Check Your Understanding: Answer questions 1-5 below 1. ________ is the use of consumer-direct channels to reach and deliver goods and services to customers without using marketing middlemen. 2. ________ consist(s) of a collection of incentive tools, mostly short term, designed to stimulate quicker or greater purchase of particular products or services by consumers or the trade. 3. Some companies set their promotion budget to achieve share-of-voice parity with competitors. This is called the _____ method. 4. A program designed to promote or protect a company's image or its individual products is called _____. 5. ________ is/are any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods, or services by an identified sponsor. Exercises: Answer questions 1-5 below 1. Describe the eight major modes of communication in the communications mix. 2. What are the three main platforms of social media? For each describe both a benefit and challenge they present to today's marketing environment. 3. List and discuss three elements that explain how many exposures, E, will produce a level of audience awareness, A. 4. What are the five major decisions, known as "the five M's" that marketing managers must make in developing an advertising campaign? 5. What are the seven design elements that effective Web sites feature? Define each of these. Case Study: Complete the Cast Study below. (Must be at 650 words.) Derek is working on promoting his company's Glazer brand of electronic razors. Preliminary surveys have revealed that even though a sizable portion of the target market has developed a liking for the product due to innovative advertising, few customers would actually consider replacing their current razors with Glazers. How can Derek modify the communications program to get customers to favor Glazers over other brands? Market research suggests that the target audience possesses an intent to use Glazers, but is stalling over actually making the purchase. How can Derek modify the communications program to get customers to purchase Glazer razors? Running head: LEGALIZING MARIJUANA 1 LEGALIZING MARIJUANA 2 Legalizing Marijuana A Review of the Literature Author Note This paper was prepared for CRJU , Section , taught by Professor . Abstract In recent years, there has been a growing debate over the legalization of marijuana for medical or even recreational use. States are beginning to legalize it for one or both purposes, but federally the drug is still equated to heroin. Supporters and critics typically rely on a few set facts that benefit their argument, and don’t usually acknowledge the other side in any way. This literature review examines both the potential benefits and the known risks of marijuana usage. This examination is done to conclude that marijuana does have benefits but the risks need to be further researched and kept in mind when legalizing so that the American public is fully informed about what they’re putting ...

1. Check Your Understanding: Answer questions 1-5 below
1. ________ is the use of consumer-direct channels to reach and
deliver goods and services to customers without using
marketing middlemen.
2. ________ consist(s) of a collection of incentive tools, mostly
short term, designed to stimulate quicker or greater purchase of
particular products or services by consumers or the trade.
3. Some companies set their promotion budget to achieve share-
of-voice parity with competitors. This is called the _____
method.
4. A program designed to promote or protect a company's image
or its individual products is called _____.
5. ________ is/are any paid form of non-personal presentation
and promotion of ideas, goods, or services by an identified
sponsor.
Exercises: Answer questions 1-5 below
1. Describe the eight major modes of communication in the
communications mix.
2. What are the three main platforms of social media? For each
describe both a benefit and challenge they present to today's
marketing environment.
3. List and discuss three elements that explain how many
exposures, E, will produce a level of audience awareness, A.
4. What are the five major decisions, known as "the five M's"
that marketing managers must make in developing an
advertising campaign?
5. What are the seven design elements that effective Web sites
feature? Define each of these.
Case Study: Complete the Cast Study below. (Must be at 650
words.)
Derek is working on promoting his company's Glazer brand of
electronic razors. Preliminary surveys have revealed that even
though a sizable portion of the target market has developed a

2. liking for the product due to innovative advertising, few
customers would actually consider replacing their current razors
with Glazers. How can Derek modify the communications
program to get customers to favor Glazers over other brands?
Market research suggests that the target audience possesses an
intent to use Glazers, but is stalling over actually making the
purchase. How can Derek modify the communications program
to get customers to purchase Glazer razors?
Running head: LEGALIZING MARIJUANA
1
LEGALIZING MARIJUANA
2
Legalizing Marijuana
A Review of the Literature
Author Note
This paper was prepared for CRJU , Section , taught by

