SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 22
A CASE FOR
YORUBA AND
OTHER
INDIGENOUS
LANGUAGES
AKAYE EDE YORUBA
If care is not taken,
the Yoruba Language
and other native
languages may
become extinct after
the next two
generations…
A WARNING…
How would they go extinct and…
WHY
?
There are
three ways
we engage
with a
language…
We Understand it. We Express it. We
Impart it to the next generation.
UNDERSTANDI
NG
EXPRESSION IMPARTATION
Generations far back…
Back then before
white men brought
their language
(English),
both adults and
youths can do
justice to our
indigenous
languages.
Generations far back…
1. Could understand it.
2. Could express it.
3. Could impart the next
generation.
The language was all they had.
100%
Both adults and youths
The Outgoing Generation…
Just before the
Independence and
after it, things began
to change as western
education became
accepted and Yoruba
Language became
second fiddle.
The Outgoing Generation...
Could express it.
70-80%
ADULTS YOUTHS
Could understand it.
Could impart it.
Could understand it.
Could express it.
Began to find it
difficult to impart it.
80-
95%
The Current Generation…
Just before and after
the turn of the
century to the
present, adults can
still understand the
language but there is
less impact on the
youths.
The Current Generation...
Can still express it.
40-55%
ADULTS YOUTHS
Can understand it.
Find it difficult to
impart it.
Can understand it.
Find it difficult to
express it.
Cannot impart it.
55-
70%
The Incoming Generation…
In another 25 to 35
years, if the current
trend is not reversed,
adults will be having a
difficult time
engaging with the
language while the
youths then will be
almost clueless.
The Incoming Generation...
Find it difficult to
express it.
15-30%
ADULTS YOUTHS
Do not understand it
that much.
Cannot impart it.
Only understand it
vaguely.
Cannot express it.
Cannot impart it.
30-
40%
The Generation After…
In another 25 to 35
years from the last
example i.e. like 50 to
70 years from now, if
the current trend
continues, the Yoruba
language will be
almost totally lost.
The Generation After Next…
Cannot express it.
0-5%
ADULTS YOUTHS
Understand it
vaguely.
Cannot impart it.
Don’t understand it.
Cannot express it.
Cannot impart it.
5-10%
And there goes...
Our Language
Our Culture
Our History
And there goes...
Our IDENTITY as people
It is not too late
however to reverse
the trend… Taking a
snapshot of the
current generation,
certain questions
arise:
IT CAN BE AVOIDED…
For the current adults…
How can adults understand the language
better?
How can they express it the more?
How can they impart the next generation with
their knowledge of the language?
For the current youths…
How can the youths understand the language
well?
How can they express it better?
How can they begin to impart their generation
and later the next generation?
Answers to these questions in a book…
Coming out soon.
Akaye
Ede
Yoruba
M.D. Omisore
Twitter:
@mdomisore
Contact:

More Related Content

Viewers also liked

cambrian college Grad report 2015
cambrian college Grad report 2015cambrian college Grad report 2015
cambrian college Grad report 2015Abhishek Bajaj
 
《莲花海》(24) 法之精华-空性-非有非空(19)-「见(地)」与「行(履)」的关系-移喜泰贤金刚上师(着) -敦珠佛学会
《莲花海》(24) 法之精华-空性-非有非空(19)-「见(地)」与「行(履)」的关系-移喜泰贤金刚上师(着) -敦珠佛学会《莲花海》(24) 法之精华-空性-非有非空(19)-「见(地)」与「行(履)」的关系-移喜泰贤金刚上师(着) -敦珠佛学会
《莲花海》(24) 法之精华-空性-非有非空(19)-「见(地)」与「行(履)」的关系-移喜泰贤金刚上师(着) -敦珠佛学会DudjomBuddhistAssociation
 
Kew Gardens Reference (2)
Kew Gardens Reference (2)Kew Gardens Reference (2)
Kew Gardens Reference (2)Daniel Band
 
