The Causes Of Witchcraft

The Causes Of Witchcraft
The human mind has always tried to grapple with inconsistencies, misfortunes, and differences.
Without true success, humans have pinpointed possible influences and causes of misfortunes or
tragedies within their communities. For many people in the 1600's, witchcraft was a possible answer
to a lack of success in pinpointing the cause of tragedies. Gossip was the the primary root in all such
instances of witchcraft, weaving stories and accusations in private. These accusations of witchcraft
did not end in the 17th century, but now hide under pseudonyms such as "different" or "outsider" in
this day and age. The Lisbon sisters and Janie from The Virgin Suicides and Their Eyes Were
Watching God, respectively, are modern day examples of how gossip can catalyze witch–hunts to
persecute and incite violence upon women who differ from the status quo. Janie and the Lisbon
sisters possess many characteristics often attributed to witches: sexual deviance, religious discord,
and they are each outsiders in their community. Witch craft is heavily influenced by rumor and
gossip in the sense that witchcraft would not exist without rumor and gossip to be fear leaders in
witch–hunts. The fear that gossip and rumor bring about in a community often snowballs into acts of
irrevocable violence and sometimes death, as is the case in The Virgin Suicides. Women have
always been the targets of witch hunts for two main reasons: one being that men were perceived as
stronger than women, and therefore,
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Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents By Julia Alvarez Character...
Julia Alvarez How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents is a novel that touches on the cultural
acclimation of four young Dominican women. On how the struggle on gaining their own identity in
a different culture and develop into womanhood. The four Garcia girls did not share in most of the
more typical immigrant experiences due to their wealth they had from back home. Although they did
not have a typical background, the Garcia girls story show the struggles of the Dominican
immigrants in the United States trying to gain their identity in a different culture. The novel takes
readers through a time–reversing journey of the immigrant family and shows the many difficulties
they faced with the differences between American and Dominican cultures. ... Show more content
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The girls being so young were much more vulnerable to influences from the American culture, while
their parents specially Papi, were much more determined to keep in Dominican values. As the girls
began assimilating the culture, they got into more and more trouble for wanting to increasingly take
on the American ways. In some of their many experiences Fifi got in trouble for smoking, and Carla
was in trouble for using hair–removal cream. Yolanda was put on the hot seat for bringing a book on
the female body into the house, and Sandi was reprimanded for not being back from a 'study session'
by the next morning (110–111). All these experiences are normal to a life–long young female
resident of the United States, but they were direct violations of the Garcia family's roots and values.
The girls, however, were not the only ones with assimilation problems, like her daughters Mami
wanted to play a role in her new home; she was very unsatisfied with her recent transition from
practically Dominican royalty to an American middle–class housewife. Laura begins inventing new
household gadgets, though she receives no support from her family. Her ideas like the picnicker's
can opener on the car bumper never came to be, and she settled for simply supporting her daughters
in their

Playtex Ad Comparison Essay
Two similar ads were found in People magazine relating to the subject of a woman's menstrual
cycle. Every girl dreads this time of the month, which is why these ads are featured. What kind of
coverage the individual wishes to adhere is completely connected to their daily priorities. It is
important because each Miss has her own opinion and different comfort levels to relate and look for.
There is the Playtex ad, exclaiming the sport level protection that is comfortable, while the Tampax
brand emphasizes relaxing protection anywhere you desire to explore. The Playtex and Tampax ads
attempt to sell tampons and pads to young women. They attract potential buyers by providing a
delightful image in the center of the page. Both brands are complying light colors and active scenes.
The two ads attempt to bring attention that their products insist in comfort, while all women find it
hard to be comfortable during this time. The main titles of the interacting advertisements are both in
capital letters. Also, the companies reach out to women by involving an emotional ... Show more
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This ad also is more convincing. There is a woman with a smile on her face in action. The woman is
showing off one of her skateboard tricks. This ad expresses that you can still have some hardcore
fun while on your period. It the also represents the skateboarder with long hair, hinting that it is
indeed a women's product. It's noticeable that she skateboards regularly, due to it being bite chipped
off the ends. The Playtex ad also promotes talking briefly about the product. Expressing that it has
"a Qwik–Dry Absorbent Core to keep you felling fresh." It targets more of the athletic females,
which if it can help women who are active, then it concludes to be perfect for all women. This gives
women potential faith in enjoying regular activities. It being more realistic results in achieving the
goal of more

Procter and Gamble Financial Review
TABLE OF CONTENTS A. Industry and Sector Overview 2 1. External Analysis 3 a. Technology 3
b. Demographic 3 c. International Exposure 4 2. Economic Indicators 4 a. GDP Growth 4 b.
Household Income 4 c. Foreign Exchange Risk 4 3. Competition within Sector 4 B. Procter and
Gamble: Company Analysis 6 1. Activities and Products 6 2. Strategic Position and Competition 7 3.
Financial Analysis 8 a. Review of Business Segments 8  Health Care 8  Fabric and Home Care 8
 Baby, Feminine and Family Care 8  Beauty Care 8  Food and Beverage 9 b. Operating Results
of Procter and Gamble 9  Volume and Net Sales 9  Net Earnings 9  Operating Costs 9 c.
Financial Performance 10  Profitability Analysis 10  Investment ... Show more content on
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The industry and the sector can be classified as being in a mature state. Despite this, many
companies in the sector are able to achieve higher profit margins due to strong brand name
recognition, innovative products and good marketing techniques. A trend observed in this industry
was to focus on primary strengths rather than on diversification strategies, which was the case in
1990s. This allowed many companies to sell off their non–profitable businesses and for others
acquiring of cash cows. Procter and Gamble followed the suite when it acquired Clairol. 1. External
Analysis The primary factors that influence the home product sector are technological change,
demographic change and international issues. a. Technology As the industry relies heavily on
product development so the participants must keep up to date on technological advancements. If a
company within the industry fails to invest heavily in research and development it can easily lose its
competitive advantage. Because of the constant information gathering and the continued search for
better technology in research and production, the industry in which Procter and Gamble operates
would be considered a highly information intensive and information technology intensive industry.
This is one of the strong points in case of Procter and Gamble. The

