Earthquakes and volcanoes in greece

1. Earthquakes and Volcanoes in Greece

2. EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKES
• Shaking and ground
rupture
• Landslides and
avalanches
• Fires
• Soil liquefaction
• Tsunami
• Floods
• Human impacts

3. TECTONIC SETTING OF GREECE
• Greece is located at the
complex boundary zone
in the eastern
Mediterranean between
the African Plate and
the Eurasian Plate.
• The northern part of
Greece lies on the
Eurasian Plate while the
southern part lies on
the Aegean Sea Plate.

4. DATE TIME PLACE FATALITIES COMMENTS
464 BC - Sparta Up to
20,000
-
426 BC - Euboic Gulf - The
historian Thucydides concluded
that the tsunami was caused by
the earthquake, the first to
recognize such a link
226 BC - Rhodes - Toppled the Colossus of Rhodes
21/07/364 Sunrise Crete,Alexandria - Raised part of Crete 9 metres,
causing severe damage and
triggering a tsunami that
devastated Alexandria
12/856 - Corinth 45,000 -
08/08/1303 06:00
Local time
Crete,Alexandria - Triggered a major tsunami;
severely damaged theLighthouse
of Alexandria
03/05/1481 03:00 Rhodes 30,000 -
16/02/1810 22:15 Heraclion,Crete 2,000 -

5. DATE TIME PLACE FATALITIES COMMENTS
03/04/1881 11:30 Chios 7,866 -
26/09/1932 19:20 Ierissos 491 -
12/08/1953 09:24 Cephalonia,Zakynthos 476 -
09/07/1956 03:11 Dodecanese 56 Triggered a tsunami that
affected the entire Aegean
Sea.
20/06/1978 11:04 Thessaloniki 47 -
24/02/1981 20:53 Gulf of Corinth 22 -
07/09/1999 11:56 Athens 143 -
08/01/2006 11:34 Kythira - -
08/06/2008 12:25 Peloponesse 2 -
15/07/2008 03:26 Dodecanese 1 -

7. The Great Thessaloniki Earthquake
The Great Thessaloniki
Earthquake occurred on
20 June 1978 at 23:03
local time. The shock
registered 6.2 on
the moment magnitude
scale, and was felt
throughout northern
Greece, Yugoslavia and
Bulgaria. It was the
largest earthquake in the
area since 1932.

9. Disasters of Thessaloniki’s Earthquake

10. Disasters of Thessaloniki’s Earthquake

11. The Athens Earthquake
The 1999 Athens
earthquake, registering a
moment magnitude of
6.0, occurred on
September 7, 1999, at
2:56:50 pm local time
and lasted approximately
15 seconds in Ano Liosia.

12. More than 100
buildings (including
three major factories)
across those areas
collapsed trapping
scores of victims
under their rubble
while dozens more
were severely
damaged.

13. Overall, 143 people
lost their lives and
more than 2,000 were
treated for injuries in
what eventually
became Greece's
deadliest natural
disaster in almost half
a century.

17. Consequences of the Earthquake
• People after the
earthquake have to live
in tents or containers
while waiting for their
houses to get repaired.
This waiting sometimes
lasts for weeks ,months
and maybe even years.

21. How to face an earthquake at school
KEEP IN MIND
• Plans are of ABSOLUTELY NO USE if
they aren't known to everyone;
students, staff and parents.
• Plans must be exercised periodically
to refresh memories and educate
newcomers.
• Demonstrations of ways to:
* duck, cover and hold protect head
and body if no cover available
* deal with resultant hazards (fire,
injuries)
* evacuate the building.
• Discussions of response plan goals
and design--If all students and staff
know why they are taking a particular
step, they are more apt to do it with
speed and commitment.

22. How to face an earthquake at school
• Tests of parts of the plan -- duck
and cover drills, for example.
• Full-scale earthquake response
exercise -- once or twice a year.
• Evaluation of the drills and
exercises -- you will learn
something from every drill or
exercise, so make sure your
plans get changed to reflect the
wisdom of experience.
• You must construct your own
drills to take into account
the particular circumstances in
your school, with your students
and personnel.

23. Earthquake exercises at schools

24. Volcanoes
• A volcano is
a rupture on
the crust of a planetary
mass object, such as
the Earth, which allows
hot lava, volcanic ash,
and gases to escape
from a magma
chamber below the
surface.

26. NAME METERS FEET LAST ERUPTION
Kos 430 1411 Pleistocene
Methana 760 2493 258 BCE
Milos 751 2464 140 CE
Nisyros 698 2290 1888
Poros 80 240 Pliocene
Santorini (Kolumbo) -18 -60 1650
Santorini (Nea
Kameni)
130 390 1950
Yali 180 591 Holocene

27. Volcano Of Santorini
The volcano of Santorini is
the most famous volcano in
Greece. It has the largest
caldera (crater) in the world
with a height of 300m and a
diameter of 11km.
The special thing about this
caldera is that it is actually
sunken and filled with sea
water. On the cliffs of the
caldera, white sugar houses
have been constructed
offering breathtaking view.

28. Santorini-Nea Kameni
Boat tours depart from
the old port of Fira in
Santorini to the volcano,
which is actually the island
of Nea Kameni, formed by
volcanic eruptions in the
16th century. The last
eruption of the Santorini
volcano was small and
happened in 1950 and the
volcanic is still active.

29. Minoan Eruption
(Santorini)

30. Santorini

31. Santorini

32. Minoan Eruption
The Minoan
eruption of Thira, also
referred to as the Thira
eruption or Santorini
eruption, was a
major catastrophic volcanic
eruption with a Volcanic
Explosively Index (VEI) of 6
or 7 and a dense-rock
equivalent (DRE) of
60 km3 (14 cu mi), which is
estimated to have occurred
in the mid second
millennium BCE.

33. Minoan Eruption
The eruption was one
of the largest volcanic
events on Earth in
recorded history.
The eruption
devastated the island
of Thira (also called
Santorini), including
the Minoan settlement
at Akrotiri, as well as
communities and
agricultural areas on
nearby islands and on
the coast of Crete.

34. Minoan Eruption
There are no clear
ancient records of the
eruption, the eruption
seems to have inspired
certain Greek
myths, may have caused
turmoil in Egypt, and
may be alluded to in
a Chinese chronicle.

36. Volcano of Nisuros
The second most famous
volcano in Greece is located
on the small island of Nisyros,
Dodecanese. This is the
youngest of the large volcanic
centres in Greece, only
160,000 years old.
Today the volcano of Nisyros
is dormant. The largest crater
that most tourists visit is
Agios Stefanos, with a
diameter and depth of 30m.

37. Nisyros

38. Volcano Of Methana
The peninsula of Methana,
on Peloponnese, actually
has 32 volcanoes. The
volcanic activity in the
peninsula started about one
million years ago and in fact
a large eruption took place
in 230 BC. The last eruption
of the Methana volcano
happened in 1700.

39. Volcano Of Methana
Today the volcano is
dormant and many hiking
and climbing tours are
organized in the
peninsula. Due to the
volcanic activity, Methana
also has famous thermal
springs.

40. Methana

41. Volcano Of Milos
• The volcano of Milos
island is also considered
dormant. It is located in
the centre of the island
and has given to Milos
its richness in minerals
and its strange
geological formation.
The last volcanic
eruption on Milos took
place in 90,000 BC.

42. Milos

43. THE END