Ec13 pacc ficha 12_
Ec13 pacc ficha 12_Ec13 pacc ficha 12_
Ec13 pacc ficha 12_Leonor Alves
 
INSEEC Alpes-Savoie Brochure summer school 2016
INSEEC Alpes-Savoie Brochure summer school 2016INSEEC Alpes-Savoie Brochure summer school 2016
INSEEC Alpes-Savoie Brochure summer school 2016Abhishek Bajaj
 
3478-43782-3-PB
3478-43782-3-PB3478-43782-3-PB
3478-43782-3-PB东妮 郑
 
Novo Regime de Autonomia das Escolas
Novo Regime de Autonomia das EscolasNovo Regime de Autonomia das Escolas
Novo Regime de Autonomia das EscolasRui Costa Gonçalves
 

Viewers also liked (11)

cambrian college Grad report 2015
cambrian college Grad report 2015cambrian college Grad report 2015
cambrian college Grad report 2015
 
《莲花海》(24) 法之精华-空性-非有非空(19)-「见(地)」与「行(履)」的关系-移喜泰贤金刚上师(着) -敦珠佛学会
《莲花海》(24) 法之精华-空性-非有非空(19)-「见(地)」与「行(履)」的关系-移喜泰贤金刚上师(着) -敦珠佛学会《莲花海》(24) 法之精华-空性-非有非空(19)-「见(地)」与「行(履)」的关系-移喜泰贤金刚上师(着) -敦珠佛学会
《莲花海》(24) 法之精华-空性-非有非空(19)-「见(地)」与「行(履)」的关系-移喜泰贤金刚上师(着) -敦珠佛学会
 
Kew Gardens Reference (2)
Kew Gardens Reference (2)Kew Gardens Reference (2)
Kew Gardens Reference (2)
 
Encante-se
Encante-seEncante-se
Encante-se
 
Prof. Neil Postman
Prof. Neil PostmanProf. Neil Postman
Prof. Neil Postman
 
Definiciones
DefinicionesDefiniciones
Definiciones
 
AlidaDiaz-Portfolio
AlidaDiaz-PortfolioAlidaDiaz-Portfolio
AlidaDiaz-Portfolio
 
Ec13 pacc ficha 12_
Ec13 pacc ficha 12_Ec13 pacc ficha 12_
Ec13 pacc ficha 12_
 
INSEEC Alpes-Savoie Brochure summer school 2016
INSEEC Alpes-Savoie Brochure summer school 2016INSEEC Alpes-Savoie Brochure summer school 2016
INSEEC Alpes-Savoie Brochure summer school 2016
 
3478-43782-3-PB
3478-43782-3-PB3478-43782-3-PB
3478-43782-3-PB
 
Novo Regime de Autonomia das Escolas
Novo Regime de Autonomia das EscolasNovo Regime de Autonomia das Escolas
Novo Regime de Autonomia das Escolas
 

Similar to Yoruba and other African Local Languages going extinct, unless...

Word up: A Lexicon and Guide to Communicating with Generations Y and Z
Word up: A Lexicon and Guide to Communicating with Generations Y and ZWord up: A Lexicon and Guide to Communicating with Generations Y and Z
Word up: A Lexicon and Guide to Communicating with Generations Y and ZMark McCrindle
 
Revisions 2015 spaces_of_multilingualism
Revisions 2015 spaces_of_multilingualismRevisions 2015 spaces_of_multilingualism
Revisions 2015 spaces_of_multilingualismChristopher Vitale
 
Black Deaf Community
Black Deaf CommunityBlack Deaf Community
Black Deaf CommunityAlyssa Dennis
 
The Global VillageThinking of the world close up, as if it w.docx
The Global VillageThinking of the world close up, as if it w.docxThe Global VillageThinking of the world close up, as if it w.docx
The Global VillageThinking of the world close up, as if it w.docxrtodd194
 