Lil-Lets Case
1994: In the 1994 campaign for Lil–lets tampons, which repositioned the brand and reversed decline
in brand share in the face of: declining market due to increased competition from towels, health
scares associated with tampons, and an aggressive competitor (Tampax). This TV campaign was the
first to be passed by the ITC for screening before the 9pm `watershed'. New strategy based on idea
of `discretion': to affect not only the product but also the manner of communication in packaging
and advertising (qualitative research revealed the problem areas). Discretion became a unique brand
value. TV spend was much lower than competition.
1993: Understanding the target audience and finding the 'right tone of voice' was key to the planning
of an advertising campaign for Lil–lets tampons. Its aim was to recruit girls aged 11–15 to the brand,
encouraging users to persevere even if they found it difficult at first. Research found humour and
openness were the most successful tones, which in turn allowed the creative solution to take a
bolder, more positive and less clichéd attitude.
MARCOMS budget from the past
Lil–lets spends 20% of its marketing budget annually on research and conducts four research
initiatives a year. The brand focusses ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While most of these experiences are arguably universal to being human, they are repeatedly invoked
to support a very limited idea of what it means to be a woman. Just as the experience of motherhood
has nothing to do with my understanding of my own womanhood, other women might relate much
more to the image of a champion body builder than two giggling girls on a bed (Lil–lets reveals the
truths that drive SA women when buying personal products,

Movie Analysis : ' Superman '
Memories are hard. There was a time when you made her smile and your world lit up and you knew
you loved her. A time when you'd leave for a trip and couldn't contact her, but every time you came
back you'd find all the messages she left to tell you about what you were missing in her day and to
remind you that she loved you. A time when you'd both stay in and watch Netflix and there was that
first time she fell asleep on you and you couldn't help but watch her, cozy and innocent and happy.
And then there was the time when you moved 1,007 miles away. She told you she'd wait for you, but
she didn't. You can still remember her ragged breaths as she said she didn't want you to go and the
smell of her hair and how it felt when she kissed you and everything reminds you of her and how
you used to be. In his song, "Superman," Eminem tells us the proper way to deal with difficult
breakups: rather than dwelling on the past, he takes a Hakuna Matata standpoint and decides that it
doesn't matter anymore. Every relationship he entered fell through. The lyrics, "Don't put out / I 'll
put you out. / Won't get out / I 'll push you out," suggest that the problem wasn't him: they were
refusing to do what he wanted and he has the right to push them out the door if his basic needs aren't
fulfilled. Why should he put up with her if she's only going to refuse to give him what he needs?
She's a hobby to him, not a profession. As he puts it, "But I do know one thing though: / bitches,
they come they

History And Safety Regulations Of Ancient Egyptian Women
Menstruation is a natural and necessary process that has been occurring since human beings can
remember. Because of this necessary process, forms of sanitary protection have been concocted to
meet the needs of women to care for themselves during their menstrual bleeding period. There have
been numerous approaches used by women from all over the world and over the years. Of the
numerous materials, used to collect and dispose of menstrual waste, two have remained most
popular, the pad and the tampon. While many might use, and be familiar with their use in their
menstrual hygiene, not much is known about what is put in or on them and the regulations
surrounding them. This paper hopes to shed a light on the history and safety regulations surrounding
the popular menstrual hygiene products– pads and tampons. This papers hopes to answer whether
these products are safe.
Some of the earliest records we have concerning menstrual hygiene solutions are those of ancient
Egyptian women. Egyptian records, that date back to the 15th century B.C., reveal that women,
often wealthy, used internal plugs made from soft papyrus or wool. Poorer women, who might not
have been able to afford soft papyrus or wool were recorded to have used softened aquatic grasses
(Farage 101). Their Greek counterparts, as written by Hippocrates, a famous ancient Greek
physician, were said to have created internal plugs as well from lint wrapped around a small piece of
wood. The ancient Romans, another civilized

