Functional Groups a) what is an alcohol? how do you name alcohols? b) describe an aldehyde hydrocarbon.how do you name aldehydes? c) describe a ketone. what is the functional group present? how do you name ketones? d) what is a carboxylic acid? how do you name a hydrocarbon that contains a carboxylic acid? e)what is an amine? how do you name a hydrocarbon that contains an amine? f) describe an ester. what are the properties of an ester? how are they names and how are they formed? g) describe an ether. what are the properties of an ether? h) describe an amide. what are the properties of an amide? how are they made?? Solution A. Alcohol is an organic functional group with general formula R-OH, a hydroxy derivative of alkane. By adding the suffix \'Ol\' to root word, we can\'t name the alcohol Ex: CH3CH2-OH, Ethanol. Since it has two carbons hence root word is \'Eth+ ol= ethanol B. Aldehyde(CHO) is an example for for carbonyl compound and has carbonyl group in it\'s structure & general formula is R- CHO By adding the suffix\' al\' to parent carbon chain, we can name the aldehydes Ex: CH3CH2COCl - \'prop\' for three carbons + al for aldehyde = Propanal C. Ketone is also an example for carbonyl compounds with general formula R-CO-R By adding the suffix \'one\' to parent carbon chain, we can name the ketone Ex:CH3COCH3- prop for three carbons +one for suffix = Propanone D. Carboxylic acid is and organic functional group with general formula R- COOH. By adding the suffix \'oic\' acid to parent carbon chain. CH3CH2COOH- \'prop\' for three carbons and \'oic\' for suffix = Propanoic acid E. Amine is the one which has general formula R-NH2 an amino derivative of alkane and named by adding amine as suffix Ex: CH3CH2NH2, Ethylamine or Ethanamine .

1. Functional Groups
a) what is an alcohol? how do you name alcohols?
b) describe an aldehyde hydrocarbon.how do you name aldehydes?
c) describe a ketone. what is the functional group present? how do you name ketones?
d) what is a carboxylic acid? how do you name a hydrocarbon that contains a carboxylic acid?
e)what is an amine? how do you name a hydrocarbon that contains an amine?
f) describe an ester. what are the properties of an ester? how are they names and how are they
formed?
g) describe an ether. what are the properties of an ether?
h) describe an amide. what are the properties of an amide? how are they made??
Solution
A. Alcohol is an organic functional group with general formula R-OH, a hydroxy derivative of
alkane.
By adding the suffix 'Ol' to root word, we can't name the alcohol
Ex: CH3CH2-OH, Ethanol. Since it has two carbons hence root word is 'Eth+ ol= ethanol
B. Aldehyde(CHO) is an example for for carbonyl compound and has carbonyl group in it's
structure & general formula is R- CHO
By adding the suffix' al' to parent carbon chain, we can name the aldehydes
Ex: CH3CH2COCl - 'prop' for three carbons + al for aldehyde = Propanal
C. Ketone is also an example for carbonyl compounds with general formula R-CO-R
By adding the suffix 'one' to parent carbon chain, we can name the ketone
Ex:CH3COCH3- prop for three carbons +one for suffix = Propanone
D. Carboxylic acid is and organic functional group with general formula R- COOH.
By adding the suffix 'oic' acid to parent carbon chain.

2. CH3CH2COOH- 'prop' for three carbons and 'oic' for suffix = Propanoic acid
E. Amine is the one which has general formula R-NH2 an amino derivative of alkane and named
by adding amine as suffix
Ex: CH3CH2NH2, Ethylamine or Ethanamine