Reading Recovery conf 2011 Toronto
Reading Recovery conf 2011 TorontoReading Recovery conf 2011 Toronto
Reading Recovery conf 2011 TorontoJerry Diakiw
 
English intro intensive June-July 2013
English intro intensive June-July 2013English intro intensive June-July 2013
English intro intensive June-July 2013David Nicholson
 
NEED 2 LINES INTRO ABOUT DEAF CULTURE..HISTORY 2 LINESBy def.docx
NEED 2 LINES INTRO ABOUT DEAF CULTURE..HISTORY 2 LINESBy def.docxNEED 2 LINES INTRO ABOUT DEAF CULTURE..HISTORY 2 LINESBy def.docx
NEED 2 LINES INTRO ABOUT DEAF CULTURE..HISTORY 2 LINESBy def.docxrosemarybdodson23141
 
Chapter 19 ReadingWorking with Deaf Clients An Interview with Va
Chapter 19 ReadingWorking with Deaf Clients An Interview with VaChapter 19 ReadingWorking with Deaf Clients An Interview with Va
Chapter 19 ReadingWorking with Deaf Clients An Interview with VaEstelaJeffery653
 
2 Properties of Human Language.pptx
2 Properties of Human Language.pptx2 Properties of Human Language.pptx
2 Properties of Human Language.pptxssuserd31f311
 
Ineffective communication is the fault of the
Ineffective communication is the fault of theIneffective communication is the fault of the
Ineffective communication is the fault of theGobind Raj Aulakh
 

Similar to Yoruba and other African Local Languages going extinct, unless... (15)

Word up: A Lexicon and Guide to Communicating with Generations Y and Z
Word up: A Lexicon and Guide to Communicating with Generations Y and ZWord up: A Lexicon and Guide to Communicating with Generations Y and Z
Word up: A Lexicon and Guide to Communicating with Generations Y and Z
 
Revisions 2015 spaces_of_multilingualism
Revisions 2015 spaces_of_multilingualismRevisions 2015 spaces_of_multilingualism
Revisions 2015 spaces_of_multilingualism
 
Black Deaf Community
Black Deaf CommunityBlack Deaf Community
Black Deaf Community
 
Tamil Essays In Tamil Language
Tamil Essays In Tamil LanguageTamil Essays In Tamil Language
Tamil Essays In Tamil Language
 
The Global VillageThinking of the world close up, as if it w.docx
The Global VillageThinking of the world close up, as if it w.docxThe Global VillageThinking of the world close up, as if it w.docx
The Global VillageThinking of the world close up, as if it w.docx
 
Reading Recovery conf 2011 Toronto
Reading Recovery conf 2011 TorontoReading Recovery conf 2011 Toronto
Reading Recovery conf 2011 Toronto
 
English intro intensive June-July 2013
English intro intensive June-July 2013English intro intensive June-July 2013
English intro intensive June-July 2013
 
NEED 2 LINES INTRO ABOUT DEAF CULTURE..HISTORY 2 LINESBy def.docx
NEED 2 LINES INTRO ABOUT DEAF CULTURE..HISTORY 2 LINESBy def.docxNEED 2 LINES INTRO ABOUT DEAF CULTURE..HISTORY 2 LINESBy def.docx
NEED 2 LINES INTRO ABOUT DEAF CULTURE..HISTORY 2 LINESBy def.docx
 
Chapter 19 ReadingWorking with Deaf Clients An Interview with Va
Chapter 19 ReadingWorking with Deaf Clients An Interview with VaChapter 19 ReadingWorking with Deaf Clients An Interview with Va
Chapter 19 ReadingWorking with Deaf Clients An Interview with Va
 
Language Essay
Language EssayLanguage Essay
Language Essay
 
Somali Bantu Culture
Somali Bantu CultureSomali Bantu Culture
Somali Bantu Culture
 
Language Essays
Language EssaysLanguage Essays
Language Essays
 
2 Properties of Human Language.pptx
2 Properties of Human Language.pptx2 Properties of Human Language.pptx
2 Properties of Human Language.pptx
 