Changing Themes in the Art of Rap
It is a day in the summer of 1974 on the block of 1520 Sedgwick Avenue, Bronx, NY. The grass is
blazing, the air is fresh, and the kids are shrieking with joy. This is where it happened. DJ Kool Herc
popped in his new record playing smooth rhythms of jazz and blues with the integration of Jamaican
sound creating a new genre that would soon sweep the nation. He called it Hip–Hop. Some would
call it "black noise", but to urban African Americans it was music they could own; music they could
learn to appreciate and adore. As they faced afflictions like racism, oppression, drugs, and much
more, they used this new found hip– hop to express their thoughts and feelings. Today, we try to
understand where this passion and substance in rap has ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition, portrayals of violence in later songs are viewed in a more positive light as shown by
their increased association with glamor,wealth, masculinity, personal prowess. (338) By 1997, the
percentage of rappers mentioning violence had nearly tripled. During the emergence of rap however,
this percentage was comparatively low. Themes had definitely change as proved by the rise in
numbers. This percentage is still rising today. Keef's song "3hunna" is a prime example of the
positive light shown on violence in rap music in the 21st century.
"My gun, don't make me beat it
I'm coolin wit my young niggas
A lot of kush, a lot of guns nigga
You see you us you better run nigga
Bullets hot like the sun nigga..." (Chief Keef, 2012)
The lyrics almost speak for themselves. Chief Keef raps about guns as if they are gold, or some
other luxury. He is positively rapping about gun violence versus saying guns are bad or discouraging
the use of them. The list of differences between old rap and new rap proceed.
Old rappers often viewed women with a positive light as compared to new rap that often degrades
women. Of course, not every old rap song adored women, nor does every new rap song degrade
women. However, the focus is on majority and trends, and trends show a

Buying Feminine Hygiene Products For People Magazine 's...
ADVERTISER AND MEDIUM The advertiser for this product is Energizer, who is a manufacturer.
This advertisement was shown in People magazine 's July 2015 edition. MARKET SITUATION
Carefree is a lesser known and lesser used brand in comparison to its competitors, so its important
for their ads to really resonate with their target market. Competition in this industry is mainly
between Tampax, Always, and Playtex, which almost leaves Carefree out of the running. Carefree
products are sold in Target, Walmart, and drugstores like Walgreens, CVS, and Rite Aid. Another
thing to consider with this industry are the consumer attitudes towards these products. A lot of
women tend to be embarrassed when buying feminine hygiene products because of the social stigma
around periods, but the fact is that they still have to buy them. So, when the consumers go to the
store to purchase these type of products they'll usually purchase the same product every time
because they know it works, they know where it is in the store, and they know the price, which
makes the whole process go quickly. TARGET MARKET –– CUSTOMER PROFILE This print ad
was published in People magazine. 70% of people's readers are women, the majority of them falling
into the 18–44 age range, with median age of 38. Most of the women readers are employed, with
college degrees. Another percentage of readers are women with one or more children in their
household (42%). Although the magazine does reach mainly women, the median

Tambrands Overcoming
Tampax, Tambrands's only product, is the best–selling tampon in the world, with 44 percent of the
global market. In the overseas market, Tambrands officials talk intensely of a huge opportunity.
Only 100 million of the 1.7 billion eligible women in the world currently use tampons. Tambrands
has divided the world into three clusters with cluster three being the most difficult to market
tampons due to culture and religious beliefs. Therefore, Tambrands has approached Proctor and
Gamble about a buyout and announced a $1.85 billion deal. This deal has put P&G back on the
market for selling tampons since 1980. This was a positive step because not only does P&G get to
market this product with feminine hygiene products already being sold, they ... Show more content
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Tambrands is a company that uses single–product strategy to advertise their product known as
TAMPAX. This product is the best selling product with 44% of the global market share. Out of this
44%, approximately 90% of its sales come from North America and Europe. One of the main
reasons for tampax being successful only in North America and Europe is because tampons still
have not gained popularity as a result of various cultural resistance, religious resistance and/or
myths associated with using a tampon. This case study discusses the various issues that Tambrands
had to overcome in order to create a global demand for its product.
Question: What are the Problems in the case? What are the decisions to be made?
Despite being the best selling tampon in the world, the companies earnings dropped by 12 percent in
1996. Even though ups and downs in profits are part of any business, this 12 percent drop was a
serious concern as the company uses a single–product strategy, also they compete against rivals such
as Playtex Products and Kimberly–Clark, this makes the stakes high. At the same time, it 's difficult
to get new users as already 70% of Women in the North America already use Tampons. This
indicated a need to expand globally; upon research Tambrands officials viewed the global market as
a huge opportunity as only 100 million out of the worlds 1.7 billion women use tampons.
In the process of expansion, Tambrands adopted a strategy of dividing the global market into 3

Homeless Woman Research Paper
No woman wants to have her period. Periods can be messy, painful, frustrating, and feminine
supplies can be expensive and embarrassing to buy. Now imagine being homeless while
experiencing a period. Unable to buy the proper supplies for a period and having a risk of staining
clothes you own. Without access to a regular shower, you are unable to clean yourself. Tampons
used in a long amount of time than recommended has a high chance of getting Toxic Shock
Syndrome and also more prone to infections and UTIs because of your hygiene. Women who are
homeless do not have access to feminine hygiene products. Is it fair that these women don't have
pads and tampons available to them? Homeless women experience the difficulty of having
menstrual cycles every month without having the proper supplies because the supplies are highly
priced and supporters don't often donate them to shelters. The lack of supplies can cause medical
issues. A ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
You would think the biological cycle that makes it possible for the continuing reproduction of our
species would be looked at with a bit more appreciation since its applies to a little more than half of
the world population. No matter the circumstances that put a woman on the street, she should have
access to maintain the cleanliness that she had prior to being homeless. Its surprising how
government assistance will claim to be a support system for these women but tampons and pad are
not even an approved item to purchase with government assistance. That's right, you are unable to
buys tampons and pads with an EBT card. An EBT card is a debit card that people on welfare use.
You can think of them as being similar to food stamps. The government approves buying certain
clothing items and food with an EBT card. They do not allow items like shampoo and soap and
tampons to be bought with an EBT card. (SOURCE) To the government tampons and pads are just
not