3. Professor .
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing debate over the
legalization of marijuana for medical or even recreational use.
States are beginning to legalize it for one or both purposes, but
federally the drug is still equated to heroin. Supporters and
critics typically rely on a few set facts that benefit their
argument, and don’t usually acknowledge the other side in any
way. This literature review examines both the potential benefits
and the known risks of marijuana usage. This examination is
done to conclude that marijuana does have benefits but the risks
need to be further researched and kept in mind when legalizing
so that the American public is fully informed about what they’re
putting in their body when consuming marijuana for medical or
recreational usage.
Keywords: marijuana, medical, recreational, legalization, public
health, laws, adolescence, abuse
Legalizing Marijuana
A Review of the Literature
Marijuana legalization is an increasingly popular topic in the
United States and more and more states continue to legalize the
usage of cannabis for medical and/or recreational use.
Federally, the drug is still classified in the same category as
heroin, which many supporters of marijuana argue against. Over
time, there has been much debate over the potential for

4. marijuana to have medical benefits or be used as an alternative
to tobacco and alcohol for recreational use. Critics claim there
are negative effects to be wary of, and some see it as a societal
menace. Ultimately, marijuana can have some benefits but the
dangers need to be further examined and kept in mind when
legalizing so anyone who wishes to consume marijuana is fully
informed.
Mental Health
One of the most common narratives in favor of the legalization
of marijuana is its ability to benefit those with mental illnesses.
However, users need to be mindful that it cannot benefit all
mental ailments. A 2018 study showed that marijuana usage can
tend to worsen schizophrenia symptoms and cause a diagnosis
of schizophrenia in those who are susceptible to being
diagnosed with the disease (Caspar, 2018). This is a sharp
contrast to the typical narrative regarding marijuana which is
that marijuana usage can be a valid alternative to modern
prescription medications to treat certain diseases. Research such
as this is useful to make patients aware that marijuana cannot
benefit every condition and that it may worsen some as well.
On the other hand, those with anxiety and depression can
possibly see benefits from marijuana usage. Anderson, in an
article from 2017, called for more research into the benefits of
marijuana for anxiety, bipolar disorder, and depression. The
author claimed that the usage of marijuana can benefit those
who have been diagnosed with those mental disorders
(Anderson, 2017). This more closely follows the current popular
opinion of marijuana which is that it is beneficial to those who
have mental disorders such as anxiety and depression, and may
not want to take medication, or may not even be able to afford
medications to treat those disorders. However, it is difficult to
prove these claims with solid research, as marijuana is still
classified as a federal schedule 1 drug and therefore cannot be
used in federally sponsored clinical trials.
Mental Development
Despite having some medicinal benefits, its important to keep in

5. mind that marijuana should be used primarily by adults only
unless a doctor specifically prescribes it to a minor. A 2019
study showed that marijuana can also damage developing
brains, and that the age of recreational usage should be
increased to 25 which is when the brain is finished developing
(Davis & Kreek, 2019). This is also different from the narrative
that marijuana is harmless and is alarming because of the high
rate of usage amongst youth. States which currently have
marijuana legalized for adult usage have the age set at 21; and
this study showed that the brain can still be damaged at that
age.
Potential for Trafficking
As federal legalization may be a more difficult battle,
individual states are attempting to legalize cannabis one-by-one
to allow their citizens to benefit from it. Critics argue that if a
legalized and non-legalized state are neighbors, the state
without legal cannabis will experience trafficking of the drug.
Kreit, in a 2017 article, argued that states which do not have
marijuana legalized do not have to worry about their
neighboring states if those neighbors have marijuana legalized.
It was noted that marijuana is typically not trafficked because
of the small quantity limit it has to be purchased in, and the
availability of marijuana on the black market in non-legal states
(Kreit, 2017).
Effects on Driving
A common concern which is mentioned by critics when
discussing the legalization of marijuana is whether people will
begin to drive while under the influence and increase the
number of fatal car crashes. Aydelotte, in a 2017 study,
determined that once marijuana was legalized, there was not a
statistically significant increase in fatal car crashes in the few
states which had legalized it (Aydelotte, 2017). Supporters may
see this as a convincing reason to legalize, but the author also
made a note that due to the small amount of states for which the
data was available, more thorough research needs to be
conducted once legalization occurs in more states (Aydelotte,

6. 2017).
Post-Legalization and Decriminalization
Legalizing marijuana across the board is not the last step in the
process. Many people have been imprisoned and given life-
altering criminal records because of marijuana usage and
possession, and these people need to be treated with equity in
the legalization process to reverse the effects of the acts which
are no longer crimes. Thompson, in a 2017 article, argued that
those who have been incarcerated by marijuana laws are
typically forgotten when marijuana is legalized. The article
provided examples such as a law which prevents those who have
been convicted on marijuana charges from working in marijuana
dispensaries (Thompson, 2017). When marijuana is legalized,
work needs to be done to provide equity to those who have been
incarcerated under laws which then would no longer apply to
them.
Conclusion
Marijuana is not perfect. It has medical benefits but is not the
ultimate healer. For some, it offers harmless stress relief, and
for others it can be addictive or aggravate already existing
conditions. These negatives should not be enough to classify it,
federally, as if it were as dangerous to society as heroin is. If it
were decriminalized, federally sponsored research could be
executed to determine the true scope of its medical benefits, as
well as any dangers it carries with it.