Ineffective communication is the fault of the
Ineffective communication is the fault of theIneffective communication is the fault of the
Ineffective communication is the fault of the
 
My Deaf Experience
My Deaf ExperienceMy Deaf Experience
My Deaf Experience
 

Recently uploaded

Model Attribute _rec_name in the Odoo 17
Model Attribute _rec_name in the Odoo 17Model Attribute _rec_name in the Odoo 17
Model Attribute _rec_name in the Odoo 17Celine George
 
21st_Century_Skills_Framework_Final_Presentation_2.pptx
21st_Century_Skills_Framework_Final_Presentation_2.pptx21st_Century_Skills_Framework_Final_Presentation_2.pptx
21st_Century_Skills_Framework_Final_Presentation_2.pptxJoelynRubio1
 
TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...
TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...
TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
What is 3 Way Matching Process in Odoo 17.pptx
What is 3 Way Matching Process in Odoo 17.pptxWhat is 3 Way Matching Process in Odoo 17.pptx
What is 3 Way Matching Process in Odoo 17.pptxCeline George
 
Graduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - English
Graduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - EnglishGraduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - English
Graduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - Englishneillewis46
 
Economic Importance Of Fungi In Food Additives
Economic Importance Of Fungi In Food AdditivesEconomic Importance Of Fungi In Food Additives
Economic Importance Of Fungi In Food AdditivesSHIVANANDaRV
 
Understanding Accommodations and Modifications
Understanding  Accommodations and ModificationsUnderstanding  Accommodations and Modifications
Understanding Accommodations and ModificationsMJDuyan
 
COMMUNICATING NEGATIVE NEWS - APPROACHES .pptx
COMMUNICATING NEGATIVE NEWS - APPROACHES .pptxCOMMUNICATING NEGATIVE NEWS - APPROACHES .pptx
COMMUNICATING NEGATIVE NEWS - APPROACHES .pptxannathomasp01
 
Details on CBSE Compartment Exam.pptx1111
Details on CBSE Compartment Exam.pptx1111Details on CBSE Compartment Exam.pptx1111
Details on CBSE Compartment Exam.pptx1111GangaMaiya1
 
HMCS Vancouver Pre-Deployment Brief - May 2024 (Web Version).pptx
HMCS Vancouver Pre-Deployment Brief - May 2024 (Web Version).pptxHMCS Vancouver Pre-Deployment Brief - May 2024 (Web Version).pptx
HMCS Vancouver Pre-Deployment Brief - May 2024 (Web Version).pptxmarlenawright1
 
REMIFENTANIL: An Ultra short acting opioid.pptx
REMIFENTANIL: An Ultra short acting opioid.pptxREMIFENTANIL: An Ultra short acting opioid.pptx
REMIFENTANIL: An Ultra short acting opioid.pptxDr. Ravikiran H M Gowda
 
OSCM Unit 2_Operations Processes & Systems
OSCM Unit 2_Operations Processes & SystemsOSCM Unit 2_Operations Processes & Systems
OSCM Unit 2_Operations Processes & SystemsSandeep D Chaudhary
 
Play hard learn harder: The Serious Business of Play
Play hard learn harder:  The Serious Business of PlayPlay hard learn harder:  The Serious Business of Play
Play hard learn harder: The Serious Business of PlayPooky Knightsmith
 
Simple, Complex, and Compound Sentences Exercises.pdf
Simple, Complex, and Compound Sentences Exercises.pdfSimple, Complex, and Compound Sentences Exercises.pdf
Simple, Complex, and Compound Sentences Exercises.pdfstareducators107
 
dusjagr & nano talk on open tools for agriculture research and learning
dusjagr & nano talk on open tools for agriculture research and learningdusjagr & nano talk on open tools for agriculture research and learning
dusjagr & nano talk on open tools for agriculture research and learningMarc Dusseiller Dusjagr
 