P&G Corparate
BCO 321 Strategic Management
School of Business
Vincent Chee, 110144
Ricky Liew, 100517
Walter Chin, 100936
Table of Content Case Abstraction 3 Vision Statement (Actual) 4 Mission Statement (Actual) 4
Mission Statement (Proposed) 4 Vision Statement (Proposed) 5 Slogan (Proposed) 5 The CPM
Matrix of P&G Company 6 External Factor Evaluation (EFE) Matrix for Procter and Gamble
(P&G) 9 The I/E matrix for Procter and Gamble (P&G) 14 Internal Factor Evaluation
(IFE) Matrix for Procter and Gamble (P&G) 16 A SWOT Matrix of P&G Company 21
Strengths 23 Weaknesses 23 Opportunities 24 Threats 24 The FOUR strategies 25 The SPACE
Matrix 26 Calculation 27 The SPACE Matrix chart 28 The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
As time goes on, the whole company's segments have replaced with three major Global Business
Units. * The first GBU #1 is focusing on the beauty and grooming products. Which is again divided
into the categories of "his" and "her". The global brand such as Gillette, Pantene, Head, Shoulder
shampoo and goods that are served in this industry are categorize in GBU #1 * The health and well–
being is the main focus in the P&G's GBU #2. Together they are encounter for approximately
35 percent of the global feminine care products business. The Vicks is one of the well–known
brands in this business unit. * The last Global Business Unit, which is also the 3rd unit, is focusing
on the household goods. The home care products are all classify in this business unit. Some of the
famous brands are the Duracell battery, Downy, Gain and Tide, and many more. This P&G's
products reached to 99% household in the States and Canada. In addition to that, these goods
reached 4.6 billion populations in all around the world.
By implementing these three global units, the P&G Company tends to increase the productivity
and has a clearer view of the picture, as a whole. On the other hand, the global business units can do
a better calculation on the account of the company.
The P&G company is ranked on top as the "Global Top Companies for Leaders" and ranked 5th
of the "World's Most

Political Propaganda During The Cold War
The Cold War influenced every modern medium in society. Many new technologies came out of the
Cold War, and every aspect of society was touched; the media was no exception. For the first time,
the media seeped into and influence American and foreign lives. The media's main role in the Cold
War was to distribute political propaganda in order to manipulate citizens into detesting communism
or protest the various wars that happened because of the Cold War. The media accomplished this in a
variety of ways some of which were print media, film, radio, television, and education system.
Print media was the main form of propaganda during the Cold War as others forms of media were
still in their infancy stages.. In fact, America can award the success ... Show more content on
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The CIA also smuggled books into the Soviet Union in everything from food to Tampax boxes. In
fact, Bedford alone got as many as one million books across the Soviet Union's borders over the
course of fifteen years. The CIA's program for the distribution of literature continued until the fall of
the USSR. Another example of propaganda in literature is George Orwell's Animal Farm. The
propaganda used in the book demonstrates how a revolution, despite how good the initial intentions
are, can still slowly become a system that is no better than the one before. The whole novel is an
allegory to the Russian Revolution. Readers could effortlessly associate the practice of propaganda
used in the novel to the practice of propaganda used in the Russian Revolution. George Orwell was
expertly able to use propaganda in the novel to express his viewpoint on how the communist system
in Russia gradually turned into a system that was overflowing with with greed and corruption from
the politicians instead of a system based on

Ad Analysis
Ad Analysis It happens once a month. It lasts for five to seven days. It is a time when a female
becomes physically, emotionally, and mentally affected. It has been known to be a women's worse
nightmare. It's the infamous menstrual cycle. The only thing that makes this time manageable is a
good, reliable tampon. The Tampax Pearl ad persuades buyers to purchase their product through role
models, settings, and props. The ad context is directed towards the teenage female population. A
high school football field is the setting for the ad. The main characters portrayed are high school
cheerleaders. They are all dressed in matching uniforms with blue and white tops, white skirts, and
white shoes. They are perceived to be cheering ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I can relate to being a teenage girl. Fearing the worse, that someone will see evidence that my
monthly visitor has arrived. The text in the ad lures in females. When you look at the text you see
some in a soft pastel pink. The ad contains a package of tampons with a heart shape on the box. The
heart gives the feeling of sensitivity and is appealing to female emotions. All women can relate to
the feeling of menstrual cycles. Most women feel sluggish, and bloated with water weight. With the
font being very tall and stick like, it takes away the feeling of bloating and gives more of a tall and
slender feel. The words used in the ad are also very persuasive. When thinking of a menstrual cycle,
the words that come to my mind are dirty, bothersome, and bulky. The ad clearly changes my mind
by using such words as protection, clean, carefree, small and compact. The brand Tampax has been
around for several years. The fact that they have a product they now call Tampax Pearl is a clever
way to advertise, as many consumers relate pearl to the color white and the color white to
cleanliness. In order for Tampax to persuade consumers to buy their product they effectively used
popular teenage role models, genuine settings, props, and context that is clearly relatable to teenage
girls. Good advertising approaches like role models and relatability help consumers to make tough
decisions when picking one brand over another. With this ad

