The document discusses a study on the interference of American beech with the regeneration of red maple and sugar maple in forests. The study examined seed and root sprout production from 2004-2010 and 2011-2015 in plots under continuous beech, plots where beech had been removed, and control plots. It found that beech bark disease and beech's production of root sprouts inhibited the regeneration of the maple species over the study period.

1. Beech Interference with Maple Regeneration
Future Change in Forest Composition
Daniel Hong (Ruth Yanai)
VS.
American Beech (Fagus grandifolia)
Red Maple (Acer rubrum)
Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum)
- Seed & root sprouts
- Beech bark disease
- Root injuries
Images from Missouri State Univ.
You suck!
Do you mean I
promote suckers?
2004~2010

2. Beech Interference with Maple Regeneration
Future Change in Forest Composition
Daniel Hong (Ruth Yanai)
VS.
- Seed & root sprouts
- Beech bark disease
- Root injuries
Images from Missouri State Univ.
You suck!
Do you mean I
promote suckers?
2004~2010
2011
2015

3. 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
AverageCountper2mx2mPlot
Cont. N P NP Ca
American Beech
Red Maple
Sugar Maple
‘04~’10 ’11 ‘15 ‘04~’10 ’11 ‘15 ‘04~’10 ’11 ‘15 ‘04~’10 ’11 ‘15 ‘04~’10 ’11 ‘15