liberation movement in southeast Asia

1. THE RISE OF LIBERATION
MOVEMENT IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

2. WHAT IS LIBERALISM?
The belief in the value of
social and political change
in order to achieve
progress

3. Liberation movement is SoutheastAsia
emerged as a reaction of the region’s
people againstWestern colonialism and
exploitation.

4. PHILIPPINES
First liberation movement that had happened in
Southeast Asia
- it is a result of young Filipinos from the middle
class who were able to study abroad (Madrid, Hongkong,
and Japan)

5. - with the education they had abroad, Filipinos
sought reforms from the Spanish government that
would improve the poor conditions of their
countrymen.
- they shared their thoughts with the Filipinos
through letters, essays, poems, and novels.
- these young Filipino became part of the
propaganda movement.

6. PROPAGANDIST ENCOURAGED:
Freedom of expression
Call for an end to discrimination
Campaign for increased Filipino participation
in governance

7. Among themAre:
- Jose Rizal
- Marcelo H. Del Pilar
- Graciano Lopez – Jaena

8. THE PHILIPPINE UNDER AMERICAN OCCUPATION
Commodore George Dewey
- lead the American force against the Spanish
General Patricio Montojo
- leader of the Spanish during the American Spanish
battle in Manila Bay

9. Treaty of Paris (1898)
- Spain yielded its control of the Philippines to the
United States
The American did not recognize the revolutionary
government established by General Emilio Aguinaldo

10. Independence movement continued but through
peaceful and diplomatic means.
10 years – transition period of Philippines
(commonwealth period)
Tydings – McDuffie Law
- Manuel L. Quezon was able to secure independence
mission abroad

11. WWII delayed the granting of the Philippine Indepence
HUKBALAHAP
- Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa Hapon
- they fight against the Japanese when the
American deserted the Philippines

12. USAFE
- United States Army Forces in the Far East
- restored sovereignty over Philippines in 1945
July 4, 1946
- U.S granted the Philippine Independence

13. THAILAND
Relations with Europeans
1511 – first relationship with theWest (Portuguese)
Thailand recognized the rights of extraterritoriality
and allowed foreigners to live in the country
without being subject to local laws and regulations

14. 1600’s –Thai youth were able to study abroad
where they learned about Western ways and
ideals
- foreigners began to interfere in the affairs
of the state

15. Ram Dynasty
1767 – Burmese attacked Ayutthia (King ofThais)
General PhyaTaksin – succeeded and became king of
Thailand
General Phya Chakri – replacedTaksin as ruler in 1782
and took the name Rama I

16.  Chakri dynasty
- renamedThailand as Siam and transferred the capitalThomburi
to Bangkok
King Mongkut (Rama IV)
- was considered as among the Siam’s greatest ruler
- encouraged the study of Western language and science and
allowed the trade relations with France, Great Britain and other
countries

17. Chulalongkorn (RamaV)
- son of Mongkut who continued his reforms
- abolished slavery and instituted a public school
system for allThaiYouths

18. BURMA(MYANMAR)
1824
- British and Burmese forces first armed confrontation
General Bangula
- penetrated Bengal Region in India
- later the British forces overpowered the Burmese
militia

19.  Moythugyi
- local leaders of Burma
YMBA
- Young Men Buddhist Association (1906)
- started the nationalist movement in Burma which is composed of
sons of the Burmese employee who served in the British colonial
government
GCBA
- General Council of Burmese Association
- includes Buddhist and non- Buddhist in the country

20. Saya San
- former pongyi (monk)
- led GCBA against the government officials
- was arrested and executed by the British

21. POLITICAL PARTIES OF BURMA
1. THAKIN (master) PARTY
- student protest of the University of Rangoon
- they used thakin to emphasize equality with the British
- fought for the return of Burmese educational System
Thakin Nu and Aung San – two popular leaders

22. 2. SINYETHA (poor men’s) PARTY ]
- founded by Ba Maw (minister of education in 1932)
- they joined theThakin Party to set up freedom Bloc
3. MYOCHIT (patriotic) PARTY
- U Saw was appointed as the Prime minister of Burma

23. Myochit Party advocated the ff:
- Implementation of land reforms
- embargo on immigration
- granting dominion status on Burma
U Saw travel to London to ask the parliament to grant their
advocacies but was arrested and charge with treason
instead.