How to setup Pycharm environment for Odoo 17.pptx
How to setup Pycharm environment for Odoo 17.pptxHow to setup Pycharm environment for Odoo 17.pptx
How to setup Pycharm environment for Odoo 17.pptxCeline George
 
PANDITA RAMABAI- Indian political thought GENDER.pptx
PANDITA RAMABAI- Indian political thought GENDER.pptxPANDITA RAMABAI- Indian political thought GENDER.pptx
PANDITA RAMABAI- Indian political thought GENDER.pptxakanksha16arora
 
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptxheathfieldcps1
 
How to Add New Custom Addons Path in Odoo 17
How to Add New Custom Addons Path in Odoo 17How to Add New Custom Addons Path in Odoo 17
How to Add New Custom Addons Path in Odoo 17Celine George
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Model Attribute _rec_name in the Odoo 17
Model Attribute _rec_name in the Odoo 17Model Attribute _rec_name in the Odoo 17
Model Attribute _rec_name in the Odoo 17
 
21st_Century_Skills_Framework_Final_Presentation_2.pptx
21st_Century_Skills_Framework_Final_Presentation_2.pptx21st_Century_Skills_Framework_Final_Presentation_2.pptx
21st_Century_Skills_Framework_Final_Presentation_2.pptx
 
TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...
TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...
TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...
 
What is 3 Way Matching Process in Odoo 17.pptx
What is 3 Way Matching Process in Odoo 17.pptxWhat is 3 Way Matching Process in Odoo 17.pptx
What is 3 Way Matching Process in Odoo 17.pptx
 
Graduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - English
Graduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - EnglishGraduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - English
Graduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - English
 
Economic Importance Of Fungi In Food Additives
Economic Importance Of Fungi In Food AdditivesEconomic Importance Of Fungi In Food Additives
Economic Importance Of Fungi In Food Additives
 
Understanding Accommodations and Modifications
Understanding  Accommodations and ModificationsUnderstanding  Accommodations and Modifications
Understanding Accommodations and Modifications
 
COMMUNICATING NEGATIVE NEWS - APPROACHES .pptx
COMMUNICATING NEGATIVE NEWS - APPROACHES .pptxCOMMUNICATING NEGATIVE NEWS - APPROACHES .pptx
COMMUNICATING NEGATIVE NEWS - APPROACHES .pptx
 
Details on CBSE Compartment Exam.pptx1111
Details on CBSE Compartment Exam.pptx1111Details on CBSE Compartment Exam.pptx1111
Details on CBSE Compartment Exam.pptx1111
 
HMCS Vancouver Pre-Deployment Brief - May 2024 (Web Version).pptx
HMCS Vancouver Pre-Deployment Brief - May 2024 (Web Version).pptxHMCS Vancouver Pre-Deployment Brief - May 2024 (Web Version).pptx
HMCS Vancouver Pre-Deployment Brief - May 2024 (Web Version).pptx
 
REMIFENTANIL: An Ultra short acting opioid.pptx
REMIFENTANIL: An Ultra short acting opioid.pptxREMIFENTANIL: An Ultra short acting opioid.pptx
REMIFENTANIL: An Ultra short acting opioid.pptx
 
OSCM Unit 2_Operations Processes & Systems
OSCM Unit 2_Operations Processes & SystemsOSCM Unit 2_Operations Processes & Systems
OSCM Unit 2_Operations Processes & Systems
 
Play hard learn harder: The Serious Business of Play
Play hard learn harder:  The Serious Business of PlayPlay hard learn harder:  The Serious Business of Play
Play hard learn harder: The Serious Business of Play
 
Simple, Complex, and Compound Sentences Exercises.pdf
Simple, Complex, and Compound Sentences Exercises.pdfSimple, Complex, and Compound Sentences Exercises.pdf
Simple, Complex, and Compound Sentences Exercises.pdf
 
dusjagr & nano talk on open tools for agriculture research and learning
dusjagr & nano talk on open tools for agriculture research and learningdusjagr & nano talk on open tools for agriculture research and learning
dusjagr & nano talk on open tools for agriculture research and learning
 
