Plant breeding is the science of production of new superior varieties from the existing varieties.But the challenge is that the techniques of conventional plant breeding is not sufficient to feed the entire human population.So, the way out is promoting the Marker Assisted production of DH lines.

1. STUNNING FACTS…
• The total population of the world is 7.046 billion in
2012.
• The growth rate is 1.2% per year.
• Global cereal utilization in 2013/14 is projected to be
2,413 million tons, 3.2 percent higher than in
2012/13.

2. PLANT BREEDING…
• Agricultural area is decreasing rapidly every year and
is a major challenge for feeding the entire world.
• On an average, for every two seconds one person
loses his/her life due to starvation.
• So, What’s the way out ?

3. LIMITATIONS OF CONVENTIONAL PLANT
BREEDING
• Attainment of complete homozygosity and
homogeneity takes a long time. Generally, about
seven to eight generations are required for the
achievement of stable population.
• The process of selection is very critical as the plants
are selected based on morphology.

4. MAS
• Molecular markers is a very handy and reliable tool
which can be employed in order to ease the selection
process.
• A completely stable population can be achieved
within three to four generations.
• But, this strategy is also not enough to feed the
human population.

5. IN-VITRO SELECTION TECHNIQUES
• In-vitro :Growing of plants in an artificially
enclosed auxotrophic media.
• The phenomenon of exploiting totipotency
and culturing of single/group of plant cells or
callus in vitro is called Plant tissue culture.

6. TYPES OF TISSUE CULTURE
• Based on the explant used they are classified
as,
Shoot tip & meristem culture
Root cultures
Protoplast cultures
Embryo culture
Microspore culture
Ovary/ovule culture

7. APPLICATIONS OF TISSUE CULTURE IN
PLANT BREDING
• Production of Doubled haploid pants which
eases the selection process.
• Supply of disease-free explants.

8. IN-VITRO SELECTION
• Through anther culture it is possible to attain
complete homozygosity and homogeneity in
the first generation itself.
• The final product of the anther culture is a
haploid plant. Then, the plants are doubled
using colchicine.(DH plants)
• Selection of superior genotypes will be more
effective if DH technique is combined along
with Marker technology.

9. ANTHER CULTURE
• In anther culture, the anther or the isolated
microspore is used as an explant.
• Two types based on the type of growth media used,
In solid media
In broth

10. FACTORS AFFECTING ANTHER CULTURE
• In microspore/anther culture,
Condition of the donor plant is of
critical importance.
Timing of isolation of the anther.
Regeneration can be obtained by direct
embryogenesis or via callus stage and
subsequent embryogenesis.

11. • The final product obtained through anther
culture is a haploid plant.
• Superior genotypes are selected by checking
for the presence of tightly linked marker.
• Chromosomes are doubled for the selected
plants alone.
• Complete population stability can be attained
in the first generation itself.

12. APPLICATIONS OF DH IN TRANGENICS
• The integrated GOI can be easily transferred to the
progenies.
• All the plants in the progeny would posses the GOI.

13. DH LINES – PLANT BREEDING
• Reduction in the variety development time span, or
"time to market (TTM)”
• Doubled haploids allow breeders to stabilize desired
traits in a single year, reducing the time required for
new variety development by up to five years.

14. • The process of selection can be performed at a very
young stage itself.
• The efficiency of the doubled haploid method can
overcome competitive interactions between plants
and environment which is a major problem in
conventional plant breeding.

15. LIMITATIONS
• Despite several advantages there are certain
disadvantages in DH technology,
Although doubled haploidy is useful
in fixing rare alleles, overuse may
reduce genetic variation.
Lack of genotype independent
growth media.

16. CURRENT FOCUS
• Doubled haploid production methods are labor-
intensive and thus are expensive.
• Recent re-search has focused on the attempt to
make doubled haploid methods more efficient.
• Method of generating double haploid seeds by
manipulating a single centromere protein.

17. REFERANCES
 Andrew Barkley and Forrest G. Chumley ,A Doubled
Haploid Laboratory for Kansas Wheat Breeding: An
Economic Analysis of Biotechnology Adoption,
International Food and Agribusiness Management
Review Volume 15, Issue 2, 2012
 Payam Pour Mohammadi, Ahmad Moieni*, Mokhtar
Jalali-Javaran, Colchicine induced embryogenesis and
doubled haploid production in maize (Zea mays L.)
anther culture Iranian journal of biotechnology, vol.
5, no. 3, july 2007
 Plant biotechnology, Slater