24. Thakins allied with Japan in December 1941, Japan
afterwards established their rule .
After SecondWorldWar Burma won its freedom from the
Japanese but the British returned.
January 4, 1948
- British declared Burma’s independence

25. VIETNAM
In the 17th century colonizers was resisted by the
Vietnamese already
Missionaries from Italy and Portugal often have
conflict with the monarchy prompted France to
interfere
1883
- France invadeVietnam

26.  1909 – 1919
- arresting and executingVietnamese nationalist leaders
DeTham
- “Tiger ofYenTre” is one of the victim
Coung De (group of devotees)
- peasants continued to support them
-composed of Mandarin Scholars

27. VIETNAM SPLIT INTOTHREE GROUPS
1. Working with the French and supported their rule
2. They hide and refuse cooperation
3. Engage in combatting France to restore the monarchy
Cuuc Quoc
- ethnic salvation

28. PHAN BOI CHAU and PHANTHAUTRINH
- convinced the people not just to bring back monarchy
but to be totally independent
VNQDD (Vietnam Quoc Dan Dang)
- principle was based from Kuomintang “nationalism,
democracy and peoples livelihood”

29. HO CHI MINH
- Nguyen Al Quoc
- influenced by the October Revolution in Russia
-begun to turn to Marxism to free their homeland
from the French
- born from mandarin family in 1890 and a cabin
boy in a Merchant ship

30. VRL (Vietnamese Revolutionary League)
- founded by Ho Chi Minh
- Minh Chose 250 men trained inWhampoa
Military Academy in China and sent to Russia for
Marxism Study
- formed the Communist Party in Indochina

31. 1941
- communist party formed the Viet Minh or
the League ofVietnam’s independence
- Ho Chi Minh proclaimed the independence
ofVietnam

32. INDONESIA
DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY
- controlled trade and major ports in Indonesian
archipelago
- they strictly supervise the production of spice, coffee
and indigo in the region
- Dutch conscripted Indonesians to farm, and required
them to sell their produce to the company .

33. JAVAWARS
- took place in 1825 – 1830
- revolts were launched by the Indonesian because of
Dutch policies and exploitation of the economy
PRINCE DIPANEGORO
- person who started the rebellion against the Dutch
however they were subdued

34. 1900
- Indonesian Nationalism emerged
Budi Otomo High Endeavor
- first nationalist organization established in 1908
- supported by students and doctors from Java
- primarily a cultural rather than a political
organization

35. Sarikat Islam (Islam Association)
- organized by Umav SaidTjokroaminoto
- grow out of a protective association for batic
(merchant )
- became a religious organization before
maturing into a political association against the
colonizers

36. SAREKAT ISLAM AIMSTO:
Improves the people livelihood
Encourage the people to study and increase
knowledge
Resist capitalism and embody socialism

37. ISDA (Indies Social Democratic Action)
- small group formed from SI in 1914
Partai Komunis Indonesia (Communist Party of Indonesia)
- Semaun broke away from SI and formed this party
- became an influential political organization in Indonesia
- launched successful revolts in 1923

38. Although PKI – led uprising were already
widespread other nationalist movement stayed
away from political actions and protest and
engage themselves in establishing agricultural
products.

39. SUKARNO
Founded the Partai Nasional Indonesia
(Indonesian National Party) in June 1927
- sought to unite all organization under one
umbrella organization
- formalization of Bahasa Indonesia as the
national language and Indonesia Raya as the
National Anthem

40. 1949
- Federal Republic of United States of
Indonesia (by Holland)
1950
- renamed as Republic of Indonesia