How to setup Pycharm environment for Odoo 17.pptx
How to setup Pycharm environment for Odoo 17.pptxHow to setup Pycharm environment for Odoo 17.pptx
How to setup Pycharm environment for Odoo 17.pptx
 
PANDITA RAMABAI- Indian political thought GENDER.pptx
PANDITA RAMABAI- Indian political thought GENDER.pptxPANDITA RAMABAI- Indian political thought GENDER.pptx
PANDITA RAMABAI- Indian political thought GENDER.pptx
 
VAMOS CUIDAR DO NOSSO PLANETA! .
VAMOS CUIDAR DO NOSSO PLANETA!                    .VAMOS CUIDAR DO NOSSO PLANETA!                    .
VAMOS CUIDAR DO NOSSO PLANETA! .
 
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
 
How to Add New Custom Addons Path in Odoo 17
How to Add New Custom Addons Path in Odoo 17How to Add New Custom Addons Path in Odoo 17
How to Add New Custom Addons Path in Odoo 17
 

Yoruba and other African Local Languages going extinct, unless...

  • 1. A CASE FOR YORUBA AND OTHER INDIGENOUS LANGUAGES AKAYE EDE YORUBA
  • 2. If care is not taken, the Yoruba Language and other native languages may become extinct after the next two generations… A WARNING…
  • 3. How would they go extinct and… WHY ?
  • 4. There are three ways we engage with a language…
  • 5. We Understand it. We Express it. We Impart it to the next generation. UNDERSTANDI NG EXPRESSION IMPARTATION
  • 6. Generations far back… Back then before white men brought their language (English), both adults and youths can do justice to our indigenous languages.
  • 7. Generations far back… 1. Could understand it. 2. Could express it. 3. Could impart the next generation. The language was all they had. 100% Both adults and youths
  • 8. The Outgoing Generation… Just before the Independence and after it, things began to change as western education became accepted and Yoruba Language became second fiddle.
  • 9. The Outgoing Generation... Could express it. 70-80% ADULTS YOUTHS Could understand it. Could impart it. Could understand it. Could express it. Began to find it difficult to impart it. 80- 95%
  • 10. The Current Generation… Just before and after the turn of the century to the present, adults can still understand the language but there is less impact on the youths.
  • 11. The Current Generation... Can still express it. 40-55% ADULTS YOUTHS Can understand it. Find it difficult to impart it. Can understand it. Find it difficult to express it. Cannot impart it. 55- 70%
  • 12. The Incoming Generation… In another 25 to 35 years, if the current trend is not reversed, adults will be having a difficult time engaging with the language while the youths then will be almost clueless.
  • 13. The Incoming Generation... Find it difficult to express it. 15-30% ADULTS YOUTHS Do not understand it that much. Cannot impart it. Only understand it vaguely. Cannot express it. Cannot impart it. 30- 40%
  • 14. The Generation After… In another 25 to 35 years from the last example i.e. like 50 to 70 years from now, if the current trend continues, the Yoruba language will be almost totally lost.
  • 15. The Generation After Next… Cannot express it. 0-5% ADULTS YOUTHS Understand it vaguely. Cannot impart it. Don’t understand it. Cannot express it. Cannot impart it. 5-10%
  • 16. And there goes... Our Language Our Culture Our History
  • 17. And there goes... Our IDENTITY as people
  • 18. It is not too late however to reverse the trend… Taking a snapshot of the current generation, certain questions arise: IT CAN BE AVOIDED…
  • 19. For the current adults… How can adults understand the language better? How can they express it the more? How can they impart the next generation with their knowledge of the language?
  • 20. For the current youths… How can the youths understand the language well? How can they express it better? How can they begin to impart their generation and later the next generation?
  • 21. Answers to these questions in a book… Coming out soon. Akaye Ede Yoruba M.D. Omisore