The Proposal ¬∏ Directed By Anne Fletcher Essay
One of my personal all–time–favorite movies, The Proposal¸ directed by Anne Fletcher, is a
drama/romance that illustrates "two people who weren't meant to fall in love" (Lieberman, 2009).
The following movie trailer assists in outlining the storyline of the movie and how a series of
unforeseen events can change animosity into romantic love.
From the beginning of the movie, Andrew and Margaret had a work relationship that embodied
intimacy. Intimacy, as defined by Kyle Hill, is "[f]eelings of attachment, closeness, typified by
sharing secrets, etc." (Hill, 2012, May 18). The intimacy shared between Margaret and Andrew is
due to the nature of their career; they had spent "[a]ll those late nights at the office and weekend
book fairs" (Lieberman, 2009). As Margaret's assistant, Andrew handles some, if not most, of her
personal and private matters like the "midnight Tampax runs" and her appointments, "Two years
ago, your dermatologist called and asked about a Q–switched laser" (Lieberman, 2009). Their work
relationship created an intimacy that typically is nonexistent between two coworkers or an employee
and their boss.
As the movie progressed, their relationship took on another component; commitment. Commitment,
as defined In The Triangular Theory of Love, is "[a] willingness in the short–term to create and
maintain a relationship and long–term plans to sustain the relationship" (Hill, 2012, May 18). The
commitment exhibited between Margaret and Andrew is not the

Walgreens Research Paper
In this essay, I will be explaining about the history of Walgreens and what it has to offer to its
customer. This will include the services and merchandise that has made them a successful company
for over one hundred years. My mission for writing this essay, is to give the reader some more
insight on what they may of not know about this nation wide store. I also want to provide the reader
with confidence to rely on Walgreens as their number one trusted pharmacy and drugstore.
The idea of Walgreens started off in the early 1900's in a small town called Dixon, Illinois. Charles
R. Walgreen started working at a drug store, due to an accident that happened at a shoe making
company, ending his athletic career. He realized after working in this small town he needed to go
somewhere bigger to pursue his dreams of becoming a pharmacist. He chose to go to Chicago to
open up his first store on the south side of the city. By 1910, ... Show more content on
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The next isle over offers band aids, supply's such as rubbing alcohol to clean your cuts out, vitamins,
Advil and Tylenol for any pain that you may be feeling, and female products such as pregnancy
tests, tampax, and condoms. The isle all the way to the right wall is where you will find baby
products. Whether you may need diapers, baby medicine, baby wipes, formula, or cream for any
kind of rash. Walgreens has it conveniently located all in one isle. The isle that is on the left of the
first aid section has toiletries for traveling or going back to college. They have little bottles of
shampoo and conditioner, deodorant, toothbrushes, mini bottles of medicine, and beauty supplies.
The last isle that I looked at was located on the left back wall for groceries. You can find milk, eggs,
bread, cereal, and frozen food for on the go or needed last minute

Language of Advertising and Communication Via Advertising
Language of Advertising and
Communication via Advertising
Contents
Introduction 3
Chapter 1. Concept of advertising as an act of communication 7 1.1. Definition of Advertising 7 1.2.
Communication and Advertising 8 1.3. Functions of Advertising 12 1.4. Image Advertising 14 1.5.
Advertising Text and Slogan 15 1.6. Conclusion 16
Chapter 2. Language of advertising 18 2.1. General Characteristics of the Ad–slogan 18 2.2. Lexis
19 2.3. Grammar 20 2.4. Style 23 2.5. Comparative Advertising 31 2.6.Conclusion 33
Chapter 3. Pragmatic aspects of advertising 34 3.1. Pragmatics and ... Show more content on
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The principles of speech and communicative composition of advertising text slogans can be utilized
when texts of advertising are compiled in the sphere of practical promotion, which has acquired new
stimuli for development in recent years. Being a linguistic and semiotic unit, an advertising slogan
can be analyzed from the standpoint of several aspects: structural, semantic, stylistic,
communicative and pragmatic. This work consists of three chapters, and each of the chapters is
dedicated to the analysis of a certain aspect or aspects. However, analyses of different aspects of an
ad–slogan often overlap, and therefore, it does not seem reasonable to carry out separate analyses of
each aspect, which can be done more efficiently by simultaneous approach. The work consists of
introduction, three chapters, conclusion, bibliography and appendix. The Introduction gives
explanation of the choice of the subject and the terms used in the work, describes the objectives and
means of their attaining, as well as the basic concepts investigated, justifies the importance,
scientific novelty, theoretical and practical value of the work. Chapter 1 (Concept of advertising as
an act of communication) describes the general concepts of the advertising discourse and
communication system, and gives an outline of extralinguistic factors involved. Chapter 2
(Language