7. References
Anderson, S. E. (2017). Using Marijuana as My Antidepressant
and Now I Feel Better: A Call for More Research into the
Viability of Marijuana as Treatment for Depression, Anxiety,
and Bipolar Disorder. Oklahoma City University Law Review,
42(3), 335–365. Retrieved from https://search-ebscohost-
com.csulb.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=13
3592531&site=ehost-live
Aydelotte, J. D., Brown, L. H., Luftman, K. M., Mardock, A. L.,
Teixeira, P. G. R., Coopwood, B., & Brown, C. V. R. (2017).
Crash Fatality Rates After Recreational Marijuana Legalization
in Washington and Colorado. American Journal of Public
Health, 107(8), 1329–1331. https://doi-
org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303848
Caspar, S. M., & Joukov, A. M. (2018). The Implications of
Marijuana Legalization on the Prevalence and Severity of
Schizophrenia. Health Matrix: Journal of Law-Medicine, 28,
175–200. Retrieved from https://search-ebscohost-
com.csulb.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?
Davis, K. L., & Kreek, M. J. (2019, June 16). Marijuana
Damages Young Brains. Retrieved from
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/16/opinion/marijuana-brain-
effects.html.
KREIT, A. (2017). Marijuana Legalization and Nosy Neighbor
States. Boston College Law Review, 58(3), 1059–1084.
Retrieved from https://search-ebscohost-
com.csulb.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=12
3871943&site=ehost-live

8. Thompson, B. Y. (2017). “Good moral characters”: how drug
felons are impacted under state marijuana legalization laws.
Contemporary Justice Review, 20(2), 211–226. https://doi-
org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.1080/10282580.2017.1307109
Literature Review: Peer Edit Checklist Part I
1) Intro and Thesis:
a) Does the intro provide enough context for the thesis, and
does it establish the importance of the topic in one or both of
the two ways we’ve discussed: 1) describe the number of people
affected and/or 2) describe the extent to which they are
affected?
b) Is the intro overly general or does it get right to the point?
(Remember, no “dawn of man” introductions.)
c) Is the thesis clearly stated?
2) Body Paragraphs:
a) Is there a clearly identifiable topic sentence for each
paragraph?
Does the rest of the paragraph support ONLY that topic
sentence? Does it stray from that topic sentence?
b) Are the paragraphs in logical order so that one paragraph
logically progresses from the one before?
c) Are there smooth transitions between paragraphs? Between
sentences?
d) Is there enough evidence (specifically, empirical evidence)
provided to support claims by the author? Are all claims made

9. adequately supported?
e) Are there multiple sources cited for each (or at least, most)
point(s)? For example: (Jones, 2012; Smith & Kelly, 2009).Are
there any sections that don’t have any sources cited (there
shouldn’t be)?
f) Does the paper focus on content (rather than sources) by
citing sources in parentheses at the end of the sentence rather
than in the sentence (except when citing specific studies)?
g) Does the author editorialize (that is, make personal
comments about the topic) when the focus should be on what
the literature says? (This should be saved for the conclusion, if
relevant.)
3) Paraphrases & Quotations (If used Quotations are used at all,
they are used very sparingly!):
a) Is each quotation integrated into the author's own prose? (No
“free floating” quotes: Do not begin sentence w/ quote.)
b) When author tags are used, is the author repetitive in their
author tags and signal phrases? (e.g., do they use “says” or
“states,” or “according to” each time?)
c) Does the author use “The article says…” or “The journal
says…” tags? They shouldn’t.
4) APA/Writing Style and Mechanics:
a) Comment on any unclear or awkward phrases that you find.
(“?” or “clarify” will help your peer id problems.)
b) Diction: are there any words that sound unprofessional,
informal, or less academic?
c) Are some of the sentences wordy and difficult to follow?
5) Conclusion:
a) Is the thesis restated in a new and interesting way?
(Remember to avoid verbatim restatements.)
b) Does your conclusion make clear how the body of the review
supports the assertion/proposition/thesis presented in the
Introduction?
c) Have you addressed the implications of your topic? In other
words, have you made suggestions as to what actions seem

10. promising based on the review of the research?
6) What changes would you recommend? Comment as needed
throughout the paper.