies it
depends in biochemical
investigations of some
nutrients as vitamins..
where the individual has no
clinical symptoms – looks
healthy while having a
deficiency
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7. Function of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)
• Health promotion
• Prevention of nutrient deficiencies
• Reduction of chronic diseases
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DRIs Encompass Several Reference Values

9. Dietary Reference Intakes
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10. DRIs: 4 sets of values
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Dietary Reference Intakes
(DRIs)
estimated to
meet the needs
of 50% of healthy
individuals
within a gender
and life-stage
group
Recommended
Daily
Allowances
(RDAs)
Adequate
Intakes
(AIs)
Tolerable
Upper Intake
Levels
(ULs)
Estimated
Average
Requirements
(EARs)
sufficient to
meet the needs
of
healthy
individuals
within a gender
and life-stage
group
used when not
enough data are
available to set
RDAs
maximum daily
intake to avoid
adverse effects
for almost all
individuals
within a gender
and life-stage
group

11. Melese. S 11

12. Purpose of RDAs, EARs, and ULs
• EAR:
• Evaluate nutrient intake of populations.
• RDA:
• Goals for individual intake.
• UL:
• Helps individuals prevent nutrient toxicities.
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13. How is nutritional requirement expressed
Nutritional requirement can be expressed as :
• Dietary reference values (DRV)
• Reference nutrient intake (RNI)
• Recommended Daily allowance (RDA)
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14. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)
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15. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)
1) Estimated Average
Requirement (EAR)
The average daily amount of
nutrient intake estimated to
meet the nutritional
requirement of half of the
healthy individuals (50%) in
an age and gender group
IF we have a population of
1000 individuals, then the
EAR is going to be 500
( halve of the population )
and based on that we come
up with average number.
RDA
1. Pregnant female
2. Lactating
3. Eldery
4. Children and athelets
2) Recommended
Dietary Allowance
(RDA)
The amount of nutrient
intake that is sufficient to
meet the nutritional
requirement of nearly all
(97-98%) healthy
individuals in a group
RDA is two SD above EAR
RDA = EAR + 2 SD
If EAR of a
certain nutrient
was 24 mg and
the standard
deviation was ±4
then how much
is the RDA ??
24 + 2 x 4 = 32
mg
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16. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)
3) Adequate Intake (AI) 4) Tolerable Upper
Intake Level (UL)
It is used instead of EAR and
RDA if:
A nutrient is considered
essential but the experimental
data are inadequate for
determining EAR and RDA
AI covers the nutritional
requirement of all individuals in
a group with approximation
due to insufficient data
The highest level of daily
nutrient intake that has no
adverse health effects or
toxicity in almost all
individuals
Over estimation of a group of
population. The experts set
with data that are available
and compute with higher
number.. Such as when the
study lacks biochemical
studies ..
- Forevery nutrient
we have to set a
number limits so
we don’t develop
toxicity
- If you crossed the
UL THE RISKS for
developing toxicity
increase, but you
DON’T develop
toxicity. To develop
toxicity you have
to go much higher
than UL for longer
time.
If the nutrients intake is
equal to or less than the
EAR ( not good )
- If the nutrients intake is
less than RDA but between
EAR and AI ( better )
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17. )
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range
(AMDRs )
• 45-65% of calories from Carbohydrates
• 10 to 35% of calories from Protein
• 20 to 35% of calories from Lipids
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18. The purpose of the AMDRs is to
• Make recommendations for the proportions of fats,
carbohydrates and proteins that make up a healthy diet.
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Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges(AMDRs)

20. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR)
 Range of adequate intake of a macronutrient
associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases
AMDR
If the diet is modified
according to these
percentages the individual
will have lower risk to
develop chronic diseases
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21. Why do we need to know nutritional requirements of an individual
or group ?
Diagnostic reasons: mainly to
• identify whether a group or an individual is suffering from
malnutrition of any kind; for example
• to evaluate nutritional intervention programmes
• to determine whether the food available in the stock is
adequate to feed the household or nation for a certain duration
of time.
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22. Prescriptive reasons: that is,
• to provide or dispense food supplies; for example:
• to procure food for national consumption
• to secure food for institutional consumption
• to run nutritional supplementation programmes.
• To plan for therapeutic program
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23. What factors need to be considered in estimating nutritional
requirement?
In order to estimate nutritional requirements of individuals
or groups, we need to consider the
following factors:
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24. :
• Physical activity — whether a person is engaged in heavy
physical activity
• The age and sex of the individual or group
• Body size and composition — what the general build is of a
person or group
• Climate — whether a person or group is living in hot or cold
climate
• Physiological states, such as pregnancy and lactation.
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25. Principles of estimating nutritional requirement
• The nutritional requirements of a certain group of population
is normally distributed
• Nutrient requirement of an individual within a group is
determined by the distribution the group requirements.
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26. Cont…
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Lower reference nutrient
intake(LRNI)
Reference nutrient intake
Estimated average
requirement(EAR)
Zone of deficiency Zone of Toxicity
-1SD
-2SD
-3SD +1SD +3SD
+2SD
Mean

27. Cut-off values
• Requirement for micronutrients == safelevel intak= Mean ±
2SD ( Between RNI and LRNI
• Requirement for energy is == Estimated average requirement
(EAR)
• Requirement for protein is == Safe level intake (RNI)
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29. Safe range intakes
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31. Examples to Illustrate DRIs
• Vitamin C
• Has an EAR
• Has an RDA
• Has a UL
• Important yet not much is
known
• Calcium
• No EAR
• Has an AI
• Has a UL
• Important but controversial

33. GROUP Members
No name ID/NO
1 Melaku Kebede RU 1380/12
2 Abdilrehman Sultan RU 202/12
3 Amanuel Dessalegn RU 1174/12
4 Elsae Tafesse RU 2166/12

34. THANK YOU
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