Research and Analysis on Proctor & Gamble (P&G)
Executive Summary
Procter & Gamble (P&G) is a multinational consumer–product company which operates in nearly
80 countries with more than 300 brands. With its core competency in development and
commercialization of products and brands such as Pampers, Tide, and Wella which are part of P&G
's 22 billion–dollar brands, P&G has been highly successful in the market with sales of $68 billion
and a net profit of $8 billion in 2006. Its aggressive international expansion and innovation–driven
strategy enable the company to achieve economies of scale as well as to differentiate itself from
strong competitors like Unilever, and Kimberly–Clark. Due to its large size and complexity, the
organizational structure tends to be centralized. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Due to its nature as a transnational corporation, it must deal with consumers from various cultural
backgrounds and respond to different customer needs, both vitally important in international
business. Thus, we chose P&G 's international operations as the focal area of our project. More
specifically, China was chosen to conduct a detailed and sophisticated analysis. China, as an
emerging and competitive market, has caught increasingly more attention from almost all major
multinational corporations. Without exception, China has played a more important role in P&G 's
ambitious blueprints, due to its immense consumer base, rapid economic growth, and gradually open
environment. However, many of P&G 's brands failed and exited the Chinese market, which largely
affected the company 's profitability and reputation. Therefore, to analyze the causes behind the
failure and to design a set of potential recommendation to fix the issue is beneficial for the company
's future operations.
Description and analysis of the organization 's present design and context
P&G Company overview
Procter & Gamble is a multinational consumer–product company established by William Procter
and James Gamble in 1837. P&G currently has a

Procter & Gamble Case Study
2
Procter & Gamble Case Study Contributors: Kyla Porter, Gladys Moreno, Jennifer Peters, Jessica
M. Hernandez. California State University San Marcos
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Company Summary Business Description Company Timeline Company Analysis Business
Developments– A Review Discussion of Business Strategies 1. Expanding Their Portfolio 2.
Developing Adjacencies 3. Entering New Categories With Disruptive Innovation 4. Growing Share
5. Growing Markets SWOT Analysis Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Financial
Performance Competition Synopsis Human Resource Practices and Initiatives Conclusion 3 3 4 5 5
6 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 10 11 12 12 12 16 18
2
Company Summary
Business Description
Procter & Gamble Company is a global manufacturer ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They have been able to capitalize on emerging markets that may not have previously been viable.
This includes Thailand, which is now seen as one of the most beauty conscious countries in the
world ("P&G Upbeat", 2010). With this new market, P&G has been able to launch their hair care
line in parts of the world that previously were not industrialized and did not have a demand for these
types of products. As more countries especially in Asia, Africa, and Latin America begin to
industrialize, P&G can continue to expand their geographic segments. Not only have they penetrated
the countries themselves, but they have penetrated different segments in the consumer market. With
300 brands in 3 very distinct divisions, P&G has been able to diversify and capture a larger market
share. As for business segments, the company has 3 divisions which are Beauty and Grooming,
Health and Wellness, and Household Care Products. All of these divisions are operated by a
centralized business structure that works to make the business the most efficient it can be ("Core
Strengths," 2011). In addition to this centralization of the product divisions, the company also has a
Market Development Organization (MDO) to tailor marketing strategies in each geographic area.
This ability to target a specific market has allowed P&G to continue to gain the market share in
emerging markets.

Business Developments– A Review
● In May of 2010, Pampers, part of the

Is Help Really Needed In Opening Skinner's Box, By Lauren...
Is Help Really Needed In the Chapter "In the Unlikely Event of a Water Landing," from the book
Opening Skinner's Box, by Lauren Slater. Slater describes a crime scene in which the witnesses
didn't do anything to help a woman that was being stabbed, she also tells us about a few experiments
that were conducted in regards to how people would react when help is needed in certain situations,
will they report the situation to anyone or just go about their business like nothing is going on.
Calling for help or assisting someone in a time of need isn't always something that people do as an
immediate reaction, especially when there's a crowd of people present. "The Effect of
Embarrassment on Helping Others," written by Robert J. Edelmann. Edelmann has his view, he
points out that depending on the situation people will help or possibly not help. Edelman refers to
whether people might view the situation as "inappropriate," to which it would lead to an
"embarrassment." It shouldn't matter the type of situation if someone needs help, help should be
offered and if accepted then assistance should be provided. The experiments conducted in "The
Unlikely Event of a Water Landing," the situations or experiments are different that the one in "The
Effect of Embarrassment on Helping." Edelmann seems to want to prove that if there's a situation
where it might be embarrassing or the person that needs help may end up causing embarrassment for
the helper, then the help may not be available. "A

P & G Market Analysis
Andrea Carter
Product Market Analysis for Proctor & Gamble
July 7, 2012
Product Market Analysis
Proctor and Gamble is serving customers in over 180 countries with their massive market
capitalization. They have a purpose to live up to for their consumers in all of those 180 countries.
They provide services and branded products that are of superior quality and great value which will
improve the consumers' lives in the world now and forever. As stated on their website, "Our purpose
works to unify us in a common cause and growth strategy. It is powerful because it promotes a
simple idea to improve the lives of the world's consumers every day. P$G grows by touching and
improving more consumers' lives in more parts of the world...more ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
With P&G being present in 180 countries there seems to be no real barrier to entry that can't be
overcome. They have some competition from other companies that offer dishwashing detergents
which can be seen as a threat of substitute products. There is definitely a presence of rivalry from
other competitors including the store name brand detergents that are shelved next to P&G's product.
Industry Cost Structure
The cost structure is different in each market and country. It is based off of the economy in a certain
market so that it's affordable and economical to the consumers there. Cost structure must be
carefully studied so that the product doesn't fail and remain on the shelf while others priced more
reasonably sell.
Distribution Channels P&G has several distribution channels that help them to get their product out
to the consumers. There are stores like Wal–Mart, Target, Dollar General, and a number of grocery
stores that sell the products. You can even purchase the product online from a number of retailers.
Market Trends
P&G must keep up with any changes that occur in their target market. This can pose either threats or
opportunities depending on the change that occurs. They need to be cautious of price sensitivity and
whether there is a new demand for variety. Also there can be changes that are regional that they need
to keep an eye out for.
Key Success Factors

