Announcing a New Vision Trip Strategy - Mauricio Siciliano ICAO
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Announcing a New Vision Trip Strategy - Mauricio Siciliano ICAO
- 1. ICAO Global Leadership in Setting MRTD Standards and Regulatory Framework Mauricio Siciliano, ICAO MRTD Officer Regional Seminar on MRTDs, Biometrics and Identification Management 12 to 14 November 2013, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- 2. Overview 1. How do we got here? 2. What do we do? • Standards & Specifications • Assistance 3. What will we become? 4. What else do we do? 5. Conclusions 2
- 3. HOW DO WE GOT HERE ICAO’s mandate for standards development: The Convention on International Civil Aviation 3
- 4. Vision and Mission The International Civil Aviation Organization is the global forum for civil aviation. ICAO works to achieve its vision of safe, secure and sustainable development of civil aviation through the cooperation of its Member States. 4
- 5. Chicago Convention Chicago, 7 December 1944 PREAMBLE WHEREAS the future development of international civil aviation can greatly help to create and preserve friendship and international understanding among the nations and peoples o the world, yet its abuse can become a threat to the general security; 5
- 6. Chicago Convention Goals • Establishes principles and arrangements so that international civil aviation may be developed in a safe and orderly manner. • International civil aviation helps create and preserve friendship and understanding among the nations and peoples of the world. • Recognizes that its abuse can become a threat to the general security. • Avoid friction and to promote that co-operation between nations and peoples upon which the peace of the world depends. 6
- 7. • 2.9 billion passengers • 52 million ton. of freight • 1 000 airlines • 25 000 aircraft in service • More than 4 000 airports • 36 million airline routes • 170 air navigation centers • 1.5% Cargo Volume = 34.6% in value …and in 2030 6 billion passengers Air transport: 2012 world data 7
- 8. ICAO – Specialized UN Agency Secretariat 5 Bureaux Air Transport Bureau Aviation Security & Facilitation MRTD Programme 191 Contracting States Assembly Council (36) ATC President Secretary General 8
- 9. ICAO’s strategic objectives 2014-2015-2016 9 Belly-freight Safety: Enhance global civil aviation safety Air Navigation Capacity and Efficiency: Increase capacity and improve efficiency of the global civil aviation system Security & Facilitation: Enhance global civil aviation security and facilitation Economic Development of Air Transport: Foster the development of a sound and economically-viable civil aviation system Environmental Protection: Minimize the adverse environmental effects of civil aviation activities 9
- 10. New StrategicObjectiveC – Enhance GlobalSecurityand Facilitation This Strategic Objective reflects the need for ICAO’s leadership in aviation security, facilitation and related border security matters. 10
- 11. Annex 17: Security (AVSEC) • Lead and support global efforts to establish sustainable civil aviation security regimes and oversight systems to: • prevent unlawful interference with civil aviation; • respond effectively to attacks and attempted attacks; and • assure the safe and efficient movement of people and goods “Provide technical assistance to States in need, including funding, capacity building and technology transfer to effectively address security threats to civil aviation, in cooperation with other States, international organizations and industry partners.” 37th ICAO Assembly, Montreal, October 2010 11