An Essay on Procter and Gamble Company
The Procter & Gamble Company, also known as P&G, is an American multinational
consumer goods company headquartered in downtown Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Its products include
pet foods, cleaning agents and personal care products. Prior to the sale of Pringles to Kellogg
Company, its product line included foods and beverages.[2]
In 2012, P&G recorded $83.68 billion dollars in sales. Fortune magazine awarded P&G a
top spot on its list of "Global Top Companies for Leaders", and ranked the company at fifth place of
the "World's Most Admired Companies" list. Chief Executive Magazine named P&G the best
overall company for leadership development in its list of the "40 Best Companies for Leaders.
History
William Procter, a candle ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was actually the first synthetic detergent used for delicate clothing and dishes when introduced in
1933 from Procter & Gamble. * Dunhill Luxury Fragrance for men * Era, Procter &
Gamble's first liquid laundry detergent * Escada Luxury Fragrance for women * Eukanuba premium
dog and cat foods * Fairy dishwashing liquid, toilet soap, household soap, laundry detergent and
dishwasher detergent *

Intoux Pearl Advertising
Advertisements are important to get the brand's name known, so they can sell products and make
money. It is important for a company's name to be out there so they can sell things because if people
do not know about their brand then they probably would not buy it. Advertisements are used to
convince people that their product is worth spending money on. The advertisement I will be
exploring is a Tampax Pearl tampon ad I found in an InTouch magazine. The exigence for this ad is
that the company feels not enough people are buying this brand of tampons due to the many other
brands that sell similar products. Because of this, the purpose of this advertisement is to get more
people to buy their tampons over the many other companies. When flipping through the magazine
this ad is located in the first thing I noticed was the cliff view overlooking the water. The way it
captured my attention was what the marketers meant for it to do. The beautiful scene was a good
way for them to get people's attention because of lots of people because it is it a way mesmerizing.
In the advertisement is a scenic picture of a cliff overlooking the dark blue water. Along the cliff is a
winding road where a person, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They are telling woman that they do not have to let their period to get the best of them. They are
saying that with this product woman will gain the power to persevere through their period. A period
should not dictate what a woman can do or where she can go. They should be given a way to be able
to enjoy life while they are going this natural part of life, and that what is Tampax is trying to say
they provide. This could very easily appeal to many

Music Is A Central Part Of Most Adolescent Lives
Music is a central part of most adolescent lives. In todays society music is a part of everyone's daily
activities. Certain genres contain frequent references to sex, drugs, and violence. Certain genres
receive their fair share of bad media including crime. Everyone knows that music all by itself can
have an effect on people but when music is influencing crime into their lyrics it becomes an interest
and concern for society in general. During the past few decades, music has become increasingly
explicit with its references to sex, drugs, and violence. Many people have been shaped by it in
different ways. Throughout the years music has changed the way its influenced people. Some people
listen to music because they are bored or just because ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Yet it is still well received and becoming very popular in todays society. Now a days you can
influence anyone through media, whether it is music or even a music video Anyone can agree that
the use of violence in music today is much more prominent than it was many years ago. The Music
genre I'm going to focus on is Hip Hop or Rap. My Hypothesis is to compare music from the 1970's
to the 2000's and prove that Hip Hop is more likely to talk about drugs, sex, and violence in the
2000's versus the 1970's and how strong of an influence it has on society. The theory I decided to go
with on this research project is the Cultivation Theory "Which argues media shapes a persons sense
of reality because many acquire information through mediated sources rather than direct experience,
their world view becomes influenced by these sources. For example people who would be defined as
heavy Hip Hop listeners can react to certain situations more violently than they would of without
having all the emotional influence from violent hip hop songs. So I want to see if Hip Hop can really
be influenced to commit crimes and live the same type of way they hear through a song or treat
people the way they hear through a song. Or basically do listeners cultivate or adopt beliefs about
the world that coincide with messages they have been hearing. In the 1970's the Hip Hop culture
began in the streets of New York City. One of the first entrepreneurs of Hip Hop was a man by the
name of Kool DJ Herc. In

The Feminine Care Product Industry
Carefree was the leader in the feminine care product industry since releasing their first product, the
very first pantiliner, in 1976. In the past 20 years they 've experienced a significant drop in market
share. In 1997 they owned only 10% of the market share, which is a major decrease from owning
over half in the 70 's. In 2008 carefree launched an ultra protection line which quickly discontinued
in 2012. Carefree was formerly owned by Mcneill PPC, and is currently owned by Energizer.
Carefree is a lesser used brand in comparison to its competitors. Competition in this industry is
mainly between Tampax, Always, and Playtex, which almost leaves Carefree out of the running.
Carefree has not been a big deal in the market share for over 20 ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Carefree really needs to make a comeback in their market, and hopeful a new ad campaign will give
them the boost they need. In my campaign I decided to incorporate some of the ideas carefree has
used in previous campaigns. With the combination of pre–existing and new ideas this ad will appeal
to loyal customers and will hopefully attract new ones. I used a combination of straightsell and
testimonial execution techniques in my print ad. The consumer will get enough information from the
ad copy, and they will relate to the ad since it uses "Real Women" in it's testimonial. The positioning
strategy is pull, since the ad does not list price, a store location or phone number. The appeal used in
the ad is a combination of emotional and rational/informational. A woman would not buy this
product solely based on how it makes her look or feel, there needs to be enough information present
to promote the product's performance. I executed these elements in every aspect of my
advertisement. Its simple layout will appeal to consumers but not overwhelm them, and it 's down to
earth slogan allows women to relate well with the product. I used a quote that promotes confidence
to appeal emotionally with the consumer, because it

The Animal Legal Defense Fund
Animal Abuse Murder and abuse cases never fail to startle society. Moral codes are flouted with
unmatched rigorousness by these indubitable egregious crimes. Sufferers in these cases are often
people. Nonetheless, these callous obscenities should not be seen as less important when animals are
the victims. Animals undergo horrendous abuse due to barbaric individuals, greed, and unnecessary
lab testing. Animals are beaten and abused on a daily basis due to barbaric individuals. Whether it be
from harmful intentions or pure negligence most cases go unreported. "Deliberate cruelty may
involve beating, shooting, stabbing animals, or setting them on fire. Neglect is not giving a
necessary food, water, shelter, or vet care" (Human Society). The lack of attention and care for these
animals can often lead to severe, and sometimes irrevocable damage. The Animal Legal Defense
Fund, ALDF for short, website tells of one story where neighbors of a farm complained to the local
humane society, "that the Colliers were neglecting many animals on their farm, including dogs and
horses. When they went to their property to investigate, they discovered dogs and horses in several
states of neglect and starvation and seized them out of concern for their immediate health"(ALDF).
Sadly, however, it can become much worse for animals. Owners will sometimes purposefully abuse
their animals. Unfortunately, occurrences like these are hardly uncommon. One such example, from
the RSPCA of England, the Royal

Brand Building Blocks
BRAND BUILDING BLOCKS
Building Strong Brands: Why Is It Hard?
It is not easy to build brands in today 's environment. The brand builder who attempts to develop a
strong brand is like a golfer playing on a course with heavy roughs, deep sand traps, sharp doglegs,
and vast water barriers. It is difficult to score well in such conditions. Substantial pressures and
barriers, both internal and external, can inhibit the brand builder. To be able to develop effective
brand strategies, it is useful to understand these pressures and barriers
Different factors that make it difficult to build brands are shown in the figure above. The first,
pressure to compete on price, directly affects the motivation to build brands. The second reason, the
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What, then, happens to the people who support the brand with market research or other brand–
building activities? They are vulnerable to the organizations new cost culture.
2. Proliferation Of Competitors
New, vigorous competitors come from a variety of sources. A host of food categories have watched
Weight Watchers and Healthy Choice enter their markets through brand extension strategies. In the
snack category, Frito–Lay has seen regional brands expand and Budweiser 's Eagle brand break out
of its niche to become a major competitor. New product forms that provide real alternatives for the
customer have encroached the soft drink market, bottled water, carbonated water, fruit–based drinks,
and "new age" drinks, among others.
Additional competitors not only contribute to price pressure and brand complexity, but also make it
much harder to gain and hold a position. They leave fewer holes in the market to exploit and fewer
implementation vehicles to own. Each brand tends to be positioned more narrowly, the target
markets become smaller, and the non–target market becomes larger. Efforts to market to a broad
segment thus become more difficult in the face of the complex 'brandscape' Further, some new or
desperate competitors may be motivated to take risks or attempt unusual approaches. The result can
be destabilization of the competitive dynamics. There is also an enhanced motivation to copy
anything that is successful, in part because the risks of

Final Project
M8:A2 Marketing Strategy
George R. Rivera, Jr.
MKT230 UB Principles of Marketing
Instructor Michael Loflin
February 29, 2012
Argosy University – Inland Empire Online
Author's Notes: George R. Rivera, Jr., School of Business, Argosy University – Inland Empire
Online. George R. Rivera, Jr., is a student in the School of Business, Argosy University – Inland
Empire Online. This class paper is M8:A2 Marketing Strategy for MKT230 UB Principles of
Marketing, Instructor Michael Loflin, February 29, 2012. Any correspondence regarding this paper
is to be directed to grriverajr@stu.argosy.edu at Argosy University.
Abstract
I am to create, based on based on the instructor feedback received, a marketing portfolio containing
revised assignments ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
C. Fourth Product Run –
1,500,000 units.
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT AND MARKETING RESEARCH
Variables
When considering the factors which suggest the proper market segment, first the product itself needs
to be examined. The product is a natural hair loss restoration shampoo and conditioner for women.
There are five factors needed in order to properly assess the potential market segment for the
product. These areas are:
1. Demographic basis for segmentation: These are the differences between individuals due to age,
family life experience, gender, ethnicity, and household composition. This can be subtle, as in
children for children's products where the age groups are broken down into further separate market
segments.
2. Socioeconomic basis for segmentation: Income and employment is a good way to gather
indications as to the type, way and spending habits of a person.
3. Psychographic basis for segmentation: Internal psychological factors often shade the purchasing
patterns and tendencies of a particular group, which aids the marketer of a product to more properly
target a certain market segment.
4. Geodemographic basis for segmentation: Where one lives is indicative as to products and

purchasing proclivities – for example, a "green" electric car would sale better in San Francisco than
in the Bayou of Louisiana.
5. Situational basis for segmentation: This is the most variable sensitive factor of them all, where the
current

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