- 12. Annex 9: Facilitation (FAL) • Maintain stability of supply chain • Support economic growth • Enable sustainable development of air transport • Maintain security and flight safety Facilitation is the efficient management of (customs, immigration, health and quarantine) border control processes, to expedite clearance (of aircraft, passengers/crew, baggage and cargo) and to prevent unnecessary delays. Annex 9 to the Chicago Convention • facilitation of landside formalities for clearance of aircraft, passengers, goods and mail • requirements of customs, immigration, public health and agriculture authorities 12
- 13. Balance Balancing Security and Facilitation Improving security Efficient operations SECURITY •Policy development •Audit •Training/assistance FACILITATION •SARPs •Guidance •Assistance • MRTD • PKD 13
- 14. WHAT DO WE DO Establish Standards and Specifications for MRTDs and eMRTDs
- 15. Chicago Convention & the MRTD Community • Binding all agencies related to Annex 9 – Facilitation related to MRTDs, immigration, customs, border control • Several State agencies mandated to implement convention obligations • Normally coordinated by the Civil Aviation Authority • FAL Contact/Officer • FAL National Programme • FAL Airport Programme • Convention applicable to the MRTD Community 15
- 16. ICAO Policy Making Standards & Recommended Practices (SARPs) What? • Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) • Standards (ex. MRTD) - Shall • All passports issued to be MRPs according to Doc 9303 (3.10) • All passports in circulations after 24/11/ 2015 to be MRPs (3.10.1) • One Person, One Passport (3.15) • Recommended Practices (SARPs) - Should • Incorporation of biometric data and issuance of ePassport (3.9) • Introduction of API systems (3.47) • Differences to Standards 16
- 17. MRTD Programme • Aimed at producing standardized and interoperable specifications for issuance and verification of travel documents. • Build confidence in the reliability of travel documents. • Effective inspection procedures. • Facilitates inspection formalities for the majority of travellers. 17
- 18. Holistic Approach of the MRTD Programme 18
- 19. ICAO Policy Making for MRTD Specifications 19 TAG/MRTD NTWG States International Organizations ICBWG ISO Air Transport Committee Council
- 20. Standards and Specifications 20 Doc 9303 Part 1 – Passport ePassport Part 2 - Visa Part 3 - Official Travel Document ISO : SC17 WG3 ISO/IEC 7501 Contactless Chip
- 21. Part 1 – MRPs Data page layout 21 MRZ VIZ photo 125mm 88mm Zone I Zone II Zone V Zone III Zone IV
- 22. MRZ – Security 22 document type country code primary & secondary identifiers (names) filler characters passport number nationality date of birth sex date of expiry optional data check digits 22
- 24. ICAO Policy Making Doc 9303 What? - Standards 3.10 and 3.9 refer to Doc 9303 24 24 0111001001010 MRP CHIP RFID 14443 IMAGE FACE LDS PKI DIGITAL SIGNATURE PKD
- 25. 25 • Enhance Security • Biometrics for identity confirmation eMRTDs - ePassports
- 26. ePassport: The Trust Imperative • ePassport must be ICAO compliant • ePassports are Passports with a chip. The chip augments the security of the Passport, it does not replace it • ePassports are issued by entities that assert trust – Identification supply chain • Achieve global exchange of certificates et al. • Improper validation of E-Passport leads to a “false” sense of security 26
- 27. Inspection systems & tools 27
- 28. ePassports & Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) Operational View 28 Passport InspectionPassport Issuance Document Signer - Hash DGs - Digital Signature Inspector / Inspection System - Verify digital signature - Validate LDS data integrity and authenticity - Physical inspection SOD SOD Personalization
- 29. ICAO PKD – ePassport Authentication & Validation 29 via PKD country H F E D C B A PKD Gvia bilateral exchange A H G F E D C B country This example shows 8 States requiring 56 bilateral exchanges (left) or 2 exchanges with the PKD (right) to be up to date with certificates and revocation lists. In case of 191 ICAO States 35,910 bilateral exchanges would be necessary while there are still 2 exchanges necessary with the PKD.
- 31. Interoperable Applications • API • PNR • “Watch lists” Bilateral and multilateral exchanges • “Trusted” or “expedited” travellers • INTERPOL 31
- 33. Evidence of Identification 2006 • Identity Fraud = 31% • Docum. Fraud = 54% • Remainder = 15% 2009 • Identity Fraud = 71% • Docum. Fraud = 29% Document Fraud ID Fraud Document Fraud ID Fraud 33
- 34. Evidence of Identification • Criminal focus shifting to lesser developed areas: • Evidence of Identity • Issuance process • Travel document fraud • Identity fraud at the border • Unless addressed, weakens the core MRTD programme and global trust! 34
- 35. WHAT WILL WE BECOME From MRTD to Traveller Identification Programme (TRIP) 35
- 36. Enhancing the MRTD Programme ICAO Traveller Identification Programme (ICAO TRIP) • Holistic approach to identification management and travel documents • Applicable to all mode of transports and borders • Integrates MRTDs, PKD and other elements of traveller identification management • Submitted to the 38th Session of the ICAO Assembly - for the final endorsement of the TRIP Strategy 36
- 37. Holistic Traveller Identification Management: Five Dimensions 37
- 38. WHAT ELSE DO WE DO Implementation, Assistance and Capacity Building on MRTDs
- 39. Implementation, Assistance and Capacity Building • Promotion and Education – Partnership (ex. Regional seminars, symposium, workshops) • MRTD Report (Magazine) • Assistance • Technical Cooperation Projects 39 22 to 24 October 2013, Montreal, Canada
- 40. Implementation, Assistance and Capacity Building • States to comply with MRP standards and specifications by April 2010 • No non-MRP in circulation after November 2015 • Incorporation of Biometric Technology • Improve and secure the passport issuance process • Establish robust identity management systems 40
- 41. Implementation of MRTDs depends on: • Access to the necessary expertise • Access to adequate, necessary and functional equipment for edition, organization and implementation of MRTDs • Capacity of manpower of States to operate equipment, training and maintain this capacity • Coordination and management of the set of procedures • Management of the stakeholders and the process- associated risks 41
- 42. Assistance on Travel Documents • The new UN e-LP • Joint TC project between UN and ICAO • Specs designed by ICAO MRTD experts • State-of-the-art technology • Fully ICAO-compliant • Takes full advantage of ICAO PKD security benefits 42
- 43. Conclusions • ICAO is your UN agency • Establishes trust among nations • Establishes and maintain MRTD and eMRTDs standards and specifications • Establishes guidance for Evidence of Identification • Effective inspection procedures • Facilitates inspection formalities for the majority of travellers • Evolves to fit States’ needs – From MRTD to TRIP • Provides advocacy and assistance 43
- 44. THANK YOU Mauricio Siciliano ICAO MRTD Programme msiciliano@icao.int 44 44
Editor's Notes
- In this presentation, I would like to focus on the following items : Give you a brief overview of ICAO mandate ICAO’s current work related to AVSEC, FAL and MRTD Programmes Provide an update about the ICAO evolving strategic directions on Traveller Identification management, and highlight the relevance of ICAO’s work to the global Counter-Terrorism agenda Discuss challenges and opportunities in providing capacity-building assistance to States, AND, MOST IMPORTANTLY- explore the prospects of consolidating strategic partnership between ICAO and UN CTED in providing further capacity-building assistance to States
- As you know, ICAO is the global forum for civil aviation, and works to achieve its vision of safe, secure and sustainable development of civil aviation through the cooperation of its Member States.
- ICAO is governed by the Chicago Convention, which recognizes that the future development of international civil aviation can greatly help to create and preserve friendship and international understanding among the nations and peoples o the world, yet its abuse can become a threat to the general security;
- Key provisions in the Chicago Convention include ------- Establishing principles and arrangements so that international civil aviation may be developed in a safe and orderly manner; That international civil aviation helps create and preserve friendship and understanding among the nations and peoples of the world; However, it also recognizes that its abuse can become a threat to the general security. And that it should serve to avoid friction and to promote that co-operation between nations and peoples upon which the peace of the world depends.
- …and civil aviation have an enormous social and economic impact worldwide, with scheduled passenger forecasted to double from approximately 2.9 in 2012 to 6 billion in 2030. Also, currently moves 1.5% of cargo which carries almost 35% of the overall value. The security and facilitation implications and challenges, as well as the infrastructures to be protected are significant.
- The constitution of ICAO is the Convention on International Civil Aviation, drawn up by a conference in Chicago in November and December 1944, and to which each ICAO Contracting State is a party. According to the terms of the Convention, the Organization is made up of an Assembly, a Council of limited membership with various subordinate bodies and a Secretariat. The chief officers are the President of the Council and the Secretary General. The Assembly, composed of representatives from all Contracting States, is the sovereign body of ICAO. It meets every three years, reviewing in detail the work of the Organization and setting policy for the coming years. It also votes a triennial budget. The Council, the governing body which is elected by the Assembly for a three-year term, is composed of 36 States. The Assembly chooses the Council Member States under three headings: States of chief importance in air transport, States which make the largest contribution to the provision of facilities for air navigation, and States whose designation will ensure that all major areas of the world are represented. As the governing body, the Council gives continuing direction to the work of ICAO. It is in the Council that Standards and Recommended Practices are adopted and incorporated as Annexes to the Convention on International Civil Aviation. The Council is assisted by the Air Navigation Commission (technical matters), the Air Transport Committee (economic matters), the Committee on Joint Support of Air Navigation Services and the Finance Committee. The Secretariat, headed by a Secretary General, is divided into five main divisions: the Air Navigation Bureau, the Air Transport Bureau, the Technical Co-operation Bureau, the Legal Bureau, and the Bureau of Administration and Services. In order that the work of the Secretariat shall reflect a truly international approach, professional personnel are recruited on a broad geographical basis.
- For the coming 2014-2016 triennium, ICAO has established 5 strategic objectives, which include Enhancing global civil aviation and facilitation.
- Such strategic objective reflect and include the need for confirming and enhancing ICAO leadership in aviation security, facilitation and related border security matters; in particular those issues related to traveller identification and travel documents, which has been identified as the essential tool to assist balancing security and facilitation.
- From the regulatory perspective, ICAO leads and supports global efforts to establish sustainable civil aviation security regimes and oversight systems through assisting in the implementation of Annex 17 to the Chicago Convention. It also provides technical assistance to States that may require it…
- ICAO also regulates Facilitation issues, which involves the efficient management of border control processes, to expedite clearance of aircraft, passengers/crew, baggage and cargo, including travel documents and travellers identification.
- The key element in implementing all these measures is in achieving a balance between Security and Facilitation. The ICAO Traveller Identification Programme provides a the seamless example of this principle. Now I will pass the floor to my colleague Mauricio Siciliano to tell you about the MRTD and Traveller Identification Programme
- Annex 9 – Facilitation related to MRTDs, immigration, customs, border control Annex 9 to the Chicago Convention embodies the SARPs and guidance material pertaining specifically to the facilitation of landside formalities for clearance of aircraft and passengers, goods and mail, with respect to the requirements of customs, immigration, public health and agriculture authorities. As such, it provides a frame of reference for planners and managers of international airport operations, describing the obligations of industry as well as the minimum facilities to be provided by governments. In addition, Annex 9 specifies methods and procedures for carrying out clearance operations in such a manner as to achieve compliance with States’ laws while enabling maximum productivity for the air transport operators, airports and government inspection agencies involved. Several State agencies mandated to implement convention obligations Normally coordinated by Civil Aviation Authority FAL National Programme FAL Airport Programme
- The formulation of new or revised SARPs begins with a proposal for action from ICAO itself or from its Contracting States. Proposals also may be submitted by international organizations. Doc 9303 SARPs are formulated in broad terms and restricted to essential requirements. For complex systems such as communications equipment, SARPs material is constructed in two sections: core SARPs - material of a fundamental regulatory nature contained within the main body of the Annexes, and detailed technical specifications placed either in Appendices to Annexes or in manuals.
- What are the fundaments to build the MRTD Programme relays in the following precept: Well, if public authorities are to facilitate inspection formalities for the vast majority of travellers, those authorities must have a satisfactory level of confidence in the reliability of travel documents and in the effectiveness of inspection procedures. In this sense, the production of standardized specifications for travel documents, the data contained therein and the application of best practices are aimed at building that confidence. Overall, the MRTD Programme provides tools & support to identify terrorist before crossing borders.
- The MRZ Machine readable zone contains basic information on the travel document holder in two lines of OCR-B text, each with 44 characters It also serves as a security feature by applying an algorithm to the information contained in. The MRZ serves to capture travel document holder information for border control prcesses.
- Guidance Material is produced to supplement the SARPs and PANS and to facilitate their implementation. Guidance material is issued as Attachments to Annexes or in separate documents such manuals, circulars and lists of designators/addresses. Usually it is approved at the same time as the related SARPS are adopted. Manuals provide information to supplement and/or amplify the Standards and Recommended Practices and Procedures for Air Navigation Services. They are specifically designed to facilitate implementation and are amended periodically to ensure their contents reflect current practices and procedures. Circulars make available specialized information of interest to Contracting States. Unlike manuals, circulars are not normally updated. The differences to SARPS notified by States are published in Supplements to Annexes.
- ICAO through the work of its working groups, developed specifications to enhance the security features of existing MRTDs. These specifications cover the use of the face as the main biometric identifier, and the fingerprint and/or iris as secondary.
- An ePassport contains an embedded electronic chip that stores a country specific digital security feature, known as a digital signature. Information on the chip, in turn, is only useful if it can be validated quickly and securely by using a country public key. To take advantage of issuing ePassports, and be trusted at borders, these should be read and validated. For that, border control authorities of other States should have access to the public keys required to do so.
- Since travel documents have become so difficult to alter, criminal and terrorist have looked for that “weakest link” of the identification management chain. Thus, there has been a shift in concentrating fraud efforts: from document fraud to identity fraud. So how can we trust passports, if the source of such documents could have been compromised? The answer is to reinforce the source so we can trust it, as well as all the products and services that may generate, including passports and confirmation of identity at borders, for example.
- ICAO has established the Universal Implementation of MRTDs to assist States comply with their obligations & needs in this regard.
- This is why ICAO is proposing to have an enhanced hollistic approach to travel document and traveller identification issues, which will also include securing source identity documents and processes that create and confirm identity, such as birth certificates and other breeder documents. Now we are moving to explore how the MRTD programme, with all the trust and credibility it has generated, could contribute further to the global efforts of enhancing security through effective traveller identification management. The new Strategy calls for the establishment of the ICAO Traveller Identification Programme (ICAO TRIP in short). The ICAO TRIP furthers holistic approach to identification management and travel documents. It integrates source or breeder documents, issuance processes, MRTDs, PKD and other elements of traveller identification management. This new strategy will be presented to the ICAO Assembly for approval next September.
- The strategy also calls for enhancing the number of partners and coordination to achieve its goals. Pass floor to Mr. Djibo.
- ICAO has established the Universal Implementation of MRTDs to assist States comply with their obligations & needs in this regard.
- What to we do: Promotion and Education – We do this through symposiums and seminars (Montreal) and in very successful partnership such as the one with OSCE offering joint regional seminars and assistance. We also issue a bi-annual magazine and provide updated information through our website We presently offer basic on-line training on general issues on MRTD and biometrics and will be developing Standardized Training Packages in this field We provide assistance to States ; and Technical Cooperation Projects
- ICAO has established the Universal Implementation of MRTDs to assist States comply with their obligations & needs in this regard. For example: States to comply with MRP standards and specifications by April 2010 Incorporation of Biometric Technology Improve and secure the passport issuance process Establish robust identity management systems
- The main difficulty for States to implement MRTD projects is that it depends on: Access to the necessary expertise Access to adequate, necessary and functional equipment for edition, organization and implementation of MRTDs Capacity of manpower of States to operate equipment, training and maintain this capacity Coordination and management of the set of procedures Management of the stakeholders and the process-associated risks
- An example of providing technical assistance on travel documents to states and organizations is the UN LP The new UN electronic LP was recently implemented It was a joint TC project between UN and ICAO Specifications and tender dossier designed by ICAO MRTD experts State-of-the-art technology used Fully ICAO-compliant Takes full advantage of ICAO